Kelompok E15 | |
---|---|
NRP | Nama Anggota |
5025211014 | Alexander Weynard Samsico |
5025211121 | Frederick Yonatan Susanto |
Topologi awal yang diberikan sebagai berikut:
Kita diminta untuk melakukan suatu konfigurasi subnetting dan routing pada topologi di atas dengan menggunakan metode
- VLSM (GNS3)
- CIDR (CPT)
Pertama, kita melakukan penentuan subnet terlebih dahulu. Suatu subnet dapat ditentukan antara router sehingga kita mendapatkan subnet sebagai berikut
Dari hasil ini dapat kita tuliskan dalam bentuk tabel yang disediakan oleh spreadsheet sebagai berikut
Nama Subnet | Rute | Jumlah IP | Netmask |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion | 1023 | /21 |
A2 | Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor | 25 | /27 |
A3 | Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion | 127 | /24 |
A4 | Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad | 1001 | /22 |
A5 | Flamme-Fern | 2 | /30 |
A6 | Frieren-Flamme | 2 | /30 |
A7 | Aura-Frieren | 2 | /30 |
A8 | Aura-Denken | 2 | /30 |
A9 | Flamme-Himmel | 2 | /30 |
A10 | Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte | 3 | /29 |
A11 | Aura-Eisen | 2 | /30 |
A12 | Eisen-Switch0-Stark | 2 | /30 |
A13 | Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains | 6 | /29 |
A14 | Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter | 31 | /26 |
A15 | Linie-Lawine | 2 | /30 |
A16 | Eisen-Linie | 2 | /30 |
A17 | Eisen-Lugner | 2 | /30 |
A18 | Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion | 1001 | /22 |
A19 | Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon | 512 | /22 |
A20 | Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel | 255 | /23 |
A21 | Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest | 251 | /24 |
Total | 4255 | /19 |
Penjelasan:
- Jumlah IP didapatkan melalui jumlah host + router
- Netmask didapatkan melalui netmask mana yang dapat menampung jumlah IP tersebut
Kemudian untuk mendapatkan pembagian IP, kita akan menggunakan dua metode tersebut
VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) merupakan teknik di mana netmask akan diberikan sesuai kebutuhan jumlah alamat IP dari subnet tersebut. Jadi besar netmask disesuaikan dengan host yang membutuhkan alamat IP.
- Melakukan pembagian rute
Sebelumnya, kita sudah melakukan pembagian rute dari topologi di atas. Kita mendapatkan total kebutuhan ada 4255 IP yang di mana netmask yang diperlukan adalah /19 (max = 8190)
Nama Subnet | Rute | Jumlah IP | Netmask |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion | 1023 | /21 |
A2 | Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor | 25 | /27 |
A3 | Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion | 127 | /24 |
A4 | Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad | 1001 | /22 |
A5 | Flamme-Fern | 2 | /30 |
A6 | Frieren-Flamme | 2 | /30 |
A7 | Aura-Frieren | 2 | /30 |
A8 | Aura-Denken | 2 | /30 |
A9 | Flamme-Himmel | 2 | /30 |
A10 | Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte | 3 | /29 |
A11 | Aura-Eisen | 2 | /30 |
A12 | Eisen-Switch0-Stark | 2 | /30 |
A13 | Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains | 6 | /29 |
A14 | Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter | 31 | /26 |
A15 | Linie-Lawine | 2 | /30 |
A16 | Eisen-Linie | 2 | /30 |
A17 | Eisen-Lugner | 2 | /30 |
A18 | Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion | 1001 | /22 |
A19 | Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon | 512 | /22 |
A20 | Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel | 255 | /23 |
A21 | Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest | 251 | /24 |
Total | 4255 | /19 |
- Pembagian IP
Pembagian IP dilakukan dengan menggunakan pohon berdasarkan NID dan netmask. Karena netmask yang diperlukan untuk semua IP adalah /19, kita mulai dengan NID 10.44.0.0/19
Penjelasan:
- Kita melakukan subnetting pembagian IP mulai dari yang terkecil terlebih dahulu (/30) sampai dengan yang terbesar yaitu /21.
