A collection of research papers and other resources related to the theory and practice of computational effects.

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See also the Effects and handlers Rosetta stone, a comparison of how computational effects and handlers are implemented in various programming languages.

• Eff: programming language with algebraic effects and handlers
  by Andrej Bauer and Matija Pretnar
  (www)

• Eff in F#: A library for programming with algebraic effects in F#
  by Nick Palladinos
  (www)

• Extensible effects: a Haskell library for effects
  by Oleg Kiselyov
  (hackage) (www)

• Frank: programming language with first-class handlers, invisible effect variables, and multihandlers
  by Sam Lindley, Conor McBride, and Craig McLaughlin
  (www)

• Fused effects: a Haskell library for effects
  by Rob Rix
  (hackage) (www)

• F*: an ML-like effectful dependently typed functional programming language aimed at program verification
  (www)

• Helium: a functional programming language with effect handlers and an ML-like module system
  by Dariusz Biernacki, Maciej Piróg, Piotr Polesiuk, and Filip Sieczkowski
  (www)

• Idris Effects: library for algebraic effects and handlers in Idris - inspired by Eff language
  (www)

• Koka: a function-oriented language with effect inference
  by Daan Leijen
  (www)

• Links effect handlers: an effect handlers extension for the Links web programming language
  by Daniel Hillerström and Sam Lindley
  (www)

• Multicore OCaml: a multicore + effect handlers extension for OCaml
  by Stephen Dolan, Anil Madhavapeddy, KC Sivaramakrishnan, Leo White, and Jeremy Yallop
  (www)

• Polysemy: a Haskell library for effects
  by Sandy Maguire
  (hackage) (www)

• Pyro: a deep universal probabilistic programming language
  by Uber AI Labs
  (www)

• Scala Effekt: extensible algebraic effects with handlers in Scala
  by Jonathan Brachthäuser
  (www)

• atnos-org/eff: extensible effects for Cats in Scala
  by Eric Torreborre
  (www) (github)

• shonky: a dynamically typed variant of Frank with C-like syntax
  by Conor McBride
  (www)

• What is algebraic about algebraic effects and handlers? (tutorial given at Dagstuhl and OPLSS)
  by Andrej Bauer
  (pdf)
  (Videos: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

• Concurrent Programming with Effect Handlers (tutorial given at CUFP)
  by Daniel Hillerström and KC Sivaramakrishnan
  (www)

• An Introduction to Algebraic Effects and Handlers (MFPS 2015)
  by Matija Pretnar
  (dblp) (doi) (pdf)

• Runners in action (ESOP 2020)
  by Danel Ahman and Andrej Bauer
  (arxiv)

• Interaction Trees: Representing Recursive and Impure Programs in Coq (POPL 2020)
  by Li-yao Xia, Yannick Zakowski, Paul He, Chung-Kil Hur, Gregory Malecha, Benjamin C. Pierce, Steve Zdancewic
  (pdf)

• Binders by Day, Labels by Night: Effect Instances via Lexically Scoped Handlers (POPL 2020)
  by Dariusz Biernacki, Maciej Piróg, Piotr Polesiuk, and Filip Sieczkowski
  (pdf)

• On the expressive power of user-defined effects: effect handlers, monadic reflection, delimited control (JFP, ICFP 2017 special issue)
  by Yannick Forster, Ohad Kammar, Sam Lindley, and Matija Pretnar
  (pdf)

• Monad transformers and modular algebraic effects: What binds them together (Haskell 2019)
  by Tom Schrijvers, Maciej Piróg, Nicolas Wu, and Mauro Jaskelioff
  (pdf)

• A Hierarchy of Monadic Effects for Program Verification using Equational Reasoning (MPC 2019)
  by Reynald Affeldt, David Nowak, and Takafumi Saikawa
  (pdf) (github)

• Handling Local State with Global State (MPC 2019)
  by Koen Pauwels, Tom Schrijvers, and Shin-Cheng Mu
  (pdf)

• Bisimulations for Delimited-Control Operators (LMCS 2019)
  by Dariusz Biernacki, Sergueï Lenglet, and Piotr Polesiuk
  (pdf)

