version 1.0 [release date:]: # Date: 2024-03-28
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░░░░░The printf() Function: A Versatile Tool in Programming
-
Purpose: The
printf()function is instrumental in outputting a wide array of data types, including characters, strings, floats, integers, octal, and hexadecimal values, to the standard output stream. -
Functionality:
- It facilitates the display of variable values and expression results.
- It enables formatted output, enhancing text presentation and readability.
- The function aligns each placeholder in the provided string with corresponding arguments, creating structured and formatted output.
-
Utility:
- Feedback: The return value of
printf(), which indicates the number of characters printed, is crucial for debugging and validating output processes. - Applications: Incorporating
printf()in your programming endeavors allows for nuanced data representation, ensuring clear communication and interaction with the end-user.
- Feedback: The return value of
-
Code Example:
printf("Hello, World! %d", 2024);| Feature | Release Version |
|---|---|
| Support a wide range of format specifiers | 1.0 |
| Customizable output stream | 1.0 |
| Configurable buffer size | 1.1 |
| Error handling for invalid format strings | 1.1 |
| Easily extensible for additional format specifiers | 1.1 |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
main.h |
includes prototypes and structres |
myprintf.c |
_printf: main custom printf function |
print_func.c |
custom printing functions |
get_print_func.c |
call the right function at the right time and deal with cases (escapes, specifiers) while browsing the pointer *format |
_putchar.c |
emulates the putchar function |
man_3_printf |
man page |
- Language: C
- OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
- Editor: VIM 8.2
- Compiler: gcc 11.4.0
- -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic -std=gnu89 -Wno-format
- Style guidelines: Betty style
To install execute in terminal the following command:
$ git clone https://github.com/ninotn4/holberton-printf.git
Cloning into 'holberton-printf'...
To compile execute in terminal the make command folowing of any of the targets:
all: compile all files
Example of use:
$ make all
gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic -std=gnu89 -Wno-format *.c test/main.c -o printfExecute the program:
$ ./printf
Let's try to printf a simple sentence.
Let's try to printf a simple sentence.
Length:[39, 39]
Length:[39, 39]
Negative:[-762534]
Negative:[-762534]
Unsigned:[2147484671]
Unsigned:[2147484671]
Unsigned octal:[20000001777]
Unsigned octal:[20000001777]
Unsigned hexadecimal:[800003ff, 800003FF]
Unsigned hexadecimal:[800003ff, 800003FF]
Character:[H]
Character:[H]
String:[I am a string !]
String:[I am a string !]
Address:[0x7ffe637541f0]
Address:[0x7ffe637541f0]
Percent:[%]
Percent:[%]
Len:[12]
Len:[12]
Unknown:[%r]
Unknown:[%r]Specifier characters at the end define the type and the interpretation of its corresponding argument:
| Specifier | Output | Release Version |
|---|---|---|
c |
character | Version 1.0 |
s |
string | Version 1.0 |
b |
binary | Version 1.0 |
% |
% | Version 1.0 |
d or i |
Signed integer | Version 1.0 |
R |
Rot translation | Version 1.2 |
r |
string reverse | Version 1.2 |
b |
Binary conversion | Version 1.1 |
o |
octal conversion | Version 1.3 |
u |
unsigned conversion | Version 1.4 |
Test folder contain the main failes to test the functions.
_printf functions examples:
_printf("char: [%c]\n", 'K');
char: [K]printf("string: [%s]\n", "Hello world !");
Output: string: [Hello world !]_printf("integer: [%i]\n", 87);
Output: integer: [87]_printf("decimal: [%d]\n", 1987);
Output: decimal: [1987]_printf("binary: [%b]\n", 98);
Output: binary: [1100010]_printf("octal [%o]\n", 92);
Output: octal [134]_printf("Percent: [%%%%]\n");
Output: Percent: [%%]_printf("Reverse: [%r]\n", "I love Coding!");
Output: Reverse: [!gnidoc evol I]To get help about the printf function ask the manual pages on the terminal:
man ./man_3_printf
AntoninInès
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