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SeleniumBase simplifies Web-UI automation by extending Python's unittest framework with WebDriver APIs and intelligent code.

No more repetitive WebDriver code:
SeleniumBase automatically handles common WebDriver actions such as spinning up web browsers, waiting for page objects to load, saving screenshots during test failures, and more. (Read about the command line interface.)

Simple Python syntax makes coding easy:

(By default, CSS Selectors are used for finding page elements.)

Run tests with Pytest or Nose in any browser:

pytest my_first_test.py --browser=chrome

nosetests my_test_suite.py --browser=firefox

Watch my_first_test.py run in Demo Mode:

(If you remove all the asserts from that test, you're left with basic_script.py, which performs all the actions you can see when running the test.)

No more messy code:
This long line of standard WebDriver code,

self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector("textarea").send_keys("text")

...becomes the following in SeleniumBase:

self.update_text("textarea", "text")

(You can still use self.driver in your code.)

No more flaky tests:
SeleniumBase methods automatically wait for page elements to finish loading before interacting with them (up to a timeout limit). This means you no longer need random time.sleep() statements in your code.

Assist manual QA with automation:
SeleniumBase includes an automated/manual hybrid solution called MasterQA, which speeds up manual testing by having automation perform all the web browser actions while the manual tester only validates what is seen.

Integrate with your favorite tools:
SeleniumBase is compatible with Selenium Grid, MySQL, Docker, NodeJS, Google Cloud, and AWS.

Comes with a business mindset:
SeleniumBase makes it easy to automate tedious business tasks. (To learn about businesses using SeleniumBase, Click Here.)

Extensively tested and made with love:
SeleniumBase was originally built for testing HubSpot's platform and automating business processes. In 2014, SeleniumBase was open-sourced and spun off as its own independent entity to benefit users everywhere.

Contains lots of additional features:
(Read more about SeleniumBase features here)

Before installation, install Python and get a WebDriver on your system PATH.

git clone https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.git

cd SeleniumBase

(A Git GUI tool like SourceTree may help.)

(OPTIONAL) To learn how to create a Python virtual environment, see this ReadMe.

If you're installing SeleniumBase from a cloned copy on your machine, use:

pip install -U -r requirements.txt

python setup.py develop

If you're installing SeleniumBase from the Python Package Index, use:

pip install -U seleniumbase

If you're installing SeleniumBase directly from GitHub, use:

pip install -U -e git+https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase.git@master#egg=seleniumbase

(If you encounter permission errors during installation while not using a virtual environment, you may need to add --user to your pip command.)

Here's what the example script looks like:

from seleniumbase import BaseCase

class MyTestClass(BaseCase):

    def test_basic(self):
        self.open('http://xkcd.com/353/')
        self.assert_element('img[alt="Python"]')
        self.click('a[rel="license"]')
        self.assert_text('free to copy', 'div center')
        self.open("http://xkcd.com/1481/")
        title = self.get_attribute("#comic img", "title")
        self.assertTrue("86,400 seconds per day" in title)
        self.click('link=Blag')
        self.assert_text('The blag of the webcomic', 'h2')
        self.update_text('input#s', 'Robots!\n')
        self.assert_text('Hooray robots!', '#content')
        self.open('http://xkcd.com/1319/')
        self.assert_text('Automation', 'div#ctitle')

(By default, CSS Selectors are used for finding page elements.)

Here's how to run the example script on various web browsers:

(NOTE: You can interchange nosetests with pytest at anytime.)

cd examples/

pytest my_first_test.py --browser=chrome

nosetests my_first_test.py --browser=firefox

(If no browser is specified, Chrome is used by default.)

If the example test is moving too fast for your eyes to see what's going on, you can run it in Demo Mode by adding --demo_mode on the command line, which pauses the browser briefly between actions, and highlights page elements being acted on:

pytest my_first_test.py --browser=chrome --demo_mode

You can override the default wait time by either updating settings.py or by using --demo_sleep={NUM} when using Demo Mode. (NOTE: If you use --demo_sleep={NUM} without using --demo_mode, nothing will happen.)

nosetests my_first_test.py --browser=chrome --demo_mode --demo_sleep=1.2

You can also use the following in your scripts to slow down the tests:

import time; time.sleep(5)  # sleep for 5 seconds (add this after the line you want to pause on)
import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()  # waits for your command. n = next line of current method, c = continue, s = step / next executed line (will jump)

(NOTE: If you're using pytest instead of nosetests and you want to use ipdb in your script for debugging purposes, you'll either need to add --capture=no on the command line, or use import pytest; pytest.set_trace() instead of using ipdb. More info on that here.)