• Typed equivalence of effect handlers and delimited control (FSCD 2019)
  Maciej Piróg, Piotr Polesiuk, and Filip Sieczkowski
  (pdf)

• Handling Polymorphic Algebraic Effects (ESOP 2019)
  Taro Sekiyama and Atsushi Igarashi
  (arxiv)

• Extended call-by-push-value: reasoning about effectful programs and evaluation order (ESOP 2019)
  by Dylan McDermott and Alan Mycroft
  (pdf)

• Abstracting Algebraic Effects (POPL 2019)
  by Dariusz Biernacki, Maciej Piróg, Piotr Polesiuk, and Filip Sieczkowski
  (acm dl) (pdf)

• Abstraction-Safe Effect Handlers via Tunneling (POPL 2019)
  by Yizhou Zhang and Andrew Myers
  (acm dl) (technical report)

• Call-by-need effects via coeffects (Open Computer Science 2018)
  by Dylan McDermott and Alan Mycroft
  (pdf)

• Pyro: Deep Universal Probabilistic Programming
  by Eli Bingham, Jonathan P. Chen, Martin Jankowiak, Fritz Obermeyer, Neeraj Pradhan, Theofanis Karaletsos, Rohit Singh, Paul Szerlip, Paul Horsfall, and Noah D. Goodman
  (arvix)

• Automatic Reparameterisation in Probabilistic Programming (AABI 2018)
  by Maria I. Gorinova, Dave Moore, and Matthew D. Hoffman
  (pdf)

• Effect Handling for Composable Program Transformations in Edward2 (PROBPROG 2018)
  by Dave Moore and Maria I. Gorinova
  (arvix)

• Factorisation Systems for Logical Relations and Monadic Lifting in Type-and-effect System Semantics (MFPS 2018)
  by Ohad Kammar and Dylan McDermott
  (doi)

• Functional Programming for Modular Bayesian Inference (ICFP 2018)
  by Adam Ścibior, Ohad Kammar, and Zoubin Ghahramani
  (pdf)

• JEff: Objects for Effect (Onward 2018)
  by Pablo Inostroza and Tijs van der Storm
  (acm dl)

• Effect Handlers for the Masses (OOPSLA 2018)
  by Jonathan Immanuel Brachthäuser, Philipp Schuster, and Klaus Ostermann
  (acm dl)

• Abstract Nonsense (FARM 2018)
  by Junia Gonçalves
  (acm dl)

• Syntax and Semantics for Operations with Scopes (LICS 2018)
  by Maciej Piróg, Tom Schrijvers, Nicolas Wu, and Mauro Jaskelioff
  (pdf)

• First Class Dynamic Effect Handlers: or, Polymorphic Heaps with Dynamic Effect Handlers (TyDe 2018)
  by Daan Leijen
  (acm dl)

• Algebraic Effect Handlers with Resources and Deep Finalization (MSR technical report)
  by Daan Leijen
  (pdf)

• Shallow Effect Handlers (APLAS 2018)
  by Daniel Hillerström and Sam Lindley
  (pdf)

• Versatile Event Correlation with Algebraic Effects (ICFP 2018)
  by Oliver Bračevac, Nada Amin, Guido Salvaneschi, Sebastian Erdweg, Patrick Eugster, and Mira Mezini
  (pdf)

• Modular Verification of Programs with Effects and Effect Handlers in Coq (FM 2018)
  by Thomas Letan, Yann Régis-Gianas, Pierre Chifflier, and Guillaume Hiet
  (metadata, pdf)

• Explicit Effect Subtyping (ESOP 2018)
  by Amr Hany Saleh, Georgios Karachalias, Matija Pretnar, and Tom Schrijvers
  (pdf) (pdf with appendix) (technical report/extended version)

• Handle with Care: Relational Interpretation of Algebraic Effects and Handlers (POPL 2018)
  by Dariusz Biernacki, Maciej Piróg, Piotr Polesiuk, and Filip Sieczkowski
  (pdf) (Coq formalisation)

• Handling fibred algebraic effects (POPL 2018)
  by Danel Ahman
  (pdf)

• Staged Generic Programming (ICFP 2017)
  by Jeremy Yallop
  (pdf)

