The Benchmark demonstration project was created using Visual Studio 2019 16.8.4, .NET 5, & Benchmark.Net v0.12.1. The objective is to demonstrate Benchmark.Net in a .NET 5 application using String and StringBuilder concatenation.
Additional steps for running RPlotExporter in a Benchmark.Net Visual Studio solution on a Windows machine.
Set Environment Variable (System variable)
- Variable name: R_HOME
- Variable value: C:\Program Files\R\R-4.0.3
Install Perl on Windows (32-bit & 64-bit) https://learn.perl.org/installing/windows.html
Download R (Choose Mirror) https://www.r-project.org/
Setup instructions to run this project are as follows:
-
Download Benchmark project and open it in Visual Studio 2019.
-
Set Solution Configuration to Release.
-
Start Debugging
The Benchmark scenarios 1-3 below evaluate the best use of either String or String Builder for small to large concatenation scenarios. Benchmarks 4-5 evaluate .NET Core performance for only StringBuilder and String.
Performance is relative to your environment. Each run produces a result.
Single Framework Target
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.1, OS=Windows 10.0.18363.1316 (1909/November2018Update/19H2)
Intel Core i7-6700HQ CPU 2.60GHz (Skylake), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=5.0.102
[Host] : .NET Core 5.0.2 (CoreCLR 5.0.220.61120, CoreFX 5.0.220.61120), X64 RyuJIT [AttachedDebugger]
DefaultJob : .NET Core 5.0.2 (CoreCLR 5.0.220.61120, CoreFX 5.0.220.61120), X64 RyuJIT
Multiple Framework Targets
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.1, OS=Windows 10.0.18363.1316 (1909/November2018Update/19H2)
Intel Core i7-6700HQ CPU 2.60GHz (Skylake), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=5.0.102
[Host] : .NET Core 5.0.2 (CoreCLR 5.0.220.61120, CoreFX 5.0.220.61120), X64 RyuJIT [AttachedDebugger]
.NET Core 2.2 : .NET Core 2.2.8 (CoreCLR 4.6.28207.03, CoreFX 4.6.28208.02), X64 RyuJIT
.NET Core 3.1 : .NET Core 3.1.11 (CoreCLR 4.700.20.56602, CoreFX 4.700.20.56604), X64 RyuJIT
.NET Core 5.0 : .NET Core 5.0.2 (CoreCLR 5.0.220.61120, CoreFX 5.0.220.61120), X64 RyuJIT
The C# developer concatenates five small strings: "a", "b", "c", "d", "e".
| Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Median | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|---------------------------- |----------:|---------:|----------:|----------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| Interpolation | 135.82 ns | 6.594 ns | 19.234 ns | 129.21 ns | 0.0560 | - | - | 176 B |
| InterpolationLambda | 138.12 ns | 2.860 ns | 5.579 ns | 137.21 ns | 0.0560 | - | - | 176 B |
| InterpolationSingle | 131.23 ns | 2.648 ns | 3.881 ns | 131.64 ns | 0.0560 | - | - | 176 B |
| Operator | 116.78 ns | 2.432 ns | 2.987 ns | 116.45 ns | 0.0432 | - | - | 136 B |
| OperatorSingle | 127.94 ns | 2.025 ns | 1.795 ns | 128.34 ns | 0.0484 | - | - | 152 B |
| OperatorMultiple | 136.56 ns | 2.771 ns | 4.706 ns | 135.85 ns | 0.0610 | - | - | 192 B |
| OperatorToString | 123.85 ns | 2.562 ns | 6.926 ns | 123.35 ns | 0.0432 | - | - | 136 B |
| StringConcatenate | 119.75 ns | 2.408 ns | 5.581 ns | 119.59 ns | 0.0432 | - | - | 136 B |
| StringConcatenateLambda | 111.07 ns | 2.271 ns | 2.954 ns | 110.41 ns | 0.0433 | - | - | 136 B |
| StringJoin | 82.90 ns | 1.744 ns | 3.717 ns | 83.03 ns | 0.0331 | - | - | 104 B |
| StringFormat | 233.64 ns | 6.934 ns | 20.117 ns | 228.08 ns | 0.0329 | - | - | 104 B |
| StringBuilderInit | 170.16 ns | 3.481 ns | 7.714 ns | 170.05 ns | 0.0892 | - | - | 280 B |
| StringBuilderAppend | 73.62 ns | 1.570 ns | 4.554 ns | 72.81 ns | 0.0459 | - | - | 144 B |
| StringBuilderAppendChar | 64.14 ns | 1.367 ns | 1.824 ns | 63.34 ns | 0.0459 | - | - | 144 B |
| StringBuilderAppendCapacity | 83.71 ns | 1.770 ns | 3.282 ns | 83.90 ns | 0.0433 | - | - | 136 B |
| StringBuilderAppendJoin | 142.85 ns | 2.947 ns | 2.757 ns | 143.79 ns | 0.0942 | - | - | 296 B |
Conclusion: The results show StringBuilder is best for concatenating strings in this scenario.