You may also want to have your test sleep in other situations where you need to have your test wait for something. If you know what you're waiting for, you should be specific by using a command that waits for something specific to happen.

If you need to debug things on the fly (in case of errors), use this:

nosetests my_first_test.py --browser=chrome --pdb --pdb-failures -s

The above code (with --pdb) will leave your browser window open in case there's a failure, which is possible if the web pages from the example change the data that's displayed on the page. (ipdb commands: 'c', 's', 'n' => continue, step, next). You may need the -s in order to see all console output.

Here are some other useful nosetest arguments for appending to your run commands:

--logging-level=INFO  # Hide DEBUG messages, which can be overwhelming.
-x  # Stop running the tests after the first failure is reached.
-v  # Prints the full test name rather than a dot for each test.
--with-id  # If -v is also used, will number the tests for easy counting.

During test failures you'll get detailed log files, which include screenshots, page source, and basic test info, which will get added to the logs folder at latest_logs/. (Unless you have ARCHIVE_EXISTING_LOGS set to True in settings.py, log files with be cleaned up at the start of the next test run. If the archive feature is enabled, those logs will get saved to the archived_logs/ folder.) The my_test_suite.py collection contains tests that fail on purpose so that you can see how logging works.

cd examples/

pytest my_test_suite.py --browser=chrome

pytest my_test_suite.py --browser=firefox

If you want to run tests headlessly, use --headless, which you'll need to do if your system lacks a GUI interface. Even if your system does have a GUI interface, it may still support headless browser automation.

For running tests outside of the SeleniumBase repo with Pytest, you'll want a copy of pytest.ini on the root folder. (Subfolders should include a blank __init__.py file.)

For running tests outside of the SeleniumBase repo with Nosetests, you'll want a copy of setup.cfg on the root folder. (Subfolders should include a blank __init__.py file.)

If you want to pass additional data from the command line to your tests, you can use --data=STRING. Now inside your tests, you can use self.data to access that.

To run Pytest multithreaded on multiple CPUs at the same time, add -n NUM on the command line, where NUM is the number of CPUs you want to use.

(NOTE: The command line args are different for Pytest vs Nosetests)

Using --html=report.html gives you a fancy report of the name specified after your test suite completes.

pytest my_test_suite.py --html=report.html

You can also use --junitxml=report.xml to get an xml report instead. Jenkins can use this file to display better reporting for your tests.

pytest my_test_suite.py --junitxml=report.xml

The --report option gives you a fancy report after your test suite completes.

nosetests my_test_suite.py --report

(NOTE: You can add --show_report to immediately display Nosetest reports after the test suite completes. Only use --show_report when running tests locally because it pauses the test run.)

If you wish to use a proxy server for your browser tests (Chrome and Firefox only), you can add --proxy=IP_ADDRESS:PORT as an argument on the command line.

pytest proxy_test.py --proxy=IP_ADDRESS:PORT

To make things easier, you can add your frequently-used proxies to PROXY_LIST in proxy_list.py, and then use --proxy=KEY_FROM_PROXY_LIST to use the IP_ADDRESS:PORT of that key.

pytest proxy_test.py --proxy=proxy1

Here are some things you can do to setup a production environment for your testing:

• You can setup a Jenkins build server for running tests at regular intervals. Jenkins has many plugins available, such as the Xvfb headless browser plugin for running tests on a machine with no GUI. If you have Xvfb running in the background, you can add --headless to your run command in order to utilize it. For more info about the Xvfb plugin, read this. For a real-world Jenkins example of headless browser automation in action, check out the SeleniumBase Google Cloud ReadMe.

• You can use the Selenium Grid to scale your testing by distributing tests on several machines with parallel execution. To do this, check out the SeleniumBase selenium_grid folder, which should have everything you need. The Selenium Grid ReadMe will help you get started.

