QUARK is a simple dual-stack CPU instruction set architecture (ISA) that can be extended.
QUARK uses Head-and-tail instruction format, described in Hedi01
QUARK has integer data-path width 16, 32, 64 or 128. (isa16, isa32, isa64, isa128)
It has two stack units data stack (DS) and return stack (RS) of base width and configurable depth.
Each instruction has 4-bit Head part that defines following side effects:
- Stack effect (DS and RS) change of the stack depth and marked position
- Load / Store effect
- Control flow change (branch)
- Size of
Tail
Each instruction has 4, 8, 16 or 32 bit Tail.
The following table describes
| N | name | description | tail | tail | DS | RS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | LIT4 | push literal to DS | 4 | imm4 | ( -- n ) | |
| 1 | LIT8 | --//-- | 8 | imm8 | ( -- n ) | |
| 2 | LIT16 | --//-- | 16 | imm16 | ( -- n ) | |
| 3 | LIT32 | --//-- | 32 | imm32 | ( -- n ) | |
| 4 | BRANCH | branch | 4 | kind | ( addr -- ) | |
| 5 | ||||||
| 6 | ||||||
| 7 | CALL | subroutine call | ( addr -- ) | ( -- pc ) | ||
| 8 | LOAD | load from memory | 4 | load type | ( addr -- data ) | |
| 9 | PICK | copy Nth DS element | 4 | element number | ( -- n ) | |
| A | DUP | copy DS top | ( n -- n n ) | |||
| B | R> | move RS top -> DS | ( -- n ) | ( n -- ) | ||
| C | STORE | store to the memory | 4 | store type | ( data addr -- addr ) | |
| D | ALU | ALU operations | 4 | operation | ( a b -- c ) | |
| E | DROP | DS pop | ( n -- ) | |||
| F | >R | move DS top -> RS | ( n -- ) | ( -- n ) |
Sign extended immediate value that will be pushed into DS.
| N | name | description |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | JMP | unconditional |
| 1 | BDZ | second element of DS is equal 0 |
| 2 | DRZ | top element on RS is equal 0 |
| N | name | description |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | load8_s | load 1 byte with sign-extention |
| 1 | load8_u | load 1 byte zero extended |
| 2 | load16_s | load 2 bytes with sign-extention |
| 3 | load16_u | load 2 bytes zero extended |
| 4 | load32_s | load 4 bytes with sign-extention |
| 5 | load32_u | load 4 bytes zero extended |
| 6 | load64_s | load 8 bytes with sign-extention |
| 7 | load64_u | load 8 bytes zero extended |
| 8 | load128 | load 16 bytes |
isa16: 0 1 2
isa32: 0 1 2 3 4
isa64: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
isa128: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| N | name | description |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | store8 | store 1 byte |
| 1 | store16 | store 2 bytes |
| 2 | store32 | store 4 bytes |
| 3 | store64 | store 8 bytes |
| 4 | store128 | store 16 bytes |
isa16: 0 1
isa32: 0 1 2
isa64: 0 1 2 3
isa128: 0 1 2 3 4
| N | name | description |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | add | sign-agnostic addition |
| 1 | sub | sign-agnostic subtraction |
| 2 | ssub | swap and sign-agnostic subtraction |
| 3 | and | sign-agnostic bitwise and |
| 4 | or | sign-agnostic bitwise inclusive or |
| 5 | xor | sign-agnostic bitwise exclusive or |
| 6 | shl | sign-agnostic shift left |
| 7 | shr_u | zero-replicating (logical) shift right |
| 8 | shr_s | sign-replicating (arithmetic) shift right |
| 9 | rotl | sign-agnostic rotate left |
| 10 | rotr | sign-agnostic rotate right |
| mul | sign-agnostic multiplication | |
| div_s | signed division (result is truncated toward zero) | |
| div_u | unsigned division (result is floored) | |
| rem_s | signed remainder (result has the sign of the dividend) | |
| rem_u | unsigned remainder | |
| eq | sign-agnostic compare equal | |
| ne | sign-agnostic compare unequal | |
| lt_s | signed less than | |
| le_s | signed less than or equal | |
| lt_u | unsigned less than | |
| le_u | unsigned less than or equal | |
| gt_s | signed greater than | |
| ge_s | signed greater than or equal | |
| gt_u | unsigned greater than | |
| ge_u | unsigned greater than or equal | |
| clz | sign-agnostic count leading zero bits (All zero bits are considered leading if the value is zero) | |
| ctz | sign-agnostic count trailing zero bits (All zero bits are considered trailing if the value is zero) | |
| popcnt | sign-agnostic count number of one bits | |
| eqz | compare equal to zero (return 1 if operand is zero, 0 otherwise) |
- 0..15 head slots
- [63:4] head range
- 0..7 tail slots
- [63:16] tail range
- [63,59,55,51,47,..,23] (11) MSB positions
React
Typescript
Django
Laravel
Facebook
Microsoft
Google
Alibaba
D3
Tencent