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jarkom-modul-4-e15-2023's Introduction

Jarkom-Modul-4-E15-2023

Kelompok E15
NRP Nama Anggota
5025211014 Alexander Weynard Samsico
5025211121 Frederick Yonatan Susanto

Topologi

Topologi awal yang diberikan sebagai berikut: image

Kita diminta untuk melakukan suatu konfigurasi subnetting dan routing pada topologi di atas dengan menggunakan metode

  • VLSM (GNS3)
  • CIDR (CPT)

Konfigurasi Awal

Pertama, kita melakukan penentuan subnet terlebih dahulu. Suatu subnet dapat ditentukan antara router sehingga kita mendapatkan subnet sebagai berikut subnet

Dari hasil ini dapat kita tuliskan dalam bentuk tabel yang disediakan oleh spreadsheet sebagai berikut

Nama Subnet Rute Jumlah IP Netmask
A1 Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion 1023 /21
A2 Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor 25 /27
A3 Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion 127 /24
A4 Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad 1001 /22
A5 Flamme-Fern 2 /30
A6 Frieren-Flamme 2 /30
A7 Aura-Frieren 2 /30
A8 Aura-Denken 2 /30
A9 Flamme-Himmel 2 /30
A10 Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte 3 /29
A11 Aura-Eisen 2 /30
A12 Eisen-Switch0-Stark 2 /30
A13 Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains 6 /29
A14 Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter 31 /26
A15 Linie-Lawine 2 /30
A16 Eisen-Linie 2 /30
A17 Eisen-Lugner 2 /30
A18 Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion 1001 /22
A19 Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon 512 /22
A20 Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel 255 /23
A21 Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest 251 /24
Total 4255 /19

Penjelasan:

  • Jumlah IP didapatkan melalui jumlah host + router
  • Netmask didapatkan melalui netmask mana yang dapat menampung jumlah IP tersebut

Kemudian untuk mendapatkan pembagian IP, kita akan menggunakan dua metode tersebut

VLSM

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) merupakan teknik di mana netmask akan diberikan sesuai kebutuhan jumlah alamat IP dari subnet tersebut. Jadi besar netmask disesuaikan dengan host yang membutuhkan alamat IP.

  1. Melakukan pembagian rute

Sebelumnya, kita sudah melakukan pembagian rute dari topologi di atas. Kita mendapatkan total kebutuhan ada 4255 IP yang di mana netmask yang diperlukan adalah /19 (max = 8190)

subnet

Nama Subnet Rute Jumlah IP Netmask
A1 Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion 1023 /21
A2 Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor 25 /27
A3 Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion 127 /24
A4 Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad 1001 /22
A5 Flamme-Fern 2 /30
A6 Frieren-Flamme 2 /30
A7 Aura-Frieren 2 /30
A8 Aura-Denken 2 /30
A9 Flamme-Himmel 2 /30
A10 Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte 3 /29
A11 Aura-Eisen 2 /30
A12 Eisen-Switch0-Stark 2 /30
A13 Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains 6 /29
A14 Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter 31 /26
A15 Linie-Lawine 2 /30
A16 Eisen-Linie 2 /30
A17 Eisen-Lugner 2 /30
A18 Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion 1001 /22
A19 Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon 512 /22
A20 Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel 255 /23
A21 Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest 251 /24
Total 4255 /19
  1. Pembagian IP

Pembagian IP dilakukan dengan menggunakan pohon berdasarkan NID dan netmask. Karena netmask yang diperlukan untuk semua IP adalah /19, kita mulai dengan NID 10.44.0.0/19

E15-VLSM-Tree

Penjelasan:

  • Kita melakukan subnetting pembagian IP mulai dari yang terkecil terlebih dahulu (/30) sampai dengan yang terbesar yaitu /21.
  1. Subnet