The C# developer concatenates five 64-bit hexadecimal strings: "217A25432A462D4A", "743677397A244326", "5971337436763979", "67566B5970337336", "4E645267556B5870".
| Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Median | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|-------------- |----------:|----------:|----------:|----------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| StringConcat | 110.08 ns | 2.243 ns | 2.493 ns | 109.78 ns | 0.0918 | - | - | 288 B |
| StringJoin | 87.30 ns | 1.765 ns | 1.888 ns | 87.27 ns | 0.0815 | - | - | 256 B |
| StringBuilder | 191.40 ns | 3.886 ns | 8.448 ns | 187.74 ns | 0.2294 | - | - | 720 B |
| SB_Char | 304.08 ns | 15.164 ns | 44.711 ns | 304.60 ns | 0.2346 | - | - | 736 B |
| SB_Capacity | 157.65 ns | 4.886 ns | 13.941 ns | 151.95 ns | 0.2906 | - | - | 912 B |
Conclusion: The results show StringJoin is best for concatenating strings in this scenario.
The C# developer concatenates five 256-bit hexadecimal strings: "5266556A586E3272357538782F413F442A472D4B6150645367566B5970337336", "404D635166546A576E5A7234753778214125432A462D4A614E645267556B5870", "4528482B4D6251655468576D5A7134743777217A25432646294A404E63526655", "2F413F4428472B4B6250655368566D597133743677397A244326452948404D63", "7538782F4125442A472D4B6150645367566B5970337336763979244226452848".
| Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Median | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|-------------- |---------:|--------:|---------:|---------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| StringJoin | 139.2 ns | 2.80 ns | 4.43 ns | 138.8 ns | 0.2346 | - | - | 736 B |
| StringBuilder | 362.6 ns | 8.33 ns | 23.91 ns | 355.2 ns | 0.6881 | - | - | 2160 B |
Conclusion: The results show StringJoin is best for concatenating strings in this scenario.
The C# developer concatenates five small strings: "a", "b", "c", "d", "e".
| Method | Job | Runtime | Mean | Error | StdDev | Ratio | RatioSD | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|-------------- |-------------- |-------------- |---------:|---------:|---------:|------:|--------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| StringBuilder | .NET Core 2.2 | .NET Core 2.2 | 73.82 ns | 2.753 ns | 7.855 ns | 1.05 | 0.13 | 0.0483 | - | - | 152 B |
| StringBuilder | .NET Core 3.1 | .NET Core 3.1 | 73.12 ns | 3.010 ns | 8.734 ns | 1.04 | 0.15 | 0.0459 | - | - | 144 B |
| StringBuilder | .NET Core 5.0 | .NET Core 5.0 | 70.68 ns | 2.235 ns | 6.555 ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.0458 | - | - | 144 B |
Conclusion: The results show .NET Core 5.0 is the best runtime in this scenario.
The C# developer concatenates five 256-bit hexadecimal strings: "5266556A586E3272357538782F413F442A472D4B6150645367566B5970337336", "404D635166546A576E5A7234753778214125432A462D4A614E645267556B5870", "4528482B4D6251655468576D5A7134743777217A25432646294A404E63526655", "2F413F4428472B4B6250655368566D597133743677397A244326452948404D63", "7538782F4125442A472D4B6150645367566B5970337336763979244226452848".
| Method | Job | Runtime | Mean | Error | StdDev | Ratio | RatioSD | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|----------- |-------------- |-------------- |---------:|--------:|---------:|------:|--------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| StringJoin | .NET Core 2.2 | .NET Core 2.2 | 211.0 ns | 5.10 ns | 14.86 ns | 1.32 | 0.12 | 0.2363 | - | - | 744 B |
| StringJoin | .NET Core 3.1 | .NET Core 3.1 | 183.8 ns | 5.36 ns | 15.55 ns | 1.17 | 0.11 | 0.2346 | - | - | 736 B |
| StringJoin | .NET Core 5.0 | .NET Core 5.0 | 159.1 ns | 3.27 ns | 8.67 ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.2346 | - | - | 736 B |
Conclusion: The results show .NET Core 5.0 is the best runtime in this scenario.
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