HI ,,,
I use cadence irun tool to compile this project. I find some error about like as follows .
parameter DAT_BYTS,
parameter CTL_BITS, ....

Thanks.

In the specp256k1_top.sv file.

jb_point_t  .... , pt_X0,pt_X1,pt_X, ....;

You declare three signals but never used.I'm confused about that.

Hi ALL,

Is this project in running condition?
I would like to get it to work on a xilinx ZCu102 board to get it to work but there is one issue reported and nobody has replied.
So I am trying to figure out if this is even gonna operate or is just abandoned in non working state.
Hashrate: Also nowhere there is any mention about the hashrate on the fpga board that was used to test.
Can anyone let me know if its gonna work and if possible, can u direct me to what changes I need to get it to work.

Thanks,
Kapoor7997

I am using Vivado 2020.2 to test the secp256k1 core. I instantiated two cores in my design, but it behaved strangely during simulation. I simply let the cores running in parallel and drived only one of them, but it returned a timeout. However, if I just commented out the unused core, it would work correctly. I have attached a minimal design and testbench that can reproduce my
issue.

test_secp256k1.zip

You write import task get_keep_from_mod();
But get_keep_from_mod is defined a function.So you should write as follows right ?

extern function get_keep_from_mod(); //should add 

...
modport sink(
.....
import function get_keep_from_mod();   //task changed to function
)

....
extern function get_keep_from_mod();
....

endfunction

Hi ,,,
I find this code do not have enter into scan mode. I will use uvm method to verification some code of the project to make it to ASIC. Does the code have finished ?

Using logic registers to do these algorithms. It consumes too much resources registers and LUTs.
Why don't you use the memory method(such as internal or external RAMS) to implement these algorithms?It will reduce a lot of resources cells.

secp256k1_mod.sv

always_ff @ (posedge i_clk) begin
  if (i_rst) begin
    val <= 0;
    err <= 0;
    o_val <= 0;
    ctl <= 0;
    o_err <= 0;
  end else begin
    if (~o_val || (i_rdy && o_val)) begin
      val <= val << 1;
      ctl <= {ctl, i_ctl};
      err <= err << 1;
      val[0] <= i_val && o_rdy;
      err[0] <= i_err;
      o_dat <= res1[255:0];
  
      o_err <= err[1] || res1 >= p_eq;
      o_val <= val[1];
      o_ctl <= ctl[1];
    end

  end
end

err <= err << 1; err signal is no sense.It doesn't work.

Hi Ben,

I would like to know, in your estimation, what would be the theoretical maximum prover throughput if I tiled a large FPGA (like an Alveo 280) with the BLS12-381 coprocessors. LUT utilisation was 25% on your device (VU9P), so I assume I could get 3-4 processors on an equivalent device, leading to a 12x speedup against a pretty high-end CPU (3.7GHz!). I noticed the clock speed is quite low (200MHz) even for an FPGA design (could probably hit 275 MHz?). Is there a possibility of cranking this up?

In your talk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNClWrMbhlg&t=1717s), is the CPU throughput referenced for single-thread or multiple threads? If it is single-thread, that is somewhat disappointing, since if I had 4 threads I should be able to achieve the same throughput.

Furthermore, judging by some past results, it seems one could get similar speedups (10x-40x) on a GPU? So perhaps FPGAs are not worth the trouble for now? Furthermore, how much could a powerful multicore machine like a threadripper with 64 or 128 logical threads do to speed things up over the CPU benchmark you used? This is assuming one could be running multiple proofs/pairings in parallel alongside parallelising individual proofs/pairings.

Best,
Jonathan

This algorithm is very efficient and useful for non-specific modulo
however, I did not find the related papers about this algorithm.
it's diffcult for me to derive the detailed algorithm from the verilog code.
Would you pls list the papers where the algorithm about the multiply and the modulo is described?
Thanks!

Hi I am trying to build this on a AWS F1 instance..
However some some error reported when starting synthesizing, error log is as below:
Study while and I find this file "accum_mult_mod_generated.sv" can be generated by a python script under zcash-fpga/ip_cores/accum_mult_mod/scripts/ .
But if using this specifically generated file directly, there will be other syntax error report by synthesizing tool..
Can you please take a look for the possible cause?
Tks!
LMa

ERROR: [Synth 8-1766] cannot open include file accum_mult_mod_generated.sv [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:56]
ERROR: [Synth 8-1031] accum_grid_o_r is not declared [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:114]
ERROR: [Synth 8-1031] accum_grid_o is not declared [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:114]
ERROR: [Synth 8-1031] accum_grid_o_rr is not declared [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:115]
ERROR: [Synth 8-1031] accum_grid_o_r is not declared [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:115]
ERROR: [Synth 8-1031] accum2_grid_o is not declared [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:123]
INFO: [Synth 8-2350] module accum_mult_mod ignored due to previous errors [/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv:24]
Failed to read verilog '/home/centos/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/build/src_post_encryption/accum_mult_mod.sv'
INFO: [Common 17-83] Releasing license: Synthesis
62 Infos, 4 Warnings, 0 Critical Warnings and 7 Errors encountered.
synth_design failed
ERROR: [Common 17-69] Command failed: Synthesis failed - please see the console or run log file for details

while executing

"source -notrace ./synth_${CL_MODULE}.tcl"
invoked from within
"if {${cl.synth}} {
source -notrace ./synth_${CL_MODULE}.tcl
set synth_dcp ${timestamp}.CL.post_synth.dcp
}"
(file "create_dcp_from_cl.tcl" line 203)

In the verilog or sv,We can't assign the different value in the one condition.Right?