Dari pohon itu, kita mendapatkan pembagian IP sebagai berikut

Subnet Network ID Netmask Broadcast
A1 10.44.24.0 255.255.248.0 10.44.31.255
A2 10.44.0.64 255.255.255.224 10.44.0.95
A3 10.44.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.44.1.255
A4 10.44.8.0 255.255.252.0 10.44.11.255
A5 10.44.0.0 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.3
A6 10.44.0.4 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.7
A7 10.44.0.8 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.11
A8 10.44.0.12 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.15
A9 10.44.0.16 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.19
A10 10.44.0.40 255.255.255.248 10.44.0.47
A11 10.44.0.20 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.23
A12 10.44.0.24 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.27
A13 10.44.0.48 255.255.255.248 10.44.0.55
A14 10.44.0.128 255.255.255.192 10.44.0.191
A15 10.44.0.28 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.31
A16 10.44.0.32 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.35
A17 10.44.0.36 255.255.255.252 10.44.0.39
A18 10.44.12.0 255.255.252.0 10.44.15.255
A19 10.44.16.0 255.255.252.0 10.44.19.255
A20 10.44.4.0 255.255.254.0 10.44.5.255
A21 10.44.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.44.2.255
  1. Setup GNS3

Setelah pembagian IP sudah siap, kita dapat melakukan konfigurasi pada GNS3.

Pertama, kita membuat topologi pada GNS3

image

Dengan pembagian IP subnet yang sudah dilakukan, kita dapat melakukan assign IP pada interface (Network Configuration) sesuai pada pembagian di atas

Aura

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.13
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.0.9
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
	address 10.44.0.21
	netmask 255.255.255.252

Frieren

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.10
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.9

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.5
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.0.65
	netmask 255.255.255.224

Flamme

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.6
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.5

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.1
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.0.17
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
	address 10.44.8.1
	netmask 255.255.252.0

LakeKorridor

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.66
	netmask 255.255.255.224
	gateway 10.44.0.65

Fern

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.2
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.1


# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.24.1
	netmask 255.255.248.0

Himmel

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.18
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.17


# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.49
	netmask 255.255.255.248

LaubHills

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.24.2
	netmask 255.255.248.0
	gateway 10.44.24.1

AppetitRegion

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.24.3
	netmask 255.255.248.0
	gateway 10.44.24.1

RohrRoad

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.8.2
	netmask 255.255.252.0
	gateway 10.44.8.1

SchwerMountains

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.50
	netmask 255.255.255.248
	gateway 10.44.0.49

Denken

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.14
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.13


# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.1.1
	netmask 255.255.255.0

RoyalCapital

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.1.2
	netmask 255.255.255.0
	gateway 10.44.1.1

WilleRegion

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.1.3
	netmask 255.255.255.0
	gateway 10.44.1.1

Eisen

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.22
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.21


# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.33
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.0.37
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
	address 10.44.0.25
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth4
auto eth4
iface eth4 inet static
	address 10.44.0.41
	netmask 255.255.255.248

Richter

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.42
	netmask 255.255.255.248
	gateway 10.44.0.41

Revolte

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.43
	netmask 255.255.255.248
	gateway 10.44.0.41

Stark

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.26
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.25

Linie

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.34
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.33


# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.29
	netmask 255.255.255.252

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.4.1
	netmask 255.255.254.0

GranzChannel

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.4.2
	netmask 255.255.254.0
	gateway 10.44.4.1

Lawine

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.30
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.29

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.0.129
	netmask 255.255.255.192

BredtRegion

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.131
	netmask 255.255.255.192
	gateway 10.44.0.129

Heiter

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.130
	netmask 255.255.255.192
	gateway 10.44.0.129

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.16.1
	netmask 255.255.252.0

Sein

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.16.2
	netmask 255.255.252.0
	gateway 10.44.16.1

RiegelCanyon

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.16.3
	netmask 255.255.252.0
	gateway 10.44.16.1

Lugner

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.0.38
	netmask 255.255.255.252
	gateway 10.44.0.37

# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
	address 10.44.12.1
	netmask 255.255.252.0

# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
	address 10.44.2.1
	netmask 255.255.255.0

TurkRegion

# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.12.2
	netmask 255.255.252.0
	gateway 10.44.12.1

GrobeForest

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 10.44.2.2
	netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 10.44.2.1
  1. Routing

Routing dilakukan agar router dapat mengenal NID-NID melalui tetangga routernya. Berikut merupakan konfigurasi routingnya

Aura

route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.64 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.8.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.16 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.14
route add -net 10.44.0.40 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.24 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.28 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.32 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.4.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.36 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.12.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.22

