- targets: Linebot + Django framework, database implementation.
- previous post: https://github.com/ycpranchu/linebot_django
- Django official document
Django 包含一個簡單而強大的 ORM（物件關聯對映），ORM 為生成和管理資料庫遷移提供支援。Django 支援許多現成的關聯式資料庫，例如 SQLite、PostgreSQL、MySQL 和 Oracle。換句話說，若使用的是關聯式資料庫，則由於 Django 具備內建的 ORM 和遷移管理工具，入門將更加容易。
- Each model is a Python class that subclasses django.db.models.Model.
- Each attribute of the model represents a database field.
- With all of this, Django gives you an automatically-generated database-access API.
舉例 Person 資料，屬性為 first_name 以及 last_name：
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)執行上述 Person model 將會創造一個資料表如下：
CREATE TABLE myapp_person (
"id" bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
"first_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL,
"last_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL
);同理，若我們想從 Linebot 中記錄用戶 ID 以及訊息內容：
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class user_message(models.Model):
uid = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=False, primary_key=True) # user id
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False) # LINE 名字
message = models.CharField(max_length=600, blank=True, null=False) # 文字訊息紀錄
time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) # 日期時間
def __str__(self):
return self.name # print the user name in terminaltime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)，當auto_now為True時，不僅意味著該欄位的預設值為當前時間，而是表示該欄位將被「強制」更新為當前時間，無法在程式中手動為該欄位賦值，且該欄位在管理員界面中是唯讀的。time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)，當auto_now_add為True时，會在 model 對象第一次被 create 时，將該欄位的值「強制」設定為 create 當下的時間，為 Read-Only。__str__(): A Python “magic method” that returns a string representation of any object. This is what Python and Django will use whenever a model instance needs to be coerced and displayed as a plain string. Most notably, this happens when you display an object in an interactive console or in the admin.
from models.py import the database table
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from example.models import *
class user_message_admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('uid', 'name', 'message', 'time')
admin.site.register(user_message, user_message_admin)python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
將 models.py 資料表匯入 views.py
from example.models import *修改 views.py 主要 codespace
if isinstance(event, MessageEvent):
uid = event.source.user_id
profile = line_bot_api.get_profile(uid)
name = profile.display_name
text = event.message.text
message=[]
if not user_message.objects.filter(uid=uid).exists():
user_message.objects.create(uid=uid, name=name, message=text)
message.append(TextSendMessage(text='資料新增完畢'))
else:
user_message.objects.filter(uid=uid, name=name).update(message=text, time=datetime.datetime.now())
# obj = user_message.objects.get(uid=uid)
# obj.message = text
# obj.save()
message.append(TextSendMessage(text='資料修改完畢'))
line_bot_api.reply_message(event.reply_token, message)登入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin，資料新增成功
操作經過 model 層，會自動更新 current time
obj = user_message.objects.get(uid=uid)
obj.message = text
obj.save()使用 filter 的 update，因為直接調用 sql 語法，不通過 model 層，需呼叫 datetime.datetime.now() 函式更新
user_message.objects.filter(uid=uid, name=name).update(message=text, time=datetime.datetime.now())
Table_name.objects.create(data=data)# return list
Table_name.objects.filter(data=data)
# return only one object
Table_name.objects.get(data=data)Table_name.objects.filter(data=data, name=name).update(text=new_text)Table_name.objects.filter(data=data).delete()
Table_name.objects.all().delete()
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