• Concurrent System Programming with Effect Handlers (TFP 2017)
  by Stephen Dolan, Spiros Eliopolous, Daniel Hillerström, Anil Madhavapeddy, KC Sivaramakrishnan, Leo White
  (pdf)

• Handlers for Non-Monadic Computations (IFL 2017)
  by Ruben P. Pieters, Tom Schrijvers, and Exequiel Rivas
  (pdf) (technical report/extended version)

• Effekt: Extensible Algebraic Effects in Scala (Scala 2017)
  by Jonathan Immanuel Brachthäuser and Philipp Schuster

• Efficient Compilation of Algebraic Effects and Handlers
  by Matija Pretnar, Amr Hany Saleh, Axel Faes, and Tom Schrijvers
  (technical report)

• Structured asynchrony with algebraic effects (TyDe 2017)
  by Daan Leijen
  (OpenTOC) (technical report)

• Implementing Algebraic Effects in C (or "Monads for Free in C") (APLAS 2017)
  by Daan Leijen
  (technical report) (GitHub)

• Continuation Passing Style for Effect Handlers (FSCD 2017)
  by Daniel Hillerström, Sam Lindley, Robert Atkey, and KC Sivaramakrishnan
  (pdf)

• On the expressive power of user-defined effects: Effect handlers, monadic reflection, delimited control (ICFP 2017)
  by Yannick Forster, Ohad Kammar, Sam Lindley, and Matija Pretnar
  (arxiv)

• Do be do be do (POPL 2017)
  by Sam Lindley, Conor McBride, and Craig McLaughlin
  (dblp) (arxiv)

• Type directed compilation of row-typed algebraic effects (POPL 2017)
  by Daan Leijen
  (dblp)

• No value restriction is needed for algebraic effects and handlers (J. Funct. Program. 2017)
  by Ohad Kammar and Matija Pretnar
  (dblp) (arxiv)

• Combining Effects and Coeffects via Grading (ICFP 2016)
  by Marco Gaboardi, Shin-ya Katsumata, Dominic Orchard, Flavien Breuvart, and Tarmo Uustalu
  (pdf)

• Effects as Sessions, Sessions as Effects (POPL 2016)
  by Dominic Orchard and Nobuko Yoshida
  (pdf)

• Effect Systems Revisited -- Control-Flow Algebra and Semantics (Semantics, Logics, and Calculi 2016)
  by Alan Mycroft, Dominic Orchard, and Tomas Petricek (pdf)

• Efficient Algebraic Effect Handlers for Prolog (TPLP/ICLP 2016)
  by Amr Hany Saleh and Tom Schrijvers
  (pdf)

• Eff Directly in OCaml (ML Workshop 2016)
  by Oleg Kiselyov and KC Sivaramakrishnan
  (pdf) (extended abstract)

• Compiling Links Effect Handlers to the OCaml Backend (ML Workshop 2016)
  by Daniel Hillerström, Sam Lindley, and KC Sivaramakrishnan
  (pdf)

• Liberating effects with rows and handlers (TyDe 2016)
  by Daniel Hillerström and Sam Lindley
  (pdf) (dblp)

• Dependent Types and Fibred Computational Effects (FoSSaCS 2016)
  by Danel Ahman, Neil Ghani, and Gordon Plotkin
  (pdf) (dblp)

• From Monads to Effects and Back (PADL 2016)
  by Niki Vazou and Daan Leijen
  (pdf)

• Effective Concurrency with Algebraic Effects (OCaml Workshop 2015)
  by Stephen Dolan, Leo White, KC Sivaramakrishnan, Jeremy Yallop and Anil Madhavapeddy
  (pdf)

• Fixing Non-determinism (IFL 2015)
  by Alexander Vandenbroucke, Tom Schrijvers, and Frank Piessens
  (pdf)

• Freer monads, more extensible effects (Haskell 2015)
  by Oleg Kiselyov and Hiromi Ishii
  (pdf)

• Programming with Algebraic Effects and Handlers (JLAMP 2015)
  by Andrej Bauer and Matija Pretnar
  (arxiv) (dblp) (doi)

• Fusion for Free: Efficient Algebraic Effect Handlers (MPC 2015)
  by Nicolas Wu and Tom Schrijvers
  (pdf)

