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Spurious Correlations in Online Psychiatry Studies

Code and data for Zorowitz, Solis, Niv, & Bennett (2023). Inattentive responding can induce spurious associations between task behavior and symptom measures. Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01640-7

Project Organization

The code for this project is divided across five branches:

main (current branch)         <- all of the data and analysis code
mturk-reversal-learning       <- software for the reversal learning experiment  (MTurk version)
mturk-two-step                <- software for the two-step experiment           (MTurk version)
prolific-reversal-learning    <- software for the reversal learning experiment  (Prolific version)
prolific-two-step             <- software for the two-step experiment           (Prolific version)

The organization of the main branch (current branch) is as follows:

├── 01_Original               <- Notebooks, data, and code from the original study.
├── 02_Replication            <- Notebooks, data, and code from the replication study.
├── 03_Patients               <- Notebooks, data, and code from the patient study.
├── forums                    <- Examples of workers discussing attention checks.
├── manuscripts               <- LaTeX-formatted manuscripts.

Contact

Sam Zorowitz (zorowitz [at] princeton.edu)

Acknowledgements

The research reported in this manuscript was supported in part by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) under award number 5R01MH119511-02, and by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institute of Health (NIH), under award number UL1TR003017. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. SZ was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. DB was supported by an Early Career Fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (#1165010).

sciops's People

Contributors

danielbrianbennett avatar szorowi1 avatar

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sciops's Issues

Outstanding analysis items

  • Include PSWQ?
  • Combine BAS-D / BAS-R?
  • Fix RSTD model?
  • Softmax parameterization?
  • 7u/7d cutoffs
  • Journal?

data collection (pt 2)

  • program surveys
  • program attention checks
  • program two-step task
  • test experiment
  • collect data

next round of analyses

  • Under Q2: What is the correspondence of different metrics on rejecting participants under different thresholds? Look into generalizations of the Dice coefficient?
  • Under Q3: Is there are correlation between asymmetric learning rates, questionnaire sum scores, and low-effort responding?
  • Under Q3: Dig into hypomania correlations?
  • Under Q3: Is there some combination of metrics that can be used to predict low-effort responding via infrequency items assuming they were not collected? Look into decision tree literature?
  • Under Q3: Simulations

progress 2020-07-11

Some points for discussion after looking through the data today:

  • Infrequency thresholds: we may want to think about the consistency between the different infrequency items, which is lower than what would be expected under pure random responding. Obviously pure random responding an unrealistic assumption, but I'm wondering if there's anything else to say about those items (e.g. all-endorse items are somehow less discriminative?).

  • Additional survey metrics: there are some recommended survey quality metrics I have not yet implemented as they are somewhat challenging for our dataset. A metric like internal (split-half) consistency is possibly less robust in our case where we have few items per subscale. Similarly, it's not clear if we have enough items to compute consistency via "psychometric synonyms/antonyms". It doesn't seem crucial to me to compute all of these survey metrics as they're not the crux of the paper -- that said, if there's an easy way to compute these it'd be interesting to compare them to behavioral metrics (re: Major Point #2, behavior =/= survey thresholding).

  • Thresholding non-behavior metrics: it is somewhat more clear what the anchor points are for thresholding behavior (i.e. chance). It's somewhat less clear for other metrics (total experiment duration, entropy, Mahalanobis D). It's possible the literature may have some recommendations. Short of that, we'll want to think about a sensible rule.

Main Figures

Figure 1 (simulation)

  • Add correlation, p-value for corresponding data

Figure 2a (score distributions)

  • Update sizing

Figure 2b (metric correlations)

  • Add arrows(?), or something to denote correlation clusters

Figure 3a (spurious correlations)

  • Finalize color scheme + annotations

Figure 3b (spurious correlation by percentage corrupted)

  • Finalize choice of survey/correlate pairs

Figure 3c (softmax regression)

  • Finalize HDIs

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