This repo keeps track of the recent advances in Vision-and-Language Navigation research. Please check out our ACL 2022 VLN survey paper for the catogerization approach and the detailed discussions of tasks, methods, and future directions: Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions.

A long-term goal of AI research is to build intelligent agents that can communicate with humans in natural language, perceive the environment, and perform real-world tasks. Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a fundamental and interdisciplinary research topic towards this goal, and receives increasing attention from natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and machine learning communities. In this paper, we review contemporary studies in the emerging field of VLN, covering tasks, evaluation metrics, methods, etc. Through structured analysis of current progress and challenges, we highlight the limitations of current VLN and opportunities for future work. This paper serves as a thorough reference for the VLN research community.

• Awesome Vision-and-Language Navigation
  • Datasets and Benchmarks
    • Initial Instruction
    • Guidance
    • Dialog
  • Evaluation
  • Methods
    • Representation Learning
      • Pretraining
      • Semantic Understanding
      • Graph Representation
      • Memory-augmented Model
      • Auxiliary Tasks
    • Action Strategy Learning
      • Reinforcement Learning
      • Exploration during Navigation
      • Navigation Planning
      • Asking for Help
    • Data-centric Learning
      • Data Augmentation
      • Curriculum Learning
      • Multitask Learning
      • Instruction Interpretation
    • Prior Exploration
  • Related Areas
    • Using 2D MAPS environments
    • Using synthetic environments
    • Visual Navigation
  • If you find this repo useful for your research, please cite

• [R2R]: Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environments
  CVPR 2018 paper

• [CHAI]: Mapping Instructions to Actions in 3D Environments with Visual Goal Prediction
  EMNLP 2018 paper

• [LANI]: Mapping Instructions to Actions in 3D Environments with Visual Goal Prediction
  EMNLP 2018 paper

• Following High-level Navigation Instructions on a Simulated Quadcopter with Imitation Learning
  RSS 2018 paper

• [RoomNav]: Building Generalizable Agents with a Realistic and Rich 3D Environment
  arXiv 2018 paper

• [EmbodiedQA]: Embodied Question Answering
  CVPR 2018 paper

• [IQA]: Iqa: Visual Question Answering in Interactive Environments
  CVPR 2018 paper

• [Room-for-Room] Stay on the Path: Instruction Fidelity in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ACL 2019 paper

• [XL-R2R] Cross-Lingual Vision-Language Navigation
  arXiv 2019 paper

• [Touchdown]: Natural Language Navigation and Spatial Reasoning in Visual Street Environments
  CVPR 2019 paper

• The Streetlearn Environment and Dataset
  arXiv 2019 paper

• Learning To Follow Directions in Street View
  arXiv 2019 paper

• [Room-Across-Room]: Multilingual Vision-and-Language Navigation with Dense Spatiotemporal Grounding EMNLP 2020 paper

• [VLNCE] Beyond the Nav-Graph: Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments
  ECCV 2020 paper

• [Retouchdown]: Releasing Touchdown on StreetLearn as a Public Resource for Language Grounding Tasks in Street View
  Spatial Language Understanding Workshop 2020 paper

• [REVERIE]: Remote Embodied Visual Referring Expression in Real Indoor Environments
  CVPR 2020 paper

• [ALFRED]: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Tasks
  CVPR 2020 paper

• [Landmark-RxR]: Solving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Fine-Grained Alignment Supervision
  NeurIPS 2021 paper

• Hierarchical Cross-Modal Agent for Robotics Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICRA 2021 [Project Page] [arXiv] [GitHub]

• [Talk2Nav]: Long-Range Vision-and-Language Navigation with Dual Attention and Spatial Memory
  IJCV 2021 paper

• [Habitat-Matterport]: 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AI
  Neurips 2021 paper

• [SOON]: Scenario Oriented Object Navigation with Graph-based Exploration
  CVPR 2021 paper

• [ZInD]: Zillow Indoor Dataset: Annotated Floor Plans With 360o Panoramas and 3D Room Layouts
  CVPR 2021 paper

• [VNLA]: Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance via Imitation Learning with Indirect Intervention
  CVPR 2019 paper

• [HANNA]: Help, Anna! Visual Navigation with Natural Multimodal Assistance via Retrospective Curiosity-Encouraging Imitation Learning
  EMNLP 2019 paper

• [CEREALBAR]: Executing Instructions in Situated Collaborative Interactions
  ACL 2019 paper

• [Just Ask]: An Interactive Learning Framework for Vision and Language Navigation
  AAAI 2020 paper

• [Talk the Walk]: Navigating New York City through Grounded Dialogue
  arXiv 2018 paper

• [CVDN]: Vision-and-Dialog Navigation
  CoRL 2019 paper

• Collaborative Dialogue in Minecraft
  ACL 2019 paper

• [RobotSlang]: The RobotSlang Benchmark: Dialog-guided Robot Localization and Navigation
  CoRL 2020 paper

• [TEACh]: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chat
  AAAI 2022 paper

• [DialFRED]: Dialogue-enabled agents for embodied instruction following
  RA-L 2022 paper

• [Don't Copy the Teacher]: EMNLP 2022 paper

• [AVDN]: Aerial Vision-and-Dialog Navigation
  ACL 2023 paper

Here we introduce papers that includes new evaluation metrics.

