https://twitter.com/pvh/status/567395527357001728
This is an extension for PostgreSQL that provides a uri data type.
Advantages over using plain text for storing URIs include:
- URI syntax checking
- functions for extracting URI components
- human-friendly sorting
The actual URI parsing is provided by the uriparser library, which supports URI syntax as per RFC 3986.
Note that this might not be the right data type to use if you want to store user-provided URI data, such as HTTP referrers, since they might contain arbitrary junk.
You need to have the above-mentioned uriparser library installed.
It is included in many operating system distributions and package
management systems. pkg-config will be used to find it. I
recommend at least version 0.8.0. Older versions will also work, but
they apparently contain some bugs and might fail to correctly accept
or reject URI syntax corner cases. This is mainly a problem if your
application needs to be robust against junk input.
To build and install this module:
make
make install
or selecting a specific PostgreSQL installation:
make PG_CONFIG=/some/where/bin/pg_config
make PG_CONFIG=/some/where/bin/pg_config install
And finally inside the database:
CREATE EXTENSION uri;
This module provides a data type uri that you can use like a normal
type. For example:
CREATE TABLE links (
id int PRIMARY KEY,
link uri
);
INSERT INTO links VALUES (1, 'https://github.com/petere/pguri');A number of functions are provided to extract parts of a URI:
-
uri_scheme(uri) returns textExtracts the scheme of a URI, for example
httporftpormailto. -
uri_userinfo(uri) returns textExtracts the user info part of a URI. This is normally a user name, but could also be of the form
username:password. If the URI does not contain a user info part, then this will return null. -
uri_host(uri) returns textExtracts the host of a URI, for example
www.example.comor192.168.0.1. (For IPv6 addresses, the brackets are not included here.) If there is no host, the return value is null. -
uri_host_inet(uri) returns inetIf the host is a raw IP address, then this will return it as an
inetdatum. Otherwise (not an IP address or no host at all), the return value is null. -
uri_port(uri) returns integerExtracts the port of a URI as an integer, for example
5432. If no port is specified, the return value is null. -
uri_path(uri) returns textExtracts the path component of a URI. Logically, a URI always contains a path. The return value can be an empty string but never null.
-
uri_path_array(uri) returns text[]Returns the path component of a URI as an array, with the path split at the slash characters. This is probably not as useful as the
uri_pathfunction, but it is provided here because theuriparserlibrary exposes it. -
uri_query(uri) returns textExtracts the query part of a URI (roughly speaking, everything after the
?). If there is no query part, returns null. -
uri_fragment(uri) returns textExtracts the fragment part of a URI (roughly speaking, everything after the
#). If there is no fragment part, returns null.
Other functions:
-
uri_normalize(uri) returns uriPerforms syntax-based normalization of the URI. This includes case normalization, percent-encoding normalization, and removing redundant
.and..path segments. See RFC 3986 section 6.2.2 for the full details.Note that this module (and similar modules in other programming languages) compares URIs for equality in their original form, without normalization. If you want to consider distinct URIs without regard for mostly irrelevant syntax differences, pass them through this function.
-
uri_escape(text, space_to_plus boolean DEFAULT false, normalize_breaks boolean DEFAULT false) returns textPercent-encodes all reserved characters from the text. This can be useful for constructing URIs from strings.
If
space_to_plusis true, then spaces are replaced by plus signs. Ifnormalize_breaksis true, then line breaks are converted to CR LF pairs (and subsequently percent-encoded). Note that these two conversions come from the HTML standard for encoding form data but are not part of the specification for URIs. -
uri_unescape(text, plus_to_space boolean DEFAULT false, break_conversion boolean DEFAULT false) returns textDecodes all percent-encodings in the text.
If
plus_to_spaceis true, then plus signs are converted to spaces. Ifbreak_conversionis true, then CR LF pairs are converted to simple newlines (\n).
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