Kubeadm is a tool built to provide kubeadm init and kubeadm join as best-practice for creating Kubernetes clusters. kubeadm performs the actions necessary to get a cluster up and running.
For this demo, we will use 3 master and 2 worker node to create a multi master kubernetes cluster using kubeadm installation tool. Below are the pre-requisite requirements for the installation:
- 3 machines for master, ubuntu 20.04+, 2 CPU, 4 GB RAM, 10 GB storage
- 2 machines for worker, ubuntu 20.04+, 1 CPU, 1 GB RAM, 10 GB storage
- 1 machine for loadbalancer, ubuntu 20.04+, 1 CPU, 1 GB RAM, 10 GB storage
- All machines must be accessible on the network. For cloud users - single VPC for all machines
- sudo privilege.
In order to setup loadbalancer, you can leverage any loadbalancer utility of your choice. If you want to use cloud based TCP loadbalancer,feel free to use. There is no restriction regarding the tool you want to use for this purpose. For our demo, we will use HAPROXY as the primary loadbalancer.
We have 3 master nodes. Which means the user can connect to either of the 3 api-servers. The loadbalancer will be used to loadbalance between the 3 api-servers.
-
Login to the loadbalancer node
-
Switch as root -
sudo -i -
Update your repository and your system
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
- Install haproxy
sudo apt-get install haproxy -y
- Edit haproxy configuration
vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
Add the below lines to create a frontend configuration for loadbalancer -
frontend fe-apiserver
bind 0.0.0.0:6443
mode tcp
option tcplog
default_backend be-apiserver
Add the below lines to create a backend configuration for master1,master2 and master3 nodes at port 6443. Note : 6443 is the default port of kube-apiserver
backend be-apiserver
mode tcp
option tcplog
option tcp-check
balance roundrobin
default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
server master1 172.31.38.15:6443 check
server master2 172.31.25.18:6443 check
server master3 172.31.31.121:6443 check
- Restart and Verify haproxy
systemctl restart haproxy
systemctl status haproxy
Ensure haproxy is in running status.
Run nc command as below -
nc -v localhost 6443
Connection to localhost 6443 port [tcp/*] succeeded!
Note If you see failures for master1 ,master2 and master3 connectivity, you can ignore them for time being as we have not yet installed anything on the servers.
In this step we will install kubelet and kubeadm on the below nodes
- master1
- master2
- master3
- worker1
- worker2
The below steps will be performed on all the below nodes.
-
Log in to all the 5 machines as described above
-
Switch as root -
sudo -i -
Update the repositories
apt-get update
- Turn off swap
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
- Install container runtime - docker
apt install docker.io -y
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker.service
- Install kubeadm and kubelet
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl ca-certificates gnupg-agent software-properties-common
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
We will start off by initializing only one master node. For this demo, we will use master1 to initialize our first control plane.
- Log in to master1
- Switch to root account -
sudo -i - Execute the below command to initialize the cluster -
kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint "LOAD_BALANCER_IP:LOAD_BALANCER_PORT" --upload-certs
Here, LOAD_BALANCER_IP is the IP address of the loadbalancer.
The LOAD_BALANCER_PORT is the front end configuration port defined in HAPROXY configuration. For this demo, we have kept the port as 6443.
The command effectively becomes -
kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint "<IPOfLoadBalancer>:6443" --upload-certs
Your output should look like below -
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5 \
--control-plane --certificate-key 824d9a0e173a810416b4bca7038fb33b616108c17abcbc5eaef8651f11e3d146
Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5
The output consists of 3 major tasks -
- Setup kubeconfig using -
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- Setup new control plane (master) using
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5 \
--control-plane --certificate-key 824d9a0e173a810416b4bca7038fb33b616108c17abcbc5eaef8651f11e3d146
- Join worker node using
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5
NOTE
While you are setting up the cluster ensure that you are executing the command provided by your output and dont copy and paste from here.
Save the output in some secure file for future use.
- Log in to master2 & master 3
- Switch to root -
sudo -i - Check the command provided by the output of master1
You can now use the below command to add another node to the control plane -
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5 \
--control-plane --certificate-key 824d9a0e173a810416b4bca7038fb33b616108c17abcbc5eaef8651f11e3d146
- Execute the kubeadm join command for control plane on master2 & master3
Your output should look like -
This node has joined the cluster and a new control plane instance was created:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and approval was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
* Control plane (master) label and taint were applied to the new node.
* The Kubernetes control plane instances scaled up.
* A new etcd member was added to the local/stacked etcd cluster.
Now that we have initialized both the masters - we can now work on bootstrapping the worker nodes.
- Log in to worker1 and worker2
- Switch to root on both the machines -
sudo -i - Check the output given by the init command on master1 to join worker node -
kubeadm join 172.31.42.74:6443 --token cnslau.kd5fjt96jeuzymzb \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:871ab3f050bc9790c977daee9e44cf52e15ee37ab9834567333b939458a5bfb5
-
Execute the above command on both the nodes -
-
Your output should look like -
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Now that we have configured the master and the worker nodes, its now time to configure Kubeconfig (.kube). It is up to you if you want to use the loadbalancer node to setup kubeconfig. kubeconfig can also be setup externally on a separate machine which has access to loadbalancer node. For the purpose of this demo we will use loadbalancer node to host kubeconfig and kubectl.
- Log in to loadbalancer node
- Switch to root -
sudo -i - Create a directory - .kube at $HOME of root
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
-
SCP configuration file from any one master node to loadbalancer node or manually cat the content from master1 create config file in client machine.
-
Provide appropriate ownership to the copied file
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- Install kubectl binary
snap install kubectl --classic
- Verify the cluster
kubectl get nodes
From the loadbalancer(Where u have kubectl configured) node execute -
kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')"
This installs CNI component to your cluster.
You can now verify your HA cluster using -
kubectl get nodes
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