• ABSTRACT: In face-to-face and online learning, emotions and emotional intelligence have an influence and play an essential role. Learners’ emotions are crucial for e-learning system because they promote or restrain the learning. Many researchers have investigated the impacts of emotions in enhancing and maximizing e-learning outcomes. Several machine learning and deep learning approaches have also been proposed to achieve this goal. All such approaches are suitable for an offline mode, where the data for emotion classification are stored and can be accessed infinitely. However, these offline mode approaches are inappropriate for real-time emotion classification when the data are coming in a continuous stream and data can be seen to the model at once only. We also need real-time responses according to the emotional state. For this, we propose a real-time emotion classification system (RECS)-based Logistic Regression (LR) trained in an online fashion using the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm. The proposed RECS is capable of classifying emotions in real-time by training the model in an online fashion using an EEG signal stream. To validate the performance of RECS, we have used the DEAP data set, which is the most widely used benchmark data set for emotion classification. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively classify emotions in real-time from the EEG data stream, which achieved a better accuracy and F1-score than other offline and online approaches. The developed real-time emotion classification system is analyzed in an e-learning context scenario.

DEAP dataset is required. The experiment is conducted using the EEG measurements taken from DEAP dataset. To download DEAP dataset click on : https://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/mmv/datasets/deap/download.html

• Programming language

  • Python 3.6

• Operating system

  • Ubuntu 18.04 (64 bit)

• Required packages

  • Scikit-Learn ← for model's performance matrics.

• Installation steps:

  • Step 1: Install Anaconda.
  • Step 2: Create a virtual environment in Anaconnda using the given yml environment file.
  • Step 3: Open terminal, and activate environment.
  • Step 4: Run files 😉.

• The developed system is called "Real-time Emotion Classification System (RECS)". The RECS is developed using Logistic Regression (LR) optimized with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in online mode.

• This work is published in MDPI Sensors Journal. The link to the paper "Real-Time Emotion Classification Using EEG Data Stream in E-Learning Contexts" is : https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051589.

Please cite the paper using the following bibtex:

@Article{s21051589,
  AUTHOR = {Nandi, Arijit and Xhafa, Fatos and Subirats, Laia and Fort, Santi},
  TITLE = {Real-Time Emotion Classification Using EEG Data Stream in E-Learning Contexts},
  JOURNAL = {Sensors},
  VOLUME = {21},
  YEAR = {2021},
  NUMBER = {5},
  ARTICLE-NUMBER = {1589},
  URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1589},
  ISSN = {1424-8220},
  DOI = {10.3390/s21051589}
}

MDPI and ACS Style

Nandi, A.; Xhafa, F.; Subirats, L.; Fort, S. Real-Time Emotion Classification Using EEG Data Stream in E-Learning Contexts. Sensors 2021, 21, 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051589

AMA Style

Nandi A, Xhafa F, Subirats L, Fort S. Real-Time Emotion Classification Using EEG Data Stream in E-Learning Contexts. Sensors. 2021; 21(5):1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051589

Copyright © Arijit. This project is MIT licensed.