• On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agents
  arXiv 2018 paper

• Touchdown: Natural Language Navigation and Spatial Reasoning in Visual Street Environments
  CVPR 2019 paper

• Vision-and-Dialog Navigation
  CoRL 2019 paper

• Stay on the Path: Instruction Fidelity in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ACL 2019 paper

• General Evaluation for Instruction Conditioned Navigation using Dynamic Time Warping
  arXiv 2019 paper

• Robust Navigation with Language Pretraining and Stochastic Sampling
  EMNLP 2019 paper

• Beyond the Nav-Graph: Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Improving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Image-Text Pairs from the Web
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Towards Learning a Generic Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation via Pre-training
  CVPR 2020 paper

• Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• The Road to Know-Where: An Object-and-Room Informed Sequential BERT for Indoor Vision-Language Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• A Recurrent Vision-and-Language BERT for Navigation
  CVPR 2021 paper

• SOAT: A Scene- and Object-Aware Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2021 paper

• Airbert: In-domain Pretraining for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• NDH-Full: Learning and Evaluating Navigational Agents on Full-Length Dialogue
  EMNLP 2021 paper

• Shifting the Baseline: Single Modality Performance on Visual Navigation & QA
  ACL 2019 paper

• Are You Looking? Grounding to Multiple Modalities in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ACL 2019 paper

• Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation with Dynamic Convolutional Filters
  BMVC 2019 paper

• Diagnosing the Environment Bias in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  IJCAI 2020 paper

• Object-and-Action Aware Model for Visual Language Navigation
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Diagnosing Vision-and-Language Navigation: What Really Matters
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Room-and-Object Aware Knowledge Reasoning for Remote Embodied Referring Expression
  CVPR 2021 paper

• Language-guided Navigation via Cross-Modal Grounding and Alternate Adversarial Learning
  IEEE CAS 2021 paper

• SASRA: Semantically-aware Spatio-temporal Reasoning Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments
  ICPR, 2022 [Paper] [Website] [Video]

• FILM: Following Instructions in Language with Modular Methods
  ICLR 2022 [Paper] [Website] [Video] [Code]

• Don't Copy the Teacher: Data and Model Challenges in Embodied Dialogue
  EMNLP 2022 [Paper] [Video]

• Chasing Ghosts: Instruction Following as Bayesian State Tracking
  NeurIPS 2019 paper

• Language and Visual Entity Relationship Graph for Agent Navigation
  NeurIPS 2020 paper

• Evolving Graphical Planner: Contextual Global Planning for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  NeurIPS 2020 paper

• Topological Planning with Transformers for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2021 paper

• Help, Anna! Visual Navigation with Natural Multimodal Assistance via Retrospective Curiosity-Encouraging Imitation Learning
  EMNLP 2019 paper

• Vision-Dialog Navigation by Exploring Cross-modal Memory
  CVPR 2020 paper

• A Recurrent Vision-and-Language BERT for Navigation
  CVPR 2021 paper

• Scene-Intuitive Agent for Remote Embodied Visual Grounding
  CVPR 2021 paper

• History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  NeurIPS 2021 paper

• Self-Monitoring Navigation Agent via Auxiliary Progress Estimation
  ICLR 2019 paper

• Transferable Representation Learning in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICCV 2019 paper

• Vision-Language Navigation with Self-Supervised Auxiliary Reasoning Tasks
  CVPR 2020 paper

• Look Before You Leap: Bridging Model-Free and Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Planned-Ahead Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ECCV 2018 paper

• Reinforced Cross-Modal Matching and Self-Supervised Imitation Learning for Vision-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2019 paper

• Vision-language navigation policy learning and adaptation
  TPAMI 2020 paper

• Stay on the Path: Instruction Fidelity in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ACL 2019 paper

• General Evaluation for Instruction Conditioned Navigation using Dynamic Time Warping
  arXiv 2019 paper

• Perceive, transform, and act: Multi-modal attention networks for vision-and-language navigation
  arXiv 2019 paper

• From language to goals: Inverse reinforcement learning for vision-based instruction following.
  arXiv 2019 paper

• Landmark-RxR: Solving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Fine-Grained Alignment Supervision
  NeurIPS 2021 paper

• Language-guided Navigation via Cross-Modal Grounding and Alternate Adversarial Learning
  IEEE CAS 2021 paper

• Tactical Rewind: Self-Correction via Backtracking in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2019 paper

• Active Visual Information Gathering for Vision-Language Navigation
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• Look Before You Leap: Bridging Model-Free and Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Planned-Ahead Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ECCV 2018 paper

