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fastq-vs-ubam's Introduction

FASTQ vs UBAM

Background

Usability

  • Sample- and read-level metadata
  • Single file for both single- and paired-end reads
  • Different query names for reads 1 and 2 - store suffix(es) in tags

File size

  • FASTQ will always be superior unless BAM allows different compression schemes
    • More compression options for FASTQ

Performance

Naive/serial decompression speed

Parallel decompression/parsing/processing

  • Simple task (compute nucleotide composition)
  • Add random sleep to simulate more complex task

Multi-threading (FASTQ and uBAM)

  • Share single file handle across threads
  • Synchronize on file to read batch
  • Record padding for deferred parsing

Multi-processing (FASTQ and uBAM)

  • Main process reads file and adds batches to queue
  • Sub-processes pull batches off queue and process
  • Record padding for deferred parsing (main process vs subprocess)

Unsynchronized parallel processing of bgzf blocks (uBAM only)

  • Main process adds block offsets and lengths to queue
    • Threads/subprocesses pull block coordinates off the queue, read, and process
  • Use of index vs main process reading block offsets at runtime
  • Memory mapping
    • Limit read-ahead to keep memory to fixed size

Discussion

Alternatives

  • BGZIP FASTQ
  • New custom format
    • Column-oriented
      • Different compression scheme for each column
      • Decompress columns in parallel
      • Don't decompress unused columns
      • Single file
        • Eliminate redundant storage of query name
        • Separate columns for reads 1 and 2 (self-describing)
      • Optimized storage of long reads
      • Easy interop w/ Arrow

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