This is a script, based upon unison, for syncing folders between computers. If you attach it to a cronjob or a system startup file, it can function similar to dropbox.

Below I run through how to install and use the script. Enjoy and don't hesitate to let me know how I can make it better!

In my code, I use unison-2.40. At the time it was the only version that I could acquire across platforms. That might have changed, but for the purposes of this tutorial we're going to stick with it!

To install unison-2.40 binaries on Ubuntu we need to reach back into the bowels of the Ubuntu package manager archive.

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/u/unison/unison_2.40.102-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb

We can then install the resulting .deb file, and check that it works via:

sudo dpkg -i unison_2.40.102-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
rm unison_2.40.102-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
which unison

which should return /usr/bin/unison. If so, splendid!

Note for Windows we've decided to only speak in terms of WSL (because it makes life oh so much simpler). But, if you're a hipster you may love CYGWIN. You can find some CYGWIN install instructions on the unison website.

For those Mac OSX users, unison binaries are also available through Homebrew are no longer available through Homebrew. You're now going to have to compile the source yourself (serves you right!).

git clone [email protected]:bcpierce00/unison.git
cd unison
git checkout unison-2.40
brew install ocaml

Then, according to this somewhat obscure github question we need to go to line 45 of unison/src/mkProjectInfo.ml and change

$Rev $

to

$Rev: 600$

Don't ask me why, I have no bloody idea. But, now we can proceed to compiling our beloved unison!

make UISTYLE=text
which unison

Here we tell it to make the text only version (non-GUI) and then check that it exists.

Whew, that was annoying, but hey, we're making progress despite having to drag you silly Mac users along!

If you're a hipster and want to install from unison-2.40 from source on Linux/WSL, just follow the Mac OSX instructions except sudo apt-get install ocaml instead of brew install ocaml.

If you want to install ocaml from source more power to you, but you're on your own from here on out buckaroo...

The .prf files are used to specify the folders and file paths to be synced, and also to specify options pertaining to the sync.

In my sample work.prf file you will first see:

# local, current computer root dir
root = /home/mylocalname/
# server root dir
root = ssh://myremotename@myserver//path/to/storage/area

This specifies the root file paths of the sync. This means that when unison syncs, it will sync the folders (Documents, Work, and Teaching specified later on) between /home/mylocalname and remotely on myremotename@myserver at /path/to/storage/area.

There are also some files that we really don't want to waste our time syncing. These are specified by ignore directives such as:

ignore = BelowPath .git
ignore = Name *.so
ignore = Name *.o

Here we say, "Don't sync anything below a .git folder, and don't sync anything of file type .so or .o." There are many types of files that you might want to ignore, and you can always add them here.

Here we specify a few different options:

perms=0: Don't transfer file permissions.

auto = true: Automatically accept non-conflicting changes.

silent = true: Print nothing except error messages.

times = true: Sync modification time stamps.

log = true: Keep a log file of updates.

logfile = /home/mylocalname/.unison/unison.log: Specified the location and name of the log file.

Finally, here is where we actually specify which folders below root that we actually want to sync.

path = Documents
path = Work
path = Teaching

To most easily use usync, I'd recommend copying it to your /usr/local/bin.

sudo cp usync /usr/local/bin
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/usync

Usage:
[-d]            Used to sync the Default file work.prf.
[-f] [FILENAME] Used to sync via a specified PRF file.
[-h]            Used to print flag options.

At the top of the usync file you will see the DEFAULT variable. You may change this to specify the .prf file used by default [-d].

With the -f option you can specify the .prf from which to sync on the fly.

Run the following and select your favorite editor (3 m'lord!). crontab -e

Then just add a line for your usync. For example, let's say we want it to sync our files everyday at 5AM using the work.prf file.

0 5 * * * usync -f work

Blamo! It's done, and your computer will now sync your stuff to your server every day at 5AM.

Odds are you'll probably want to keep using unison into the future, but if you do an apt-get upgrade on Ubuntu Linux/WSL unison will get upgraded to the latest version, which will break the system (unison doesn't work with
different versions in your sync cluster). To remedy this, we'll want to put unison on hold

sudo apt mark hold unison

If you installed unison from source, no package manager is managing it, so you don't need to worry about this.

If you're kinda new to Unix, you might be annoyed by having to enter your password each time unison syncs. Well that's too bad and you'll just have to get over it you lazy... just kidding.

I've fortunately made some handy-dandy scripts to help make managing ssh configurations easier. I haven't uploaded those yet, but soon! You can find these scripts here.

Now some might ask, "Ted, why do I need ssh management tools, I have two hands and a brain full of unbridled knowledge and zeal?" Well let me tell ya'. If you work on a lot of computers, it can become tedious to make an entry in the .ssh/config across all previous machines for each new machine. Additionally, you'll need to make ssh keys for each machine, and put them in the authorized_keys file on every other existing machine. Anyways, for the algorithmically minded I think the complexity becomes O(n^5) and that's just too much n for me, you know what I'm sayin'? I'm more of an O(n) or O(n^2) on a good day kinda guy.

For now, until I get that code uploaded check out these docs:

• Digital Ocean SSH Config Tutorial

For further information:

• The Unison Manual