Frieren

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.9
route add -net 10.44.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.0.16 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.8.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.6

Flamme

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.5
route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.2
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.18

Fern

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.1

Himmel

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.17

Denken

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.13

Eisen

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.21
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.0.28 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.4.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.12.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.38
route add -net 10.44.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.38

Lugner

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.37

Linie

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.33
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.30
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.30

Lawien

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.29
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.130

Heiter

route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.129

Result

Testing dilakukan dengan melakukan ping ke IP tujuan. Berikut beberapa testing yang dilakukan

  • AppetitRegion(625 Host) ping ke GranzChannel(254 Host)

image

  • RiegelCanyon(510 Host) ping ke Denken

image

  • Fern ping ke TurkRegion(1000host)

image

  • Himmel ping ke Linie

image

  • RoyalCapital(63 Host) ping ke Sein

image

  • Sein ping ke Ricther

image

  • Heiter ping ke Stark

image

JarkomModul4VLSM.mp4

CIDR

CIDR, atau Classless Inter-Domain Routing, adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penanganan alamat IP untuk meningkatkan efisiensi alokasi ruang alamat dan rute di Internet. Sistem tradisional pengalamatan IP mengandalkan kelas, seperti Kelas A, B, dan C, yang seringkali menyebabkan penggunaan ruang alamat yang tidak efisien. CIDR, diperkenalkan pada tahun 1990-an, memungkinkan pendekatan yang lebih fleksibel dan scalable. Dalam CIDR, alamat IP tidak lagi terikat secara ketat pada kelas yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya; sebaliknya, notasi panjang awalan digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah bit yang signifikan dalam bagian jaringan alamat. Hal ini memungkinkan alokasi alamat IP yang lebih terperinci, mengurangi pemborosan alamat dan memudahkan alokasi berdasarkan kebutuhan jaringan yang sebenarnya.

Penggabungan Subnet

Inilah pengaturan subnet awal yang akan kita gunakan untuk penggabungan subnet.

Kondisi Subnet Awal :

subnet

Nama Subnet Rute Jumlah IP Netmask
A1 Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion 1023 /21
A2 Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor 25 /27
A3 Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion 127 /24
A4 Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad 1001 /22
A5 Flamme-Fern 2 /30
A6 Frieren-Flamme 2 /30
A7 Aura-Frieren 2 /30
A8 Aura-Denken 2 /30
A9 Flamme-Himmel 2 /30
A10 Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte 3 /29
A11 Aura-Eisen 2 /30
A12 Eisen-Switch0-Stark 2 /30
A13 Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains 6 /29
A14 Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter 31 /26
A15 Linie-Lawine 2 /30
A16 Eisen-Linie 2 /30
A17 Eisen-Lugner 2 /30
A18 Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion 1001 /22
A19 Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon 512 /22
A20 Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel 255 /23
A21 Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest 251 /24
Total 4255 /19

Posisi Awal Subnet (Dalam bentuk tree)

image

Penggabungan Pertama

image

image

Penggabungan Kedua

image

image

Penggabungan Ketiga

image

image

Penggabungan Keempat

image

image

Penggabungan Kelima

image

image

Penggabungan Keenam

image

image

Penggabungan Ketujuh

image

image

Penggabungan Kedelapan

image

image

Tree

Setelah proses penggabungan subnet selesai, langkah selanjutnya adalah membagi alamat IP dengan menggunakan struktur pohon pada setiap kelompok yang telah dibentuk sebelumnya, seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.

E15-CIDR-Tree

Pembagian IP

Inilah output dari pembagian alamat IP berdasarkan struktur pohon yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya.

image

Routing

Router Aura

image image

Router Frieren

image

Router Flamme

image

Router Fern

image

Router Himmel

image

Router Denken

image

Router Eisen

image

Router Lugner

image

Router Linie

image

Router Lawine

image

Router Heiter

image

Result

image image

Result.CIDR.-.Cisco.mp4

Kendala

Mengalami kesulitan dan membutuhkan waktu lama untuk melakukan perhitungan CIDR. Seiring berjalan waktu, semakin memahami perhitungan tersebut.

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