- Subnet
Dari pohon itu, kita mendapatkan pembagian IP sebagai berikut
Subnet | Network ID | Netmask | Broadcast |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 10.44.24.0 | 255.255.248.0 | 10.44.31.255 |
A2 | 10.44.0.64 | 255.255.255.224 | 10.44.0.95 |
A3 | 10.44.1.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 10.44.1.255 |
A4 | 10.44.8.0 | 255.255.252.0 | 10.44.11.255 |
A5 | 10.44.0.0 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.3 |
A6 | 10.44.0.4 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.7 |
A7 | 10.44.0.8 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.11 |
A8 | 10.44.0.12 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.15 |
A9 | 10.44.0.16 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.19 |
A10 | 10.44.0.40 | 255.255.255.248 | 10.44.0.47 |
A11 | 10.44.0.20 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.23 |
A12 | 10.44.0.24 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.27 |
A13 | 10.44.0.48 | 255.255.255.248 | 10.44.0.55 |
A14 | 10.44.0.128 | 255.255.255.192 | 10.44.0.191 |
A15 | 10.44.0.28 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.31 |
A16 | 10.44.0.32 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.35 |
A17 | 10.44.0.36 | 255.255.255.252 | 10.44.0.39 |
A18 | 10.44.12.0 | 255.255.252.0 | 10.44.15.255 |
A19 | 10.44.16.0 | 255.255.252.0 | 10.44.19.255 |
A20 | 10.44.4.0 | 255.255.254.0 | 10.44.5.255 |
A21 | 10.44.2.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 10.44.2.255 |
- Setup GNS3
Setelah pembagian IP sudah siap, kita dapat melakukan konfigurasi pada GNS3.
Pertama, kita membuat topologi pada GNS3
Dengan pembagian IP subnet yang sudah dilakukan, kita dapat melakukan assign IP pada interface (Network Configuration) sesuai pada pembagian di atas
Aura
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.13
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.0.9
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
address 10.44.0.21
netmask 255.255.255.252
Frieren
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.9
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.5
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.0.65
netmask 255.255.255.224
Flamme
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.6
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.5
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.0.17
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
address 10.44.8.1
netmask 255.255.252.0
LakeKorridor
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.66
netmask 255.255.255.224
gateway 10.44.0.65
Fern
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.1
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.24.1
netmask 255.255.248.0
Himmel
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.18
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.17
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.49
netmask 255.255.255.248
LaubHills
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.24.2
netmask 255.255.248.0
gateway 10.44.24.1
AppetitRegion
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.24.3
netmask 255.255.248.0
gateway 10.44.24.1
RohrRoad
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.8.2
netmask 255.255.252.0
gateway 10.44.8.1
SchwerMountains
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.50
netmask 255.255.255.248
gateway 10.44.0.49
Denken
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.14
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.13
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
RoyalCapital
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.44.1.1
WilleRegion
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.44.1.1
Eisen
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.22
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.21
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.33
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.0.37
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth3
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
address 10.44.0.25
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth4
auto eth4
iface eth4 inet static
address 10.44.0.41
netmask 255.255.255.248
Richter
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.42
netmask 255.255.255.248
gateway 10.44.0.41
Revolte
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.43
netmask 255.255.255.248
gateway 10.44.0.41
Stark
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.26
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.25
Linie
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.34
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.33
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.29
netmask 255.255.255.252
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.4.1
netmask 255.255.254.0
GranzChannel
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.4.2
netmask 255.255.254.0
gateway 10.44.4.1
Lawine
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.30
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.29
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.0.129
netmask 255.255.255.192
BredtRegion
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.131
netmask 255.255.255.192
gateway 10.44.0.129
Heiter
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.130
netmask 255.255.255.192
gateway 10.44.0.129
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.16.1
netmask 255.255.252.0
Sein
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.16.2
netmask 255.255.252.0
gateway 10.44.16.1
RiegelCanyon
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.16.3
netmask 255.255.252.0
gateway 10.44.16.1
Lugner
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.0.38
netmask 255.255.255.252
gateway 10.44.0.37
# Static config for eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.44.12.1
netmask 255.255.252.0
