Useful snippets / tools for using WSL2 as a development environment Updated based on issue #7 guidance from '@scotte' and '@JohnTasto'
Auto-start/services (systemd and snap support)
I've done a few methods that have had various levels of success. My goal was to make it feel seamless for my workflow and have commands work as expected. What's below is the current version of the setup I use. It allows me to use the MS Terminal as well as VSCode's Remote WSL plugin.
With this setup your shells will be able to run systemctl commands, have auto-starting services, as well as be able to run snaps.
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Install deps
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install dbus policykit-1 daemonize
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Create a fake-
bashThis fake shell will intercept calls to
wsl.exe bash ...and forward them to a real bash running in the right environment forsystemd. If this sounds like a hack-- well, it is. However, I've tested various workflows and use this daily. That being said, your mileage may vary.$ sudo touch /usr/local/bin/wsl2hack $ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wsl2hack $ sudo editor /usr/local/bin/wsl2hackAdd the following, be sure to replace
<YOURUSER>with your WSL2 Linux username#!/bin/bash # your WSL2 username UNAME="<YOURUSER>" UUID=$(id -u "${UNAME}") UGID=$(id -g "${UNAME}") UHOME=$(getent passwd "${UNAME}" | cut -d: -f6) USHELL=$(getent passwd "${UNAME}" | cut -d: -f7) if [[ -p /dev/stdin || "${BASH_ARGC}" > 0 && "${BASH_ARGV[1]}" != "-c" ]]; then USHELL=/bin/bash fi if [[ "${PWD}" = "/root" ]]; then cd "${UHOME}" fi # get pid of systemd SYSTEMD_PID=$(pgrep -xo systemd) # if we're already in the systemd environment if [[ "${SYSTEMD_PID}" -eq "1" ]]; then exec "${USHELL}" "$@" fi if [[ -z ${SYSTEMD_PID} ]]; then # start systemd /usr/bin/daemonize -l "${HOME}/.systemd.lock" /usr/bin/unshare -fp --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target # wait for systemd to start retries=50 while [[ -z ${SYSTEMD_PID} && $retries -ge 0 ]]; do (( retries-- )) sleep .1 SYSTEMD_PID=$(pgrep -xo systemd) done if [[ $retries -lt 0 ]]; then >&2 echo "Systemd timed out; aborting." exit 1 fi fi # export WSL variables export WINPATH="$(echo "$PATH"|grep -o ':/mnt/c.*$'|sed 's!^:!!')" RUNOPTS="" RUNOPTS="$RUNOPTS -l" RUNOPTS="$RUNOPTS -w WINPATH" RUNOPTS="$RUNOPTS -w WSL_INTEROP" RUNOPTS="$RUNOPTS -w WSL_DISTRO_NAME" # enter systemd namespace exec /usr/bin/nsenter -t "${SYSTEMD_PID}" -m -p --wd="${PWD}" /sbin/runuser $RUNOPTS -s "${USHELL}" "${UNAME}" -- "${@}"
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Set the fake-
bashas ourrootuser's shellWe need
rootlevel permission to getsystemdsetup and enter the environment. The way I went about solving this is to have WSL2 default to therootuser and whenwsl.exeis executed the fake-bashwill do the right thing.The next step in getting this working is to change the default shell for our
rootuser.Edit the
/etc/passwdfile:$ vipw$ vipw -sFind the line starting with
root:, it should be the first line. Add a line:rootwsl:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/local/bin/wsl2hackNever replace
/usr/bin/bashas it is an actual binary in Ubuntu 20.04/20.10Save and close this file.
Make sure to update the primary passwd file and the shadow passwd file.
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Exit out of / close the WSL2 shell
The next step is to shutdown WSL2 and to change the default user to
root.In a PowerShell terminal run:
> wsl --shutdown > ubuntu config --default-user root -
Re-open WSL2
Everything should be in place. Fire up WSL via the MS Terminal or just
wsl.exe. You should be logged in as your normal user andsystemdshould be runningYou can test by running the following in WSL2:
$ systemctl is-active dbus active
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Create
/etc/rc.local(optional)If you want to run certain commands when the WSL2 VM starts up, this is a useful file that's automatically ran by systemd.
$ sudo touch /etc/rc.local $ sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local $ sudo editor /etc/rc.local
Add the following:
#!/bin/sh -e # your commands here... exit 0
/etc/rc.local is only run on "boot", so only when you first access WSL2 (or it's shutdown due to inactivity/no-processes).
To test you can shutdown WSL via PowerShell/CMD wsl --shutdown then start it back up with wsl.
Access localhost ports from Windows
NOTE: No longer needed as of build 18945
Many development servers default to binding to 127.0.0.1 or localhost. It can be cumbersome and frustrating to get it to bind to 0.0.0.0 to make it accessible via Windows using the IP of the WSL2 VM.
Take a look at https://github.com/shayne/go-wsl2-host to have
wsl.localautomatically resolve to the WSL2 VM
To make these dev servers / ports accessible you can run the following commands, or add them to the /etc/rc.local if you have systemd running:
# /etc/rc.local runs as root by default
# if you run these yourself add 'sudo' to the beginning of each command
$ sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet=1
$ iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1 Increase max_user_watches
If devtools are watching for file changes, the default is too low.
# /etc/rc.local runs as root by default
# if you run these yourself add 'sudo' to the beginning of each command
sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
Open MS Terminal to home directory by default
Open your MS Terminal configuration Ctrl+,
Find the "commandLine":... config for the WSL profile.
Change to something like:
"commandline": "wsl.exe ~ -d Ubuntu-18.04",Copy current IP of WSL2 into Windows clipboard (optionally with port 3000 here):
hostname -I | awk '{print $1}' | awk '{printf "%s:3000", $0}' | clip.exe
Alternatively, put it in a file, for example copy_ip.sh, make it executable with chmod +x copy_ip.sh and you can get the IP any time with ./copy_ip.sh:
#!/bin/bash
hostname -I | awk '{print $1}' | awk '{printf "%s:3000", $0}' | clip.exe
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