rbo's Issues
Definition: A factor assigned to a type of ionizing radiation in converting absorbed dose measured in grays to a biologically equivalent dose measured in sieverts. In formula form, (equivalent dose) = (quality factor) x (absorbed dose).
Suggested definition: The RBE of a type of radiation is the ratio of the dose, D_R, of a reference radiation, typically gamma or x-rays, needed to produce the same degree of biological effect on an organism as a given dose of the radiation of interest
Definition Source: NCIT
Example of usage: If 11 Gy of x-rays result in the same amount of cell killing as 10 Gy of protons, the RBE of protons is 1.1
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Editor Preferred Term:
Term Editor: J. Miller
The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m–2 or cm–2) (i.e., particles per m2 or per cm2).
High energy electromagnetic radiation produced by internal processes and interactions involving atomic nuclei.
Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV
Any process by which a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, thereby acquiring a net electric charge
Unimport PATO. definition
NTR:
The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s–1.)
A free electron or positron.
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The term used to describe the effects on cells in which the energy had not been directly deposited. In most instances, the cells so affected were neighbors of the cells directly impacted by the radiation
The science or technique of determining radiation dose.
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or dissociate a molecule into ions
Definition: A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation
Definition Source: PATO, AGRO, DPO, ECO, ECOCORE, ECTO, ENVO, FLOPO, GAZ, HP, MCO, MONDO, MP, MS, NBO, OBA, OBI, OLOBO, PLANP, TO, UPHENO, WBPhenotype, XPO, ZP
Alternate Definition: A characterization of radiation in terms of one or more parameters, e.g. particle type, energy or linear energy transfer.
Example of usage: "Radiation quality has been commonly expressed in terms of the LET of the ionizing particles that deliver the absorbed dose." (Rossi, 1959)
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Alternative Term:
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Term Editor: J. Miller
Energetic nuclei of helium atoms, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, emitted spontaneously from nuclei in the decay of some radionuclides. Alpha radiation is weakly penetrating, and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer dead layer of skin. Also called alpha particle and sometimes shortened to alpha (e.g., alpha-emitting radionuclide).
The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon per unit path length in a given material or biological entity
An action designed to reduce or mitigate the effects of radiation
In RBO but undefined. Use:
An atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons. Ions with charges between 2 (helium) and approximately 10 (neon) are sometimes referred to as light ions.
The product of absorbed radiation dose and a dimensionless, organ-specific weighting factor.
A free electron or positron.
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Exposure of an organism or object to radiation, typically from a defined source such as an x-ray machine, radioactive isotope or particle accelerator, or to ambient radiation on the ground (e.g. ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, radon) or in space (e.g. the Earth’s trapped radiation belts, galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events)
A quantity equal to the product of the absorbed radiation dose and a dimensionless weighting factor proportional to the propensity of a given radiation type to produce a biological effect.
Radiation composed of more than one type of particle.
The excess risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included
Definition: A condition where the effects of gravity are not felt or are extremely small. Microgravity can obtain when an object is unsupported, as in free fall, or when the downward acceleration of gravity is offset by an upward force, e.g. centripetal acceleration in an aircraft flying a parabolic trajectory.
Definition Source: Ed.
Example of usage: Experiments on the International Space Station are used to test the effects of microgravity on biological samples and physical phenomena.
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Alternative Term: weightlessness, zero-G
Editor Preferred Term: microgravity
Term Editor: J. Miller
The product of absorbed dose and a dimensionless weighting factor depending on the effect of the radiation on the whole body.
Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space
Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a long distance and leave a trail of secondary ionizations.
Definition: The net absence of the effect of gravity on a body. Weightlessness can occur in free fall, e.g. an astronaut in orbit; a skydiver or in an aircraft in parabolic flight, when the outward centripetal acceleration due to the aircraft trajectory balances the downward acceleration due to the Earth's gravity.
Definition Source: Ed.
Example of usage: Crewmembers on the International Space Station experience prolonged weightlessness
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Alternative Term: microgravity, zero-G
Editor Preferred Term: microgravity
Term Editor: J. Miller
Ambient radiation from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation due to naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, radon, and naturally-occurring radionuclides in the human body
A unit of measurement of the dose of radiation received or absorbed.
An atom or molecule having a net electric charge
The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter
"As Low As Reasonably Achievable" A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expenditure of further resources would be unwarranted by the reduction in exposure that would be achieved.
Definition: A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy.
Definition Source: ENVO
Example of usage: The biological samples were exposed to 1 Gray of x-ray radiation
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Alternative Term: x-ray
Proposed alternative definition: Electromagnetic radiation produced by atomic electrons transitioning from a more loosely bound to a more tightly bound orbit.
X-ray energies range from approximately 100 to 1000 keV.
Editor Preferred Term: x-ray
Term Editor: J. Miller
In researching radiation definitions I ran across this:
https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf
It could form the basis for the RBO. This is the 2011 version. I'll research whether it's been updated. For radiation biologists the NCRP is considered an authoritative source. (Though not the only one--there is also the ICRP, among others.)
Although it would be a huge task, one could do worse than go through this list, term by term, compare it to other ontologies, and make the NCRP def. or an edited version either the recommended def. or an alternate def.
I'm going to do that for the terms that we've identified so far that are relevant to GL .
The radiation dose received or absorbed, divided by the time of exposure
The region traversed by Earth-orbiting spacecraft within the Earth's radiation belts; typical altitudes are several hundred miles.
unimport CHEBI definition
NTR "An atom or molecule having a net electric charge"
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Radiation exposure received during a short-time period (e.g., hours).
Definition: A factor assigned to a type of ionizing radiation in converting absorbed dose measured in grays to a biologically equivalent dose measured in sieverts. In formula form, (equivalent dose) = (quality factor) x (absorbed dose).
Definition Source: NCIT
Alternative definition (NCRP): Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed dose (D) at a point in tissue to dose equivalent (H ) at a point, where H = D × Q. The quality factor is a specified function of unrestricted linear energy transfer in water, and is defined with respect to the particular type and energy of radiation incident on tissue at the point of interest
Example of usage: Neutrons have been assigned a quality factor 2, of 10. Hence a neutron dose of 10 Gy translates to a dose equivalent of 100 Sv.
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Alternative Term: Quality Factor, Q
Editor Preferred Term: Quality Factor
Term Editor: J. Miller
Beta particles emitted during radioactive decay.
Rate of transformation (or disintegration or decay) of radioactive material. The SI unit of activity is the reciprocal second (s–1) (meaning one transformation per second), and its special name is the becquerel (Bq). In previous units often used by state and federal agencies, activity is given in curies (Ci); 1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 Bq.
Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that exposure).
An atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons.
The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma, neutrons, etc.) deposited in any medium (e.g. water, tissue, air) per unit mass.
Radiation capable of ionizing the constituent atoms or molecules in substances through which it passes
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