%%

Man info

% A "%" is written. No argument is converted. The complete conversion specification is "%%"

Example:

printf("%%"); //out: %

diouxX

Man info

The int (or appropriate variant) argument is converted to signed decimal (d and i), unsigned octal (o), unsigned decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal (x and X) notation.

The letters "abcdef'' are used for x conversions; the letters "ABCDEF'' are used for X conversions.

The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits that must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is padded on the left with zeros.

Data type

Example:

printf("%d", 1337); // out: 1337
printf("%i", 1337); // out: 1337
printf("%o", 1337); // out: 2471
printf("%u", 1337); // out: 1337
printf("%x", 1337); // out: 539
printf("%X", 1337); // out: 539

Modificator

Man info

Example

printf("%hd", 1337); // out: 1337
printf("%hhd", 1337); // out: 57
printf("%ld", 1337); // out: 1337
printf("%lld", 1337); // out: 1337

csp

Man info

c The int argument is converted to an unsigned char, and the resulting character is written.

s The char * argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer to a string). Characters from the array are written up to (but not including) a terminating NUL character; if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are written. If a precision is given, no null character need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than the size of the array, the array must contain a terminating NUL character.

p The void * pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by "%#x" or "%#lx").

Data type

Example

printf("%c", 'a'); // out: a
printf("%p", 0x1); // out: 0x1
printf("%s", "abc"); // out: abc

Floating 😭😭😭

Man info

f The double argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style [-]ddd.ddd, where the number of digits after the decimal-point character is equal to the precision specification. If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears. If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.

Data type

Example:

printf("%f", 13.37); // out: 13.370000

Modificator

Man info

#0-+ and space

Man info

"#"

The value should be converted to an "alternate form''. For c, d, i, n, p, s, and u conversions, this option has no effect. For o conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first character of the output string to a zero. For x and X conversions, a non-zero result has the string "0x" (or "0X" for X conversions) prepended to it. For a, A, e, E, f, F, g, and G conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no digits follow it (normally, a decimal point appears in the results of those conversions only if a digit follows). For g and G conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they would otherwise be.

"0" (zero)

Zero padding. For all conversions except n, the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks. If a precision is given with a numeric conversion (d, i, o, u, i, x, and X), the 0 flag is ignored.

"-"

A negative field width flag; the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary. Except for n conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks, rather than on the left with blanks or zeros. A - overrides a 0 if both are given.

" " (space)

A blank should be left before a positive number produced by a signed conversion (a, A, d, e, E, f, F, g, G, or i).

"+"

A sign must always be placed before a number produced by a signed conversion. A + overrides a space if both are used.

Example

"#"

printf("%#x", 0x1337); // out: 0x1337
printf("%#X", 0x1337); // out: 0X1337
printf("%#X", 0x1337); // out: 0X1337
printf("%#o", 01337); // out: 01337
printf("%#d", 1337); // out: 1337

"+"

printf("%+i", 1); // out: +1
printf("%+i", 0); // out: +0
printf("%+i", -1); // out: -1