• If you're using the SeleniumBase MySQL feature to save results from tests running on a server machine, you can install MySQL Workbench to help you read & write from your DB more easily. You'll also need to install the MySQL Python client. Depending on your system, you may need to install additional requirements for this (such as on Windows). See Stackoverflow for more info.

pip install mysqlclient==1.3.12

• If you use Slack, you can easily have your Jenkins jobs display results there by using the Jenkins Slack Plugin. Another way to send messages from your tests to Slack is by using Slack's Incoming Webhooks API.

• If you use HipChat, you can easily have your Jenkins jobs display results there by using the Jenkins HipChat Plugin. Another way is by using the hipchat_reporting plugin (nosetests only).

• If you're using AWS, you can setup an Amazon S3 account for saving your log files and screenshots for future viewing. SeleniumBase already has all the code you need to connect to S3. You'll need to modify settings.py with connection details to your instance and the location in S3 where you want log files to be saved. You'll also need to add "--with-s3_logging" on the command line when you run your tests.

Here's an example of running tests with additional features enabled:

nosetests [YOUR_TEST_FILE].py --browser=chrome --with-db_reporting --with-s3_logging -s

(NOTE: If you haven't configured your MySQL or S3 connections in settings.py, don't use --with-db_reporting or --with-s3_logging.)

When the testing_base plugin is used, if there's a test failure, the basic_test_info plugin records test logs, the page_source plugin records the page source of the last web page seen by the test, and the screen_shots plugin records the image of the last page seen by the test where the failure occurred. Make sure you always include testing_base whenever you include a plugin that logs test data. The db_reporting plugin records the status of all tests run into your MySQL DB. The s3_logging plugin uploads basic test info, screenshots, and page source into your S3 storage folder.

To simplify that long run command, you can create a *.cfg file, such as the one provided in the example, and enter your plugins there so that you can run everything by typing:

nosetests [YOUR_TEST_FILE].py --config=[MY_CONFIG_FILE].cfg

You can simplify that even more by using a setup.cfg file, such as the one provided for you in the examples folder. If you kick off a test run from within the folder that setup.cfg is location in, that file will automatically be used as your configuration, meaning that you wouldn't have to type out all the plugins that you want to use (or include a config file) everytime you run tests.

If you tell nosetests to run an entire file, it will run every method in that python file that starts with "test". You can be more specific on what to run by doing something like:

nosetests [YOUR_TEST_FILE].py:[SOME_CLASS_NAME].test_[SOME_TEST_NAME] --config=[MY_CONFIG_FILE].cfg

Let's try an example of a test that fails:

""" test_fail.py """
from seleniumbase import BaseCase

class MyTestClass(BaseCase):

    def test_find_army_of_robots_on_xkcd_desert_island(self):
        self.open("http://xkcd.com/731/")
        self.assert_element("div#ARMY_OF_ROBOTS", timeout=1)  # This should fail

You can run it from the examples folder like this:

nosetests test_fail.py

You'll notice that a logs folder, "latest_logs", was created to hold information about the failing test, and screenshots. Take a look at what you get. Remember, this data can be saved in your MySQL DB and in S3 if you include the necessary plugins in your run command (and if you set up the neccessary connections properly). For future test runs, past test results will get stored in the archived_logs folder if you have ARCHIVE_EXISTING_LOGS set to True in settings.py.

self.open("https://xkcd.com/378/")  # This method opens the specified page.

self.go_back()  # This method navigates the browser to the previous page.

self.go_forward()  # This method navigates the browser forward in history.

self.refresh_page()  # This method reloads the current page.

self.get_current_url()  # This method returns the current page URL.

self.get_page_source()  # This method returns the current page source.

ProTip™: You may need to use the get_page_source() method along with Python's find() command to parse through the source to find something that Selenium wouldn't be able to. (You may want to brush up on your Python programming skills for that.) Ex:

source = self.get_page_source()
first_image_open_tag = source.find('<img>')
first_image_close_tag = source.find'</img>', first_image_open_tag)
everything_inside_first_image_tags = source[first_image_open_tag+len('<img>'):first_image_close_tag]

To click an element on the page:

self.click("div#my_id")

ProTip™: In most web browsers, you can right-click on a page and select Inspect Element to see the CSS selector details that you'll need to create your own scripts.

self.update_text(selector, text) # updates the text from the specified element with the specified value. An exception is raised if the element is missing or if the text field is not editable. Example:

self.update_text("input#id_value", "2012")