• Chasing Ghosts: Instruction Following as Bayesian State Tracking
  NeurIPS 2019 paper

• Generative Language-Grounded Policy in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Bayes' Rule
  ICLR 2020 papepr

• Learning to Stop: A Simple yet Effective Approach to Urban Vision-Language Navigation
  EMNLP Findings 2020 paper

• Hierarchical Cross-Modal Agent for Robotics Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICRA 2021 [Project Page] [arXiv] [GitHub]

• Waypoint Models for Instruction-guided Navigation in Continuous Environments
  ICCV 2021 paper

• Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• Neighbor-view Enhanced Model for Vision and Language Navigation
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Language-Aligned Waypoint (LAW) Supervision for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments
  EMNLP 2021 paper

• One Step at a Time: Long-Horizon Vision-and-Language Navigation with Milestones
  arXiv 2022 paper

• CVDN: Vision-and-Dialog Navigation
  CoRL 2019 paper

• Learning when and what to ask: a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework
  EMNLP 2019 paper

• Just Ask:An Interactive Learning Framework for Vision and Language Navigation
  AAAI 2020 paper

• RMM: A Recursive Mental Model for Dialog Navigation
  EMNLP Findings 2020 paper

• Self-Motivated Communication Agent for Real-World Vision-Dialog Navigation
  ICCV 2021 paper

• TEACh: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chat
  arXiv 2021 paper

• A Framework for Learning to Request Rich and Contextually Useful Information from Humans
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Speaker-Follower Models for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  NeurIPS 2018 paper

• Multi-modal Discriminative Model for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  SpLU&RoboNLP Workshop 2019 paper

• Transferable Representation Learning in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ICCV 2019 paper

• Learning to Navigate Unseen Environments: Back Translation with Environmental Dropout
  NAACL 2019 paper

• Learning to Navigate Unseen Environments: Back Translation with Environmental Dropout
  NAACL 2019 paper

• Counterfactual Vision-and-Language Navigation via Adversarial Path Sampling
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Counterfactual vision-and-language navigation: Unravelling the unseen
  NeurIPS 2020 paper

• Multimodal Text Style Transfer for Outdoor Vision-and-Language Navigation
  EACL 2021 paper

• Vision-Language Navigation with Random Environmental Mixup
  ICCV 2021 paper

• On the Evaluation of Vision-and-Language Navigation Instructions
  EACL 2021 paper

• EnvEdit: Environment Editing for Vision-and-Language Navigation CVPR 2022 paper

• BabyWalk: Going Farther in Vision-and-Language Navigation by Taking Baby Steps
  ACL 2020 paper

• Curriculum Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  NeurIPS 2021 paper

• Environment-agnostic Multitask Learning for Natural Language Grounded Navigation
  ECCV 2020 paper

• Embodied Multimodal Multitask Learning
  IJCAI 2020 paper

• Multi-View Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  arXiv 2020 paper

• Sub-Instruction Aware Vision-and-Language Navigation
  EMNLP 2020 paper

• Look wide and interpret twice: Improving performance on interactive instructionfollowing tasks
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Reinforced Cross-Modal Matching and Self-Supervised Imitation Learning for Vision-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2019 paper

• Learning to Navigate Unseen Environments: Back Translation with Environmental Dropout
  NAACL 2019 paper

• Are You Looking? Grounding to Multiple Modalities in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  ACL 2019 paper

• Counterfactual Vision-and-Language Navigation: Unravelling the Unseen
  NeurIPS 2020 paper

• Counterfactual Vision-and-Language Navigation via Adversarial Path Sampling
  CVPR 2020 paper

• Topological Planning with Transformers for Vision-and-Language Navigation
  CVPR 2021 paper

• Rethinking the Spatial Route Prior in Vision-and-Language Navigation
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Learning to follow navigational directions
  ACL 2010 paper

• Learning to interpret natural language navigation instructions from observations
  AAAI 2011 paper

• Run through the streets: A new dataset and baseline models for realistic urban navigation
  EMNLP 2019 paper

• Walk the talk: Connecting language, knowledge, and action in route instructions
  AAAI 2006 paper

• Learning to Interpret Natural Language Navigation Instructions from Observations
  AAAI 2011 paper

• Learning to Map Natural Language Instructions to Physical Quadcopter Control using Simulated Flight
  PMLR 2020 paper

• Target-driven visual navigation in indoor scenes using deep reinforcement learning
  ICRA 2017 paper

• Learning to navigate
  MULEA 2019 paper

• Learning to navigate in cities without a map
  NeurIPS 2019 paper

• Deep Learning for Embodied Vision Navigation: A Survey
  arXiv 2021 paper

• Self-Supervised Object Goal Navigation with In-Situ Finetuning
  IROS 2023 paper video

@InProceedings{jing2022vln,
      title={Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions}, 
      author={Jing Gu and Eliana Stefani and Qi Wu and Jesse Thomason and Xin Eric Wang},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
      year = {2022}
}