Not sure where the problem would be, I generated multiple ecdsa test vectors, by using openssl library, there are 50% possibility the verification will be failed (and those testvector passed with the openssl verification process).

I build the AFI on one Centos machine successfully.
I am able to load AFI to another F1 instance (ubuntu machine) successfully.
When I am trying to build the application to call-up the AFI, meet such issue (on ubuntu F1 machine):
Please have a look?

ubuntu@ip-XXXXXXXXX~/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime$ make all gcc -DCONFIG_LOGLEVEL=4 -g -Wall -I/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/sdk/userspace/include -I /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/common/software/include -I ./include -lstdc++ -std=c++11 -o test_zcash zcash_fpga.cpp test_zcash.cpp /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/sdk/userspace/utils/sh_dpi_tasks.o -lfpga_mgmt -lrt -lpthread /tmp/ccjfM665.o: In function zcash_fpga::get_instance()':
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/zcash_fpga.cpp:28: undefined reference to __cxa_guard_acquire' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/zcash_fpga.cpp:28: undefined reference to __cxa_guard_release'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/zcash_fpga.cpp:28: undefined reference to __cxa_guard_abort' /tmp/ccjfM665.o:(.data.rel.local.DW.ref.__gxx_personality_v0[DW.ref.__gxx_personality_v0]+0x0): undefined reference to __gxx_personality_v0'
/tmp/ccynn5Cx.o: In function string_to_hex(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned char*)': /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:66: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::length() const'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:68: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::c_str() const' /tmp/ccynn5Cx.o: In function main':
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:118: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:118: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:118: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:118: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:119: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:119: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:119: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:119: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:120: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:120: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:120: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:120: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:121: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:121: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:121: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:121: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:122: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:122: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:122: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:122: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:179: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:179: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:179: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:179: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:185: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:185: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:185: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:185: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:191: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:191: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:191: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:191: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:197: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:197: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:197: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:197: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:203: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:203: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:203: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:203: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:209: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:209: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:209: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:209: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:328: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:328: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:328: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:328: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:329: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:329: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:329: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:329: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:330: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:330: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:330: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:330: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:331: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:331: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:331: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:331: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:332: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:332: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:332: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:332: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:333: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:333: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:333: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:333: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:334: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:334: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:334: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:334: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:335: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:335: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:335: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:335: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:336: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:336: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:336: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:336: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:337: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:337: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:337: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:337: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:338: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:338: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:338: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:338: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:339: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:339: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits, std::allocator >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator const&)'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:339: undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:339: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:118: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:119: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:120: undefined reference to std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:121: undefined reference to std::allocator::~allocator()'
/tmp/ccynn5Cx.o:/home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime/test_zcash.cpp:122: more undefined references to std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' follow collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status Makefile:34: recipe for target 'test_zcash' failed make: *** [test_zcash] Error 1

Hi I run the test code but reported as no AFI detected.

1. however check manually by I do have the AFI loaded correctly, slot/VendorID/DeviceId shall be all right (see log below)--anything else could cause error?
   The error comes from this function: fpga_mgmt_describe_local_image() --but can not find its implementation.
2. log INFO shows the all tests passed--but the tests did not run yet?
3. switch to root by su command and run, same error.

`ubuntu@ip-XXXXXXXXX: ~ /aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime$ make all
g++ -DCONFIG_LOGLEVEL=4 -g -Wall -I /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/sdk/userspace/include -I /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/hdk/common/software/include -I ./include -lstdc++ -std=c++11 -o test_zcash zcash_fpga.cpp test_zcash.cpp /home/ubuntu/aws-fpga/sdk/userspace/utils/sh_dpi_tasks.o -lfpga_mgmt -lrt -lpthread

ubuntu@ip-XXXXXXXXX:~ /aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime$ sudo ./test_zcash
2019-10-10T02:29:23.142966Z, undefined, ERROR, zcash_fpga.cpp +153: check_afi_ready(): ERROR: Unable to get AFI information from slot 0. Are you running as root?
2019-10-10T02:29:23.143041Z, undefined, ERROR, zcash_fpga.cpp +47: init_fpga(): ERROR: AFI not ready
ERROR: Unable to initialize to FPGA!
INFO: All tests passed!

ubuntu@ip-XXXXXXXXX:~ /aws-fpga/hdk/cl/developer_designs/cl_zcash/software/runtime$ sudo fpga-describe-local-image -S 0 -R -H
Type FpgaImageSlot FpgaImageId StatusName StatusCode ErrorName ErrorCode ShVersion
AFI 0 agfi-0ea41d448d4efefb7 loaded 0 ok 0 0x04261818
Type FpgaImageSlot VendorId DeviceId DBDF
AFIDEVICE 0 0x1d0f 0xf000 0000:00:1d.0
`

I view the secp256k1 module.the ECDSA signature verification as follows

1. compute w= s^(-1) mod n.
2. u1=H(m)w mod n and u2 = rw mod n.
3. X=u1P + u2Q.
4. Covert the x-coordinate x1 of X to an integer /x1;compute v = /x1 mod n.

When the code compute X=u1P +u2Q.Using the Jacobian coordinate point add.Then I noticed you provide two ways (one is CALC_X_AFFINE,another is CHECK_IN_JB) to check the result.In the CALC_X_AFFINE state,Firstly mult the z^2 ,Secondly ,do the binary inverse . and inv_p is secp256k1_pkg::p_eq; I'm confused about the binary inverse.Thirdly, mult the z^2 with X to covert AFFINE .

I'm confused about CALC_X_AFFINE state operation.Could you explain to me? Thanks a lot.