These are notes from ISSYP, a theoretical physics summer school for high school students at Perimeter Institute.
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Day 1: Standard cosmological model, Gaussian random variables
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Day 2: Expanding universe, differential equations
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Day 3: Python intro, numerically integrating differential equations
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Day 4: Project
Here is a link for running small python notebooks online: http://tmpnb.org
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To start a new notebook, click "New" -> "Python 2"
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To save a notebook, I suggest first doing "Rename..." to give it a name other than "Untitled". Then do "File" -> "Download As" -> "Notebook (.ipynb)"
Note: On my apple laptop, the saved file ends up in the "Downloads" directory.
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To load an old notebook, go to tmpnb.org and do "Upload" instead of "New".
If you want to learn the python language more systematically, here is a nice online textbook! http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/