Docker VNC desktop contains the scripts needed to build images including clean DE's with VNC support. Images are supposed to be as light as possible and simple to run. I use these images mostly for development purposes or quick tasks.

docker run --rm -e USER=luca -e RESOLUTION=1920x1080 -p 5900:5900 carlonluca/vnc-desktop:jammy-lxqt

docker run --rm -e USER=luca -e RESOLUTION=1920x1080 -p 5900:5900 carlonluca/vnc-desktop:jammy-xfce

To simply run the image and expose the port to localhost use:

docker run --rm -p 5900:5900 carlonluca/vnc-desktop:bullseye-xfce

This will run the DE as the root user. To run it as a regular user set the USER variable:

docker run --rm -e USER=luca -p 5900:5900 carlonluca/vnc-desktop:bullseye-xfce

The resolution is set to a default, which is frequently too small. Setting the RESOLUTION env variable is sufficient to change it:

docker run --rm -e USER=luca -e RESOLUTION=1920x1080 -p 5900:5900 carlonluca/vnc-desktop:bullseye-xfce