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PhD_Thesis

This is my PhD thesis draft, and the PDF can be found from the Open Research Exeter (ORE) or the e-theses online service (EThOS) of British Library. The thesis template (thesisStyle.zip) is from the module Mathematics PGR Resources on Exeter Learning Environment (ELE; the original file can be found here, but you may need username and password to access).

File structure

Compile the LaTeX files

Perhaps need to install TeX Live and Arial font first (see the examples: install_texlive.sh and install_ms_fonts.sh).

  1. Use make and Makefile, which compile the LaTeX files through latexmk and compress the output pdf file through the Ghostscript command gs:

    make
    

    Then we can get compiled file thesis.pdf and the compressed version thesis_compressed.pdf. Use make clean to remove the temporary files produced during the compilation, and use make cleanall to remove all the temporary and output pdf files.

  2. Use Tectonic, which can automatically download support files.

    Tectonic can be installed following this instruction. Simply, install on Linux (or MacOS) through conda:

    conda install -c conda-forge tectonic
    

    On MacOS, it can also be installed using Homebrew:

    brew install tectonic
    

    After that, the LaTeX files can be compiled as follows (same to the methods used in compile_linux.yml):

    TEXFN=thesis
    tectonic --reruns=0 ${TEXFN}.tex  # --keep-intermediates
    makeindex ${TEXFN}
    makeindex ${TEXFN}.nlo -s nomencl.ist -o ${TEXFN}.nls
    tectonic ${TEXFN}.tex
    

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LIST OF REVISIONS REQUIRED (THESIS – MINOR CORRECTIONS)

Page 2:
“responses of climate system to the external” -> “responses of the climate system to external”
Page 2:
“understand the climate feedbacks through the idealized” -> “understand climate feedbacks through idealized”
Page 2:
“explores the roles of climate feedbacks played in” -> “explores the role of climate feedbacks in”
Page 2:
“By running the idealized” -> “By running idealized”
Page 2:
“contribute to the amplified surface temperature changes in polar” -> “contribute to amplified surface temperature changes in the polar region”
Page 2:
“feedback prefers the tropical” -> “feedback dominates the tropical”
Page 2:
“the low cloud amount feedback, especially the one over” -> “low cloud feedback, especially over”
Page 2:
“estimate inversion strength” -> “estimated inversion strength”
Page 2:
“bring the larger uncertainty” -> “bring larger uncertainty”
Page 3:
“who have helped” -> “who has helped”
Page 3:
“Exeter Climate System (XCS)” -> “Exeter Climate Systems (XCS)”
Page 4:
“3.2 Experiment setup” -> “3.2 Experimental setup”
Page 8:
“feedback in climate system” -> “feedback in the climate system”
Page 8:
“showing that partial cloud” -> “showing partial cloud”
Page 10:
“Check the basic states” -> “Basic states”
Page 10:
“Compare the COSP diagnostics” -> “COSP diagnostics”
Page 10:
“Isac” -> Isca”
Page 10:
“Evaluate COSP outputs” -> “COSP outputs”
Page 10:
“Compare the approaches to calculate” -> “Calculations of”
Page 14:
“response to the external” -> “responses to external”
Page 14:
“key to demystify” -> “key to demystifying”
Page 14:
“change in response to” -> “changes in response to”
Page 14:
“to constrain the climate” -> “to constraining the climate”
Page 14:
“change under global” -> “changes under global”
Page 14:
“warming in over polar” -> “warming in polar”
Page 15:
“changes of climate system” -> “changes of the climate system”
Page 15:
“through the idealized” -> “through idealized”
Page 15:
“doing so, Isca” -> “doing so, the Isca”
Page 15:
“developed at University” -> “developed at the University”
Page 15:
“has no cloud scheