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doc's Introduction

Official Documentation of Rakuā„¢

artistic test

An HTML version of this documentation can be found at https://docs.raku.org/. That site is updated from the main branch here frequently (but not continuously).

This is currently the recommended way to consume the documentation. The tooling to build and run this site is available on github.

This repository is not intended to be installed as a module.

README in other languages

ę—„ęœ¬čŖž | ꙮ通čƝ | Deutsche | espaƱol | franƧais | italiano | nederlands | PortuguĆŖs

Help Wanted!

Interested in contributing?

Why aren't the docs embedded in the compiler source?

  1. This documentation is intended to be universal with respect to the specification, and not tied to any specific implementation.
  2. Implementations' handling of embedded Pod is still a bit uneven; this avoids potential runtime impacts.
  3. A separate repo in the Raku Github account invites more potential contributors and editors.

rakudoc

There is a CLI for viewing Raku documentation.

Vision

I want p6doc and docs.raku.org to become the No. 1 resource to consult when you want to know something about a Raku feature, be it from the language, or built-in types and routines. I want it to be useful to every Raku programmer.

-- moritz

LICENSE

The documentation and code in this repository is available under the Artistic License 2.0 as published by The Perl Foundation. See the LICENSE file for the full text.

This repository may also contain examples authored by third parties that may be licensed under a different license. Such files indicate the copyright and license terms at the top of the file. Currently these include:

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doc's Issues

Handle enum types specially in type graphs

In our type graphs, enum types like PromiseStatus are currently rendered like normal subtypes of their value type: http://doc.perl6.org/images/type-graph-Int.png

This can create confusion.

We should review all built-in enum types and then decide which of the following solutions is better:

  • render enum types differently from classes
  • exclude enum subtypes altogether from type graphs of class types

Asking for not-existing method gives warnings

I tried ./bin/p6doc Str.zbd and got a lot of these warnings on STDERR before it printed the whole pod:

use of uninitialized variable $from of type Any in numeric context in method render at ./bin/../lib/Pod/To/SectionFilter.pm:15

use of uninitialized variable $heading-level of type Any in numeric context in method render at ./bin/../lib/Pod/To/SectionFilter.pm:16

use of uninitialized value of type Any in string context in method render at ./bin/../lib/Pod/To/SectionFilter.pm:21

Link to learnxinyminutes for perl6

If our users use doc.perl6.org as their first step towards finding out how something works, but whatever it is isn't covered there (in my case I was looking for an easy to find explanation of 'for' loops), they would miss this excellent resource.

We should perhaps consider either getting the set of available translations from their website or look for a way to link to perl6 "in all available languages".

Ticket for collecting all POD ERRORS

== If you have you just seen a POD ERRORS message ==

If a github page corresponding to a doc page displays "POD ERRORS", please:

  1. Search this issue page for the relevant topic/filename combo (eg Language/unicode_entry.pod or Type/AST.pod).
  2. Skip to the last match, if any. If the last comment mentioning the page you're searching for was written more than a day ago and says it's been fixed, or if there's no match at all, then assume you are seeing a new problem and add a new comment to alert us to a new problem. Please paste a link back to the github page containing the error plus the error message from that page. See the first comment added to this issue below for an example.
  3. You can still edit the github page despite the error; just click the Pencil icon.

Thanks!

== Closing this issue ==

When we've: A) eliminated all POD ERRORS generated by github's web interface for displaying P6 doc pages; and B) expect them to only rarely re-occur; then we can close this issue.

[PATCH] eval -> EVAL in bin/p6doc

--- a/bin/p6doc
+++ b/bin/p6doc
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ multi sub MAIN() {
multi sub MAIN($docee) {
return MAIN($docee, :f) if defined $docee.index('.') ;
if 'index.data'.IO ~~ :e {

  •    my %data = eval slurp 'index.data';
    
  •    my %data = EVAL slurp 'index.data';
     if %data{$docee} {
         my $newdoc = %data{$docee}[0][0] ~ "." ~ %data{$docee}[0][1];
         return MAIN($newdoc, :f);
    

Search link to circumfix:< > is a 404

When one enters < >in the search box, and selects Circumfix < > one lands on /routine/<+>, which is a 404. The same happens for Quote < >, which links to /syntax/<+>, which is also a 404.

The correct URL seems to be with %20 instead of a + sign.

TODO: Explanation of compilation phases and phasers

A question on #perl6 was roughly: from a CHECK phaser inside a class, can I use the class?

To answer this (and other) questions, the various compilation phases, phasers, and type composition time should be explained.

eqv docs misleading

To me them imply this would return True:

[jdv@wieldy rakudo]$ perl6 -e 'class A{has $a};say A.new(:a(5)) eqv A.new(:a(5))'
False
[jdv@wieldy rakudo]$

Broken link on the class SetHash page

Under the Operators heading on the page for class SetHash, the link to setbagmix#Set/Bag Operators is broken. I suspect that the slash between Set/Bag is seen as a bad path.

I might also add the union operator (|) and the corresponding unicode operator to the example code on this page.

Mention how to do build-time attribute defaults

<masak> [backlog] should lazy attribute defaults be part of http://doc.perl6.org/language/classtut ? did someone file an issue about this?
<masak> m: class C { has $.x = "OH HAI" }; say C.new(:x(42)).x; say C.new.x
<camelia> rakudo-moar 86b1b2: OUTPUTĀ«42ā¤OH HAIā¤Ā»
* masak submits an issue
<liztormato> To be clear: has $.a = 42 is not lazy but run at build time
<masak> oh! yes, you are right. those two are not the same.

Up until that point in the conversation I was confusing "build-time" and "lazy", which are indeed different points. Leaving aside the lazy case for this issue (as the syntax is still being discussed), I think it'd make sense to document how to do the build-time default thing with attributes.

...including the nice trick with putting die in the rhs to make the object explode at build time if an attribute was not passed in.

t/pod-htmlify.t fails

doc doesn't declare a dependency on Pod::To::HTML or URI because most users don't need to run htmlify. But t/pod-htmlify.t uses Pod::Htmlify, which in turn uses URI::Escape. Which makes the test fail when one tries to install doc via panda, and also in the smoke test

Confusion in documentation of < >

Entering "< >" in the search box currently lists three entries:
Postcircumfix: .< > leads to routine/.<%20> (currently 404 not found)
Circumfix: < > leads to routine/<%20>
Quote: < > leads to syntax/<%20>

I don't think there should be a "circumfix" entry, as < > is not an operator, nor is there a circumfix:Ā«< >Ā» function/routine. As far as I can tell, it's purely a syntactic construct.

I suspect the same should be said for postcircumfix .< > -- as far as I know it's not a routine in its own right -- it's really syntactic sugar for .{< >} . It's not an operator in its own right (e.g., that could be overloaded).

Compile-time "constants" heading link broken

On docs.perl6.org/language/variables, there's a heading called Compile-time "constants" . Clicking on the link heading fails because of the quotation marks (%22) in the heading title.

The heading tag is incorrectly rendered as <h2 id="Compile-time_"constants""> .

My suggestion is to remove the quotation marks around "constants"; perhaps "compile-time variables" or "compile-time values" is a better wording anyway.

Pm

missing File::Temp dependency

just started with a fresh rakudobrew build moar; rakudobrew build-panda; panda install Task::Star; and got to this failure. Had to manually panda install File::Temp before retrying.

==> Fetching p6doc
==> Building p6doc
Compiling lib/Perl6/Type.pm to mbc
Compiling lib/Perl6/TypeGraph.pm to mbc
Compiling lib/Perl6/Documentable.pm to mbc
Compiling lib/Pod/Htmlify.pm6 to mbc
Compiling lib/Pod/Convenience.pm6 to mbc
Compiling lib/Perl6/TypeGraph/Viz.pm to mbc
Compiling lib/Perl6/Documentable/Registry.pm to mbc
Compiling lib/Pod/To/SectionFilter.pm to mbc
==> Testing p6doc
t/pod-convenience.t .. ok
===SORRY!===
Could not find File::Temp in any of: file#lib, file#lib, file#/home/hayter/.panda-work/1431054053_9/blib/lib, file#/home/hayter/.panda-work/1431054053_9/lib, file#lib, file#/home/hayter/.perl6/2015.04-179-g6b4f9be/lib, inst#/home/hayter/.perl6/2015.04-179-g6b4f9be, file#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6/lib, file#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6/vendor/lib, file#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6/site/lib, inst#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6, inst#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6/vendor, inst#/home/hayter/.rakudobrew/moar-nom/install/share/perl6/site
t/pod-htmlify.t ......
No subtests run
t/typegraph.t ........ ok

Test Summary Report

t/pod-htmlify.t (Wstat: 0 Tests: 0 Failed: 0)
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
Files=3, Tests=18, 2 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 2.32 cusr 0.07 csys = 2.40 CPU)
Result: FAIL
test stage failed for p6doc: Tests failed
in method install at lib/Panda.pm:133
in block at lib/Panda.pm:210
in method resolve at lib/Panda.pm:204
in sub MAIN at /home/hayter/.rakudobrew/bin/../moar-nom/install/share/perl6/site/bin/panda:20
in sub MAIN at /home/hayter/.rakudobrew/bin/../moar-nom/install/share/perl6/site/bin/panda:18
in block at /home/hayter/.rakudobrew/bin/../moar-nom/install/share/perl6/site/bin/panda:87

Failure Summary

Task::Star
*test stage failed for p6doc: Tests failed

[typegraph] too many inheritance arrows for roles that inherit

We have type relationships like

 role X::Comp is Exception { }
 role X::Syntax does X::Comp { }
 class X::Syntax::Confused does X::Syntax { }

now all of X::Comp, X::Syntax and X::Syntax::Confused have an inheritance arrow to Exception, which is clearly too much.

In the very least X::Syntax shouldn't have such an arrow (ie roles only have arrows to direct superclasses), and in general either the role or the class should have an inheritance arrow.

lib/Type/Str.pod small changes

line:178

  say split(';', "a;b;c", :all).perl;    # ("a", ";", "b", ";", "c").list 

should be:

  say split(';', "a;b;c", :all).perl    # (("a", ";"), ("b", ";"), "c").list

line: 180

  say split(';', "a;b;c", 2, :all).perl; #("a", ";", "b;c").list

should be:

  say split(';', "a;b;c" ,2, :all).perl  # (("a", ";"), "b;c").list

Add Getting Started section to the README

As someone new to Perl 6 I found some documentation missing and in the processes of getting familiar with certain undocumented or poorly documented packages it seems natural for me to contribute docs. Especially from the unspoiled 'what would a new user need' perspective.

But even though I am not new to programming, not new to documenting code or writing docs in general and not even new to writing POD I am having a hard time to figure out where to actually start contributing.

I am pretty sure a quick getting started guide could help a great deal to get drive-by contributions to the docs.

Add a style guide for contributers

It might be good to have a style guide for people (such as myself) who are contributing POD content to this repo, so the "finished" docs end up in a consistent and professional state.

Here are a few "questions" that imo should be covered by such a guide (though I don't have good answers for all of them):


Structure

How to document multiple similar routines

I'd suggest making it a guideline to avoid wtiting a routine's documentation in the form

Like [other method] except [...]

even when they're in the same class, because readers might not read the whole class page, but rather navigate to a specific routine (maybe even out of context in the /routine/ section of the website) and expect it to tell them how it works without being sent on a goose chase around the site.
In other words, give each routine documentation a self-contained introduction, and only link to related/similar routines below that introduction, even if that means duplicating some half-sentences multiple times.

Language

How to refer to the concept of only using the .Bool/.Num/etc. coercion of a value and discarding the original information

Compare:

  • "it evaluates the value in boolean/numeric context"
  • "it boolifies/numifies the value"
  • "it uses the truthy/numeric value"
  • "it reduces the value to its boolean/numeric equivalent"

Are all of these sufficiently professional and newbie-friendly? Which is preferred?

Whether to write 'parameter' vs 'argument'

I recently came across this in S06:

S06: "In Perl 6 culture, we distinguish the terms parameter and argument; a parameter is the formal name that will attach to an incoming argument during the course of execution, while an argument is the actual value that will be bound to the formal parameter. The process of attaching these values (arguments) to their temporary names (parameters) is known as binding. (Some C.S. literature uses the terms "formal argument" and "actual argument" for these two concepts, but here we try to avoid using the term "argument" for formal parameters.)"

I'd suggest we follow the spec here from now on, and make this an official guideline for p6doc.

Whether to write 'object' vs 'value'

Is it OK to use "objects" as an umbrella term for instances of any Perl 6 type, including immutable value types?

Or should it be reserved for reference types, and be replaced with the phrase "objects/values" whenever we're talking about both reference and value types?
(See the introduction of /type/Set for an example of this usage, though this shouldn't be seen as a recommendation.)

Whether to use past tense or present tense when talking about Perl 5 features

Compare:

  • "In Perl 5 this was used for ..., but in Perl 6 ..."
  • "In Perl 5 this is used for ..., but in Perl 6 ..."

Slipping into the past there can be tempting when writing such docs, but I think we should avoid it, as it misrepresents the development status of Perl 5 (which is actively maintained both now and probably for a long time to come), and could come across as needlessly abrasive to Perl 5 programmers.

Formatting

How to show output of sample code lines

Currently, we tend to use normal # comments both for annotating code, and for showing its output:

my @a = 2, 4, 6; # creates a new array
say @a.WHAT;     # (Array)

Though I think I've also seen this convention used somewhere:

my @a = 2, 4, 6; # creates a new array
say @a.WHAT;     #> (Array)

It could avoid ambiguity, and while it is a little uglier by itself, htmlify could detect it so we could give it special CSS rendering (think dark background with light text like a terminal) that would make its purpose extra clear to readers.

Would it be worth it?


Make search function (in web version of p6doc) visible

http://doc.perl6.org/search is an URL that delivers search-as-you-type results and/or a web listing of search results.

This search feature is just about invisible. A google search for links to it returns no matches. It's not even linked from any of the http://doc.perl6.org/ pages!

I think making it visible would deliver a relatively big bang for the buck.

Some ideas:

  • add a search link, or the box itself, to http://doc.perl6.org/ pages
  • add a search link, or the box itself, to other pages in perl6.org?
  • ask folk to add a link outside of perl6.org (eg topic of #perl6 IRC channel)?
  • publish code to allow adding the search box to pages outside perl6.org?
  • ask folk with pages outside per6.org to add a link/box? (eg http://search.perlhacks.com)?
  • can it be tied directly in to CSEs (eg http://search.perlhacks.com, http://now.perl6.org)?
  • can it be tied directly in to duckduckgo's Perl 6 search?
  • other ideas?

Html link to Compile-time variables.

On the page http://doc.perl6.org/language/variables at the bottom of the The ? Twigil section there is a pointer to Compile-time variables (http://doc.perl6.org/type/Compile-time%20variables) which points to a non-existing document. I also couldn't find an alternative file in the same directory.

Allow search for variables

Today on IRC a P6 newbie was asking for the Perl 6 equivalent of Perl 5's __FILE__ . It might be nice the search box would allow searching for variables by name.

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