A minimalist RISC-V system emulator capable of running Linux the kernel and corresponding userland. semu implements the following:

• RISC-V instruction set architecture: RV32IMA
• Privilege levels: S and U modes
• Control and status registers (CSR)
• Virtual memory system: RV32 MMU
• UART: 8250/16550
• PLIC (platform-level interrupt controller): 32 interrupts, no priority
• Standard SBI, with the timer extension
• VirtIO: virtio-blk acquires disk image from the host, and virtio-net is mapped as TAP interface

Device Tree compiler (dtc) is required. To install it on Debian/Ubuntu Linux, enter the following command:

$ sudo apt install device-tree-compiler

For macOS, use the following command:

$ brew install dtc

For demonstration purposes, ext4 is used for file system mounting. ext4 is a native Linux filesystem, offering stability, high capacity, reliability, and performance while requiring minimal maintenance. The mkfs.ext4 command can create an ext4 file system from disk partitions. This command is a symbolic link of the mke2fs command, and its usage is the same as the mke2fs command.

For most GNU/Linux distributions, mkfs.ext4 command should be installed in advance. For macOS, use the following command:

$ brew install e2fsprogs

Build the emulator:

$ make

Download prebuilt Linux kernel image:

$ make check

Please be patient while semu is running.

Reference output:

Starting syslogd: OK
Starting klogd: OK
Running sysctl: OK
Starting network: OK

Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login:

Enter root to access shell.

You can exit the emulator using: <Ctrl-a x>. (press Ctrl+A, leave it, afterwards press X)

./semu -k linux-image [-b dtb-file] [-i initrd-image] [-d disk-image]

• linux-image is the path to the Linux kernel Image.
• dtb-file is optional, as it specifies the user-specified device tree blob.
• initrd-image is optional, as it specifies the user-specified initial RAM disk image.
• disk-image is optional, as it specifies the path of a disk image in ext4 file system for the virtio-blk device.

An automated build script is provided to compile the RISC-V cross-compiler, Busybox, and Linux kernel from source. Please note that it only supports the Linux host environment.

$ make build-image

semu is released under the MIT License. Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.