You can also use self.add_text() or the WebDriver .send_keys() command, but those won't clear the text box first if there's already text inside. If you want to type in special keys, that's easy too. Here's an example:

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
self.find_element("textarea").send_keys(Keys.SPACE + Keys.BACK_SPACE + '\n')  # the backspace should cancel out the space, leaving you with the newline

text = self.get_text("header h2")

attribute = self.get_attribute("#comic img", "title")

self.wait_for_element_present("div.my_class", timeout=10)

(NOTE: You can also use: self.assert_element_present(ELEMENT))

self.wait_for_element_visible("a.my_class", timeout=5)

(NOTE: The short versions of this are self.find_element(ELEMENT) and self.assert_element(ELEMENT). The find_element() version returns the element)

Since the line above returns the element, you can combine that with .click() as shown below:

self.find_element("a.my_class", timeout=5).click()

# But you're better off using the following statement, which does the same thing:

self.click("a.my_class")  # DO IT THIS WAY!

ProTip™: You can use dots to signify class names (Ex: div.class_name) as a simplified version of div[class="class_name"] within a CSS selector.

You can also use *= to search for any partial value in a CSS selector as shown below:

self.click('a[name*="partial_name"]')

self.assert_text("Make it so!", "div#trek div.picard div.quotes")
self.assert_text("Tea. Earl Grey. Hot.", "div#trek div.picard div.quotes", timeout=3)

(NOTE: self.find_text(TEXT, ELEMENT) and self.wait_for_text(TEXT, ELEMENT) also do this. For backwords compatibility, older method names were kept, but the default timeout may be different.)

self.assertTrue(myvar1 == something)

self.assertEqual(var1, var2)

is_element_visible(selector) # is an element visible on a page

import logging
if self.is_element_visible('div#warning'):
    logging.debug("Red Alert: Something bad might be happening!")

is_element_present(selector) # is an element present on a page

if self.is_element_present('div#top_secret img.tracking_cookie'):
    self.contact_cookie_monster()  # Not a real method unless you define it somewhere
else:
    current_url = self.get_current_url()
    self.contact_the_nsa(url=current_url, message="Dark Zone Found")  # Not a real method unless you define it somewhere

Another example:

def is_there_a_cloaked_klingon_ship_on_this_page():
    if self.is_element_present("div.ships div.klingon"):
        return not self.is_element_visible("div.ships div.klingon")
    return False

is_text_visible(text, selector) # is text visible on a page

def get_mirror_universe_captain_picard_superbowl_ad(superbowl_year):
    selector = "div.superbowl_%s div.commercials div.transcript div.picard" % superbowl_year
    if self.is_text_visible("For the Love of Marketing and Earl Grey Tea!", selector):
        return "Picard HubSpot Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("Delivery Drones... Engage", selector):
        return "Picard Amazon Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("Bing it on Screen!", selector):
        return "Picard Microsoft Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("OK Glass, Make it So!", selector):
        return "Picard Google Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("Number One, I've Never Seen Anything Like It.", selector):
        return "Picard Tesla Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("""With the first link, the chain is forged.
                              The first speech censored, the first thought forbidden,
                              the first freedom denied, chains us all irrevocably.""", selector):
        return "Picard Wikimedia Superbowl Ad 2015"
    elif self.is_text_visible("Let us make sure history never forgets the name ... Facebook", selector):
        return "Picard Facebook Superbowl Ad 2015"
    else:
        raise Exception("Reports of my assimilation are greatly exaggerated.")

What if your test opens up a new tab/window and now you have more than one page? No problem. You need to specify which one you currently want Selenium to use. Switching between tabs/windows is easy: Ex:

self.switch_to_window(1)  # this switches to the new tab (0 is the first one)

ProTip™: iFrames follow the same principle as new windows - you need to specify the iFrame if you want to take action on something in there Ex:

self.switch_to_frame('ContentManagerTextBody_ifr')
# Now you can act inside the iFrame
# .... Do something cool (here)
self.switch_to_default_content()  # exit the iFrame when you're done

What if your test makes an alert pop up in your browser? No problem. You need to switch to it and either accept it or dismiss it: Ex:

self.wait_for_and_accept_alert()

self.wait_for_and_dismiss_alert()