# Static config for eth2
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.44.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
TurkRegion
# Static config for eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.12.2
netmask 255.255.252.0
gateway 10.44.12.1
GrobeForest
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.44.2.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.44.2.1
- Routing
Routing dilakukan agar router dapat mengenal NID-NID melalui tetangga routernya. Berikut merupakan konfigurasi routingnya
Aura
route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.64 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.8.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.0.16 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.10
route add -net 10.44.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.14
route add -net 10.44.0.40 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.24 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.28 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.32 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.4.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.0.36 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.12.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.22
route add -net 10.44.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.22
Frieren
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.9
route add -net 10.44.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.0.16 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.8.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.6
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.6
Flamme
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.5
route add -net 10.44.24.0 netmask 255.255.248.0 gw 10.44.0.2
route add -net 10.44.0.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.44.0.18
Fern
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.1
Himmel
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.17
Denken
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.13
Eisen
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.21
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.0.28 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.4.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 gw 10.44.0.34
route add -net 10.44.12.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.38
route add -net 10.44.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.44.0.38
Lugner
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.37
Linie
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.33
route add -net 10.44.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 10.44.0.30
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.30
Lawien
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.29
route add -net 10.44.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.44.0.130
Heiter
route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 10.44.0.129
Testing dilakukan dengan melakukan ping ke IP tujuan. Berikut beberapa testing yang dilakukan
- AppetitRegion(625 Host) ping ke GranzChannel(254 Host)
- RiegelCanyon(510 Host) ping ke Denken
- Fern ping ke TurkRegion(1000host)
- Himmel ping ke Linie
- RoyalCapital(63 Host) ping ke Sein
- Sein ping ke Ricther
- Heiter ping ke Stark
JarkomModul4VLSM.mp4
CIDR, atau Classless Inter-Domain Routing, adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penanganan alamat IP untuk meningkatkan efisiensi alokasi ruang alamat dan rute di Internet. Sistem tradisional pengalamatan IP mengandalkan kelas, seperti Kelas A, B, dan C, yang seringkali menyebabkan penggunaan ruang alamat yang tidak efisien. CIDR, diperkenalkan pada tahun 1990-an, memungkinkan pendekatan yang lebih fleksibel dan scalable. Dalam CIDR, alamat IP tidak lagi terikat secara ketat pada kelas yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya; sebaliknya, notasi panjang awalan digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah bit yang signifikan dalam bagian jaringan alamat. Hal ini memungkinkan alokasi alamat IP yang lebih terperinci, mengurangi pemborosan alamat dan memudahkan alokasi berdasarkan kebutuhan jaringan yang sebenarnya.
Inilah pengaturan subnet awal yang akan kita gunakan untuk penggabungan subnet.
Nama Subnet | Rute | Jumlah IP | Netmask |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | Fern-Switch4-LaubHills-Switch4-AppetitRegion | 1023 | /21 |
A2 | Frieren-Switch3-LakeKorridor | 25 | /27 |
A3 | Denken-Switch2-RoyalCapital-Switch2-WilleRegion | 127 | /24 |
A4 | Flamme-Switch5-RohrRoad | 1001 | /22 |
A5 | Flamme-Fern | 2 | /30 |
A6 | Frieren-Flamme | 2 | /30 |
A7 | Aura-Frieren | 2 | /30 |
A8 | Aura-Denken | 2 | /30 |
A9 | Flamme-Himmel | 2 | /30 |
A10 | Eisen-Switch1-Richter-Switch1-Revolte | 3 | /29 |
A11 | Aura-Eisen | 2 | /30 |
A12 | Eisen-Switch0-Stark | 2 | /30 |
A13 | Himmel-Switch6-SchwerMountains | 6 | /29 |
A14 | Lawine-Switch7-BredRegion-Switch7-Heiter | 31 | /26 |
A15 | Linie-Lawine | 2 | /30 |
A16 | Eisen-Linie | 2 | /30 |
A17 | Eisen-Lugner | 2 | /30 |
A18 | Lugner-Switch10-TurkRegion | 1001 | /22 |
A19 | Heiter-Switch8-Sein-Switch8-RiegelCanyon | 512 | /22 |
A20 | Linie-Switch11-GranzChannel | 255 | /23 |
A21 | Lugner-Switch9-GrobeForest | 251 | /24 |
Total | 4255 | /19 |
Setelah proses penggabungan subnet selesai, langkah selanjutnya adalah membagi alamat IP dengan menggunakan struktur pohon pada setiap kelompok yang telah dibentuk sebelumnya, seperti pada gambar di bawah ini.
Inilah output dari pembagian alamat IP berdasarkan struktur pohon yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya.
Result.CIDR.-.Cisco.mp4
Mengalami kesulitan dan membutuhkan waktu lama untuk melakukan perhitungan CIDR. Seiring berjalan waktu, semakin memahami perhitungan tersebut.