A Simple PHP Roman Numerals Library
This library includes a simple couple of filters to convert a string with
Roman number to an int that represents the input as decimal and decimal int
to a string with Roman number as result.
use Romans\Filter\RomanToInt;
$filter = new RomanToInt();
$result = $filter->filter('MCMXCIX'); // 1999use Romans\Filter\IntToRoman;
$filter = new IntToRoman();
$result = $filter->filter(1999); // MCMXCIXThis package uses
Composer as default
repository. You can install it adding the name of package in require section
of composer.json, pointing to the last stable version.
{
"require": {
"wandersonwhcr/romans": "^1.0"
}
}Also, Romans uses Semantic Versioning. The following package versions support these PHP releases:
- Romans
1.0.*: PHP^7.0(Augustus) - Romans
1.1.*: PHP^7.0(Tiberius) - Romans
1.2.*: PHP>=7.4(Caligula) - Romans
1.3.*: PHP>=7.4(Claudius) - Romans
1.4.*: PHP>=7.4(Nero) - Romans
1.5.*: PHP>=8.0(Galba)
This library can be used as dependency for projects, making integrations with libraries or frameworks easier. If you want to add more items in this list, please, open an issue or create a pull request, adding your project alphabetically.
- Illuminate Romans: Laravel Illuminate Romans Integration
- Kirby Romans: Kirby CMS Integration
- Laminas Romans: Laminas Project Romans Integration
- Plates Romans Extension: Plates Extension
- Twig Roman Numerals Extension: Twig Extension (Symfony, WordPress + Timber)
Zend Romans: Zend Framework Romans IntegrationDEPRECATED
The Romans package uses a Lexer-Parser approach and a Deterministic Finite
Automaton (DFA) to convert Roman number to int, using a Grammar Token library.
use Romans\Grammar\Grammar;
use Romans\Lexer\Lexer;
use Romans\Parser\Parser;
$grammar = new Grammar();
$lexer = new Lexer($grammar);
$parser = new Parser($grammar);
$tokens = $lexer->tokenize('MCMXCIX');
/*
$tokens = [
0 => 'M' // Grammar::T_M
1 => 'C', // Grammar::T_C
2 => 'M', // Grammar::T_M
3 => 'X', // Grammar::T_X
4 => 'C', // Grammar::T_C
5 => 'I', // Grammar::T_I
6 => 'X', // Grammar::T_X
];
*/
$result = $parser->parse($tokens); // 1999The filter RomanToInt uses Lexer to tokenize the input and Parser to build the
int number. When errors are found, the Lexer or Parser throw Exceptions to
notify the problem with a specific code.
use Romans\Filter\RomanToInt;
use Romans\Lexer\Exception as LexerException;
use Romans\Parser\Exception as ParserException;
$filter = new RomanToInt();
try {
$filter->filter($input);
} catch (LexerException $e) {
// Unknown Token (LexerException::UNKNOWN_TOKEN)
} catch (ParserException $e) {
// Invalid Token Type (Not String) (ParserException::INVALID_TOKEN_TYPE)
// Unknown Token (ParserException::UNKNOWN_TOKEN)
// Invalid Roman (ParserException::INVALID_ROMAN)
}You can use this structure to validate Roman numbers, adding a try..catch
block to check if $input is valid. Also, you can validate if an int can be
filtered to Roman using an IntToRoman filter.
use Romans\Filter\IntToRoman;
use Romans\Filter\Exception as FilterException;
$filter = new IntToRoman();
try {
$filter->filter($input);
} catch (FilterException $e) {
// Invalid Integer (< 0) (FilterException::INVALID_INTEGER)
}The zero value is represented as string "N", the initial of nulla or
nihil, the Latin word for "nothing" (see references).
use Romans\Filter\RomanToInt;
use Romans\Filter\IntToRoman;
$filter = new RomanToInt();
$result = $filter->filter('N'); // 0 (Zero)
$filter = new IntToRoman();
$result = $filter->filter(0); // NThis package uses PSR-6 Caching Interface
to improve execution, mainly over loops (like while or foreach) using cache
libraries. Any PSR-6 implementation can be used and we suggest
Symfony Cache package.
use Romans\Filter\IntToRoman;
use Romans\Filter\RomanToInt;
use Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\ArrayAdapter;
$cache = new ArrayAdapter();
$filter = new RomanToInt();
$filter->setCache($cache);
$result = $filter->filter('MCMXCIX'); // 1999
$result = $filter->filter('MCMXCIX'); // 1999 (from cache)
$filter = new IntToRoman();
$filter->setCache($cache);
$result = $filter->filter(1999); // MCMXCIX
$result = $filter->filter(1999); // MCMXCIX (from cache)You can use Docker Compose to build an image and run a container to develop and test this package.
docker-compose build
docker-compose run --rm romans composer install
docker-compose run --rm romans composer testThis section describes techniques used by this package to convert Roman numbers
into int and vice-versa.
A Lexer-Parser approach was chosen because the validating and reading of Roman
numbers are more simplified: the Lexer is responsible for reading and transform
the input into tokens, validating content at char level; and the Parser is
responsible for transform tokens into numbers, validating content at position
level and converting to int through a DFA.
Wikipedia says that "lexical analysis is the process of converting a sequence of characters into a sequence of tokens", that "is a structure representing a lexeme that explicity indicates its categorization for the purpose of parsing". Even, Wikipedia says that "parsing or syntax analysis is the process of analysing symbols conforming to the rules of a formal grammar".
This structure makes easier the development of a structure responsible to read
an input string, converting it to another structure according to specific
charset and its position inside input.
A DFA was developed to check if a string with Roman number is valid. This
technique was choiced because other implementations simply convert the input
without checking rules, like four chars sequentially.
The current automaton definition is declared below.
M = (Q, Σ, δ, q0, F)
Q = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, y, z }
Σ = { I, V, X, L, C, D, M, N }
q0 = g
F = { z }
z -> ε
y -> $z
a -> y | Iy | IIy | IIIy
b -> a | IVy | Va | IXy
c -> b | Xb | XXb | XXXb
d -> c | XLb | Lc | XCb
e -> d | Cd | CCd | CCCd
f -> e | CDd | De | CMd
g -> f | Ny | Mg
- Rapid Tables: How to Convert Roman Numerals to Numbers
- Wikipedia: Zero in Roman Numerals
- Wikipedia: Lexical Analysis
- Wikipedia: Parsing
- Wikipedia: Deterministic Finite Automaton
This package is opensource and available under MIT license described in LICENSE.
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