____ __ ___
| _ \ _ ___ _____ _ _\ \ / (_) _____ __
| |_) | | | \ \ /\ / / _ \ '__\ \ / /| |/ _ \ \ /\ / /
| __/| |_| |\ V V / __/ | \ V / | | __/\ V V /
|_| \__, | \_/\_/ \___|_| \_/ |_|\___| \_/\_/
|___/
A (partial) Python rewriting of PowerSploit's PowerView.
Fork me on GitHub.
As a pentester, I love using PowerView during my assignments. It makes it so easy to find vulnerable machines, or list what domain users were added to the local Administrators group of a machine, and much more.
However, running PowerView on a computer which is not connected to the domain
is a pain: I always find myself using mimikatz's
sekurlsa::pth to run a Powershell prompt with stolen domain credentials, and
that's not easy to script. Plus, I'm a Linux guy and I've always found it a
shame that there were no complete Windows/Active Directory enumeration tool on
Linux.
That's why I decided to rewrite some of PowerView's functionalities in Python, using the wonderful impacket library.
Update: I haven't tested the last version of PowerView yet, which can run from a machine not connected to a domain. I don't know if it works correctly under Linux using Powershell. If anyone has had any experience with this at all, you can contact me, I'm really interested. We'll see if pywerview has become obsoleted ;) but I think I'll continue working on it eitherway: I'd still rather use Python than Powershell on Linux, and I'm learning a lot! Plus, it may integrated in existing Linux tools written in Python. It's still great news that PowerView now supports machines not connected to the domain!
This tool is far from complete (as you'll see in the TODO section)! I still have a lot more awesome PowerView functionalities to implement (the user hunting functions, the GPO functions, the local process enumeration, etc.), but I still think it can be useful as is.
It's also (very) possible that there are (many) bugs in the code: I've only tested the simplest test cases. If you use this tool during an assignment and you get an error, please, open an issue with the error and the conditions that triggered this error.
Also, blah blah blah, don't use it for evil purposes.
- Python 3.6
- impacket >= 0.9.22
- ldap3 >= 2.8.1
- gssapi (Which requires
libkrb5-dev) - pycryptodomex (or pycryptodome)
If you like living on the bleeding edge, check out the development branch.
Here's the list of available commands:
$ ./pywerview.py --help
usage: pywerview.py [-h]
{get-adobject,get-objectowner,get-netgmsa,get-netsmsa,get-objectacl,get-netuser,get-netgroup,get-netcomputer,get-netdomaincontroller,get-netfileserver,get-dfsshare,get-netou,get-netsite,get-netsubnet,get-netdomaintrust,get-netgpo,get-netpso,get-domainpolicy,get-gpttmpl,get-netgpogroup,find-gpocomputeradmin,find-gpolocation,get-netgroupmember,get-netsession,get-localdisks,get-netdomain,get-netshare,get-netloggedon,get-netlocalgroup,invoke-checklocaladminaccess,get-netprocess,get-userevent,invoke-userhunter,invoke-processhunter,invoke-eventhunter}
...
Rewriting of some PowerView's functionalities in Python
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Subcommands:
Available subcommands
{get-adobject,get-objectowner,get-netgmsa,get-netsmsa,get-objectacl,get-netuser,get-netgroup,get-netcomputer,get-netdomaincontroller,get-netfileserver,get-dfsshare,get-netou,get-netsite,get-netsubnet,get-netdomaintrust,get-netgpo,get-netpso,get-domainpolicy,get-gpttmpl,get-netgpogroup,find-gpocomputeradmin,find-gpolocation,get-netgroupmember,get-netsession,get-localdisks,get-netdomain,get-netshare,get-netloggedon,get-netlocalgroup,invoke-checklocaladminaccess,get-netprocess,get-userevent,invoke-userhunter,invoke-processhunter,invoke-eventhunter}
get-adobject Takes a domain SID, samAccountName or name, and return the associated object
get-objectowner Takes a domain SID, samAccountName or name, and return the associated object owner
get-netgmsa Returns a list of all the gMSA of the specified domain. To retrieve passwords, you need a privileged account and a TLS connection to the LDAP server (use the --tls switch).
get-netsmsa Returns a list of all the sMSA of the specified domain.