If you're not sure whether there's an alert before trying to accept or dismiss it, one way to handle that is to wrap your alert-handling code in a try/except block. Other methods such as .text and .send_keys() will also work with alerts.

jQuery is a powerful JavaScript library that allows you to perform advanced actions in a web browser. If the web page you're on already has jQuery loaded, you can start executing jQuery scripts immediately. You'd know this because the web page would contain something like the following in the HTML:

<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

It's OK if you want to use jQuery on a page that doesn't have it loaded yet. To do so, run the following command first:

self.activate_jquery()

Here are some examples of using jQuery in your scripts:

self.execute_script('jQuery, window.scrollTo(0, 600)')  # Scrolling the page

self.execute_script("jQuery('#annoying-widget').hide()")  # Hiding elements on a page

self.execute_script("jQuery('#hidden-widget').show(0)")  # Showing hidden elements on a page

self.execute_script("jQuery('#annoying-button a').remove()")  # Removing elements on a page

self.execute_script("jQuery('%s').mouseover()" % (mouse_over_item))  # Mouse-over elements on a page

self.execute_script("jQuery('input#the_id').val('my_text')")  # Fast text input on a page

self.execute_script("jQuery('div#dropdown a.link').click()")  # Click elements on a page

self.execute_script("return jQuery('div#amazing')[0].text")  # Returns the css "text" of the element given

self.execute_script("return jQuery('textarea')[2].value")  # Returns the css "value" of the 3rd textarea element on the page

In the following example, JavaScript is used to plant code on a page that Selenium can then touch after that:

start_page = "https://xkcd.com/465/"
destination_page = "https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase"
self.open(start_page)
referral_link = '''<a class='analytics test' href='%s'>Free-Referral Button!</a>''' % destination_page
self.execute_script('''document.body.innerHTML = \"%s\"''' % referral_link)
self.click("a.analytics")  # Clicks the generated button

(Due to popular demand, this traffic generation example has been baked into SeleniumBase with the self.generate_referral(start_page, end_page) and the self.generate_traffic(start_page, end_page, loops) methods.)

Let's say you want to verify multiple different elements on a web page in a single test, but you don't want the test to fail until you verified several elements at once so that you don't have to rerun the test to find more missing elements on the same page. That's where delayed asserts come in. Here's the example:

from seleniumbase import BaseCase

class MyTestClass(BaseCase):

    def test_delayed_asserts(self):
        self.open('http://xkcd.com/993/')
        self.wait_for_element('#comic')
        self.delayed_assert_element('img[alt="Brand Identity"]')
        self.delayed_assert_element('img[alt="Rocket Ship"]')  # Will Fail
        self.delayed_assert_element('#comicmap')
        self.delayed_assert_text('Fake Item', '#middleContainer')  # Will Fail
        self.delayed_assert_text('Random', '#middleContainer')
        self.delayed_assert_element('a[name="Super Fake !!!"]')  # Will Fail
        self.process_delayed_asserts()

delayed_assert_element() and delayed_assert_text() will save any exceptions that would be raised. To flush out all the failed delayed asserts into a single exception, make sure to call self.process_delayed_asserts() at the end of your test method. If your test hits multiple pages, you can call self.process_delayed_asserts() at the end of all your delayed asserts for a single page. This way, the screenshot from your log file will have the location where the delayed asserts were made.

If you need access to any commands that come with standard WebDriver, you can call them directly like this:

self.driver.delete_all_cookies()
capabilities = self.driver.capabilities
self.driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text("GitHub")

(In general, you'll want to use the SeleniumBase versions of methods when available.)

Let's say you have a test that sends an email, and now you want to check that the email was received:

from seleniumbase.fixtures.email_manager import EmailManager, EmailException
num_email_results = 0
email_subject = "This is the subject to search for (maybe include a timestamp)"
email_manager = EmailManager("{YOUR SELENIUM GMAIL ACCOUNT EMAIL ADDRESS}")  # the password for this would be stored in seleniumbase/config/settings.py
try:
    html_text = email_manager.search(SUBJECT="%s" % email_subject, timeout=300)
    num_email_results = len(html_text)
except EmailException:
    num_email_results = 0
self.assertTrue(num_email_results)  # true if not zero

Now you can parse through the email if you're looking for specific text or want to navigate to a link listed there.

Congratulations on learning how to use SeleniumBase!

Questions or Comments?

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