• Interleaving data and effects (JFP 2015)
  by Robert Atkey and Patricia Johann
  (dblp) (doi) (pdf)

• Algebraic Effects and Handlers in Natural Language Interpretation (NLCS 2014)
  by Jiří Maršík and Maxime Amblard
  (pdf)

• Algebraic effects and effect handlers for idioms and arrows (WGP 2014)
  by Sam Lindley
  (dblp) (doi) (pdf)

• Effect handlers in scope (Haskell 2014)
  by Nicolas Wu, Tom Schrijvers and Ralf Hinze
  (pdf)

• Embedding effect systems in Haskell (Haskell 2014)
  by Dominic Orchard and Tomas Petricek
  (pdf)

• The semantic marriage of monads and effects (extended abstract) (Unpublished, 2014)
  by Dominic Orchard, Tomas Petricek and Alan Mycroft
  (pdf)

• Inferring algebraic effects (LMCS 2014)
  by Matija Pretnar
  (arxiv) (dblp) (doi)

• An Effect System for Algebraic Effects and Handlers (LMCS 2014)
  by Andrej Bauer and Matija Pretnar
  (arxiv) (dblp) (doi)

• Programming and reasoning with algebraic effects and dependent types (ICFP 2013)
  by Edwin Brady
  (pdf)

• The constrained-monad problem (ICFP 2013)
  by Neil Sculthorpe, Jan Bracker, George Giorgidze and Andy Gill
  (pdf)

• Handlers in action (ICFP 2013)
  by Ohad Kammar, Sam Lindley and Nicolas Oury
  (pdf) (GitHub)

• Extensible effects: an alternative to monad transformers (Haskell 2013)
  by Oleg Kiselyov, Amr Sabry and Cameron Swords
  (pdf)

• Handling algebraic effects (LMCS 2013)
  by Gordon Plotkin and Matija Pretnar
  (arxiv) (dblp) (doi)

• The Frank Manual (2012)
  by Conor McBride
  (www)

• Control.Effects (2012)
  by Sjoerd Visscher

• Koka: A Language with Row-Polymorphic Effect Inference (HOPE 2012)
  by Daan Leijen

• Idioms are Oblivious, Arrows are Meticulous, Monads are Promiscuous (ENTCS 2011)
  by Sam Lindley, Philip Wadler and Jeremy Yallop

• Lightweight Monadic Programming in ML (ICFP 2011)
  by Nikhil Swamy, Nataliya Guts, Daan Leijen and Michael Hicks
  (pdf)

• Monads, zippers and views: virtualizing the monad stack (ICFP 2011)
  by Tom Schrijvers and Bruno C.d.S. Oliveira

• Just Do It: Simple Monadic Equational Reasoning (ICFP 2011)
  by Jeremy Gibbons and Ralf Hinze

• Monad transformers as monoid transformers (Theor. Comp. Science 2010)
  by Mauro Jaskelioff and Eugenio Moggi

• The Operational Monad Tutorial (The Monad Reader, 2010)
  by Heinrich Apfelmus

• Handlers of Algebraic Effects (ESOP 2009)
  by Gordon Plotkin and Matija Pretnar
  (pdf)

• Parameterised Notions of Computation (JFP 2009)
  by Robert Atkey
  (pdf)

• Algebras for Parameterised Monads (CALCO 2009)
  by Robert Atkey
  (pdf)

• Lightweight Monadic Regions (Haskell 2008)
  by Oleg Kiselyov and Chung-chieh Shan

• A Logic for Algebraic Effects (LICS 2008)
  by Gordon Plotkin and Matija Pretnar
  (pdf)

• What is a Categorical Model of Arrows? (MSFP 2008)
  by Robert Atkey
  (pdf)

• Data types a la carte (JFP 2008)
  by Wouter Swierstra
  (pdf)

• Combining algebraic effects with continuations (Theor. Comput. Sci. 2007)
  by Martin Hyland, Paul Blain Levy, Gordon Plotkin and John Power

• Programming Monads Operationally with Unimo (ICFP 2006)
  by Chuan-kai Lin

• Monadic Regions (JFP 2006)
  by Matthew Fluet and J. Gregory Morrisett

• A Monadic Multi-stage Metalanguage (FOSSACS 2003)
  by Eugenio Moggi and Sonia Fagorzi
  (pdf)