get-objectacl Takes a domain SID, samAccountName or name, and return the ACL of the associated object
get-netuser Queries information about a domain user
get-netgroup Get a list of all current domain groups, or a list of groups a domain user is member of
get-netcomputer Queries informations about domain computers
get-netdomaincontroller
Get a list of domain controllers for the given domain
get-netfileserver Return a list of file servers, extracted from the domain users' homeDirectory, scriptPath, and profilePath fields
get-dfsshare Return a list of all fault tolerant distributed file systems for a given domain
get-netou Get a list of all current OUs in the domain
get-netsite Get a list of all current sites in the domain
get-netsubnet Get a list of all current subnets in the domain
get-netdomaintrust Returns a list of all the trusts of the specified domain
get-netgpo Get a list of all current GPOs in the domain
get-netpso Get a list of all current PSOs in the domain
get-domainpolicy Returns the default domain or DC policy for the queried domain or DC
get-gpttmpl Helper to parse a GptTmpl.inf policy file path into a custom object
get-netgpogroup Parses all GPOs in the domain that set "Restricted Group" or "Groups.xml"
find-gpocomputeradmin
Takes a computer (or OU) and determine who has administrative access to it via GPO
find-gpolocation Takes a username or a group name and determine the computers it has administrative access to via GPO
get-netgroupmember Return a list of members of a domain group
get-netsession Queries a host to return a list of active sessions on the host (you can use local credentials instead of domain credentials)
get-localdisks Queries a host to return a list of active disks on the host (you can use local credentials instead of domain credentials)
get-netdomain Queries a host for available domains
get-netshare Queries a host to return a list of available shares on the host (you can use local credentials instead of domain credentials)
get-netloggedon This function will execute the NetWkstaUserEnum RPC call to query a given host for actively logged on users
get-netlocalgroup Gets a list of members of a local group on a machine, or returns every local group. You can use local credentials instead of domain credentials, however, domain credentials are needed
to resolve domain SIDs.
invoke-checklocaladminaccess
Checks if the given user has local admin access on the given host
get-netprocess This function will execute the 'Select * from Win32_Process' WMI query to a given host for a list of executed process
get-userevent This function will execute the 'SELECT * from Win32_NTLogEvent' WMI query to a given host for a list of executed process
invoke-userhunter Finds which machines domain users are logged into
invoke-processhunter
Searches machines for processes with specific name, or ran by specific users
invoke-eventhunter Searches machines for events with specific name, or ran by specific users
Take a look at the wiki to see a more detailed usage of every command.
Attention: in every command, the used domain name must be the post-Win2k UPN, and not the Win2k compatible name.
For example, my domain name is uselessdomain.local. The Win2K compatible name
is USELESSDOMAIN. In every command, I must use uselessdomain.local as
an argument, and not USELESSDOMAIN.
You can provide a logging level to pywerview modules by using -l or --logging-level options. Supported levels are:
CRITICAL: Only critical errors are displayed (default)WARNINGWarnings are displayed, along with citical errorsDEBUG: Debug level (caution: very verbose)ULTRA: Extreme debugging level (caution: very very verbose)
(level names are case insensitive)
Kerberos authentication is now (partially) supported, which means you can pass the ticket and other stuff. To authenticate via Kerberos:
- Point the
KRB5CCNAMEenvironment variable to your cache credential file. - Use the
-koption in your function call, or thedo_kerberosin your library call.
$ klist stormtroopers.ccache
Ticket cache: FILE:stormtroopers.ccache
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
10/03/2022 16:46:45 11/03/2022 02:46:45 ldap/[email protected]
renew until 11/03/2022 16:43:17
$ KRB5CCNAME=stormtroopers.ccache python3 pywerview.py get-netcomputer -t srv-ad.contoso.com -u stormtroopers -k
dnshostname: centos.contoso.com
dnshostname: debian.contoso.com
dnshostname: Windows7.contoso.com
dnshostname: Windows10.contoso.com
dnshostname: SRV-MAIL.contoso.com
dnshostname: SRV-AD.contoso.com If your cache credential file contains a corresponding TGS, or a TGT for your calling user, Kerberos authentication will be used.
SPN patching is partial. Right now, we're in a mixed configuration where we
use ldap3 for LDAP commands and impacket for the other protocols (SMB,
RPC). That is because impacket's LDAP implementation has several problems,
such as mismanagement of non-ASCII characters (which is problematic for us
baguette-eaters).
ldap3 uses gssapi to authenticate with Kerberos, and gssapi needs the
full hostname in the SPN of a ticket, otherwise it throws an error. It would
be possible to patch an SPN with an incomplete hostname, however it's not done
for now.
For any functions that only rely on impacket (SMB or RPC functions), you can
use tickets with SPNs with an incomplete hostname. In the following example, we
use an LDAP ticket with an incomplete hostname for an SMB function, without any
trouble. You just have to make sure that the --computername argument matches
this incomplete hostname in the SPN:
$ klist skywalker.ccache
Ticket cache: FILE:skywalker.ccache
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
13/04/2022 14:26:59 14/04/2022 00:26:58 ldap/[email protected]
renew until 14/04/2022 14:23:29
$ KRB5CCNAME=skywalker.ccache python3 pywerview.py get-localdisks --computername srv-ad -u skywalker -k
disk: A:
disk: C:
disk: D:To recap:
| SPN in the ticket | Can be used with LDAP functions | Can be used with SMB/RPC functions |
|---|---|---|
ldap/[email protected] |
✔️ | ✔️ |
cifs/[email protected] |
✔️ | ✔️ |
ldap/[email protected] |
❌ | ✔️ |
NOTE: The same limitation exists for TGT in your cache credential file: krbtgt/[email protected] will work
but not krbtgt/[email protected].
SChannel authentication is supported for a subset of the submodules. Functions that support SChannel authentication are:
- get-adobject
- get-objectowner
- get-adserviceaccount
- get-objectacl
- get-netuser
- get-netgroup
- get-netcomputer
- get-netdomaincontroller
- get-netfileserver
- get-netou
- get-netsite
- get-netsubnet
- get-netdomaintrust
- get-netpso
- get-netgpo
- get-netgroupmember
To authenticate via SChannel:
- Retrieve the certificate and the key with your favorite tool (ntlmrelayx.py, certipy,...)
pywerviewneeds a certificate file and a key file, so you need to extract them from the.pfx.- Use
--certand--keyas in the following example:
$ python3 pywerview.py get-netuser -w contoso.com --dc-ip 172.16.0.55 --cert stormtroopers.crt --key stormtroopers.key --username administrator --attributes distinguishedname useraccountcontrol --tls
distinguishedname: CN=Administrator,CN=Users,DC=contoso,DC=com
useraccountcontrol: NORMAL_ACCOUNT
If you don't specify the --tls flag when using certificate authentication, pywerview will try to use StartTLS and an EXTERNAL SASL bind
as described in the Microsoft documentation
You can force a connection to the LDAPS port by using the --tls switch. It
can be necessary with some functions, for example when retrieving gMSA
passwords with get-adserviceaccount:
$ python3 pywerview.py get-adserviceaccount -t srv-ad.contoso.com -u 'SRV-MAIL$' --hashes $NT_HASH --resolve-sids
distinguishedname: CN=gMSA-01,CN=Managed Service Accounts,DC=contoso,DC=com
objectsid: S-1-5-21-863927164-4106933278-53377030-3115
samaccountname: gMSA-01$
msds-groupmsamembership: CN=SRV-MAIL,CN=Computers,DC=contoso,DC=com
description:
enabled: True
$ python3 pywerview.py get-adserviceaccount -t srv-ad.contoso.com -u 'SRV-MAIL$' --hashes $NT_HASH --resolve-sids --tls
distinguishedname: CN=gMSA-01,CN=Managed Service Accounts,DC=contoso,DC=com
objectsid: S-1-5-21-863927164-4106933278-53377030-3115
samaccountname: gMSA-01$
msds-managedpassword: 69730ce3914ac6[redacted]
msds-groupmsamembership: CN=SRV-MAIL,CN=Computers,DC=contoso,DC=com
description:
enabled: TruePywerview can print results in json format by using the --json switch.
If you want to use pywerview against DCs that implment LDAP Signing and/or LDAP Channel Binding,
you need to install a forked version of the ldap3 library. You can find this special version
here.
This version adds this PR by
@ThePirateWhoSmellsOfSunflowers
and this one by @CravateRouge.
pip install this branch within your pywerview virtual env. You can check if your pywerview
installation uses the fork by enabling debug logging (-l DEBUG).
pywerview falls back to simple authentication if the custom branch is not installed.
- Many, many more PowerView functionalities to implement. I'll now focus on forest functions, then inter-forest trust functions
- Lots of rewrite due to the last version of PowerView
- Gracefully fail against Unix machines running Samba
- Perform range cycling in
get-netgroupmember - Manage request to the Global Catalog
- Try to fall back to
tcp/139for RPC communications iftcp/445is closed - Comment, document, and clean the code
- Thanks to the @PowerSploit team for an awesome tool.
- Thanks to @SecureAuthCorp for this complete and comprehensive library that is impacket.
- Special thanks to @asolino for his help on developing using impacket.
- Thanks to @byt3bl33d3r for his contributions.
- Thanks to @ThePirateWhoSmellsOfSunflowers for his debugging, love you baby ❤️
- Thanks to @mpgn for his python 3 contributions.
PywerView - A Python rewriting of PowerSploit's PowerView
Yannick Méheut [yannick (at) meheut (dot) org] - Copyright © 2023
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
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