• Algebraic Operations and Generic Effects (Applied categorical structures, 2003)
  by Gordon D. Plotkin and John Power
  (pdf)

• The Marriage of Effects and Monads (Trans. Comp. Logic, 2003)
  by Philip Wadler and Peter Thiemann

• Composing Monads Using Coproducts (ICFP 2002)
  by Christoph Lüth and Neil Ghani

• Notions of computation determine monads (FoSSaCS 2002)
  by Gordon D. Plotkin and John Power

• Monadic Encapsulation of Effects: A Revised Approach (Extended Version) (JFP 2001)
  by Eugenio Moggi and Amr Sabry

• Adequacy for algebraic effects (FoSSaCS 2001)
  by Gordon D. Plotkin and John Power

• Deriving Backtracking Monad Transformers (ICFP 2000)
  by Ralf Hinze

• Monads and Effects (APPSEM 2000)
  by Nick Benton, John Hughes and Eugenio Moggi

• Representing layered monads (POPL 1999)
  by Andrzej Filinski
  (ps.gz)

• Monad Transformers and Modular Interpreters (POPL 1995)
  by Sheng Liang, Paul Hudak and Mark Jones

• Semantic Lego (UMI Order No. GAX95-33546, 1995)
  by David A. Espinosa

• Monads for functional programming (1995)
  Philip Wadler

• Extensible Denotational Language Specifications (TACS 1994)
  by Robert Cartwright and Matthias Felleisen
  (ps.gz)

• Building interpreters by transforming stratified monads (Unpublished, 1994)
  by David Espinosa

• Representing monads (POPL 1994)
  by Andrzej Filinski

• Building Interpreters by Composing Monads (POPL 1994)
  by Guy L. Steele, Jr.

• Monads and composable continuations (J. Lisp & Symb. Comp. 1994)
  by Philip Wadler

• Imperative Functional Programming (POPL 1993)
  by Simon Peyton Jones and Philip Wadler

• Combining Monads (Functional Programming, 1993)
  by David J. King and Philip Wadler

• How to Compose Monads (Thinking Machines Corporation tech. report, 1993)
  Guy L. Steele, Jr.

• Modular denotational semantics (Unpublished, 1993)
  by David Espinosa

• The essence of functional programming (POPL 1992)
  by Philip Wadler

• Notions of computation and monads (Information and Computation, 93(1), 1991)
  by Eugenio Moggi
  (pdf)

• Comprehending Monads (Lisp and Functional Programming, 1990)
  Philip Wadler

• Abstracting Control (LFP 1990)
  by Olivier Danvy and Andrzej Filinski

• Computational lambda-calculus and monads (LICS 1989)
  by Eugenio Moggi
  (pdf)

• An abstract view of programming languages (Ed. Uni. Tech Report, 1989)
  by Eugenio Moggi

• Polymorphic effect systems (POPL 1988)
  by John M. Lucassen and David K. Gifford
  (pdf)

• The FX-87 Interpreter (ICCL 1988)
  by Pierre Jouvelot and David K. Gifford
  (doi)

• Efficient Algebraic Effect Handlers (PhD Dissertation, KU Leuven)
  by Amr Hany Saleh
  (pdf)

• Program Equivalence for Algebraic Effects via Modalities (MSc Dissertation, University of Oxford)
  by Cristina Matache
  (pdf)

• Distributive Interaction of Algebraic Effects (PhD Thesis, University of Oxford)
  by Kwok-Ho Cheung
  (pdf)

• Enhancing a Modular Effectful Programming Language (MSc Dissertation, University of Edinburgh)
  by Lukas Convent
  (pdf)

• Compilation of Effect Handlers and their Applications in Concurrency (MSc Dissertation, University of Edinburgh)
  by Daniel Hillerström
  (pdf)

• On the expressive power of effect handlers and monadic reflection (MSc Dissertation, University of Cambridge)
  by Yannick Forster
  (pdf)

• Handlers for Algebraic Effects in Links (MSc Dissertation, University of Edinburgh)
  by Daniel Hillerström
  (pdf)

• The Logic and Handling of Algebraic Effects (PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh)
  by Matija Pretnar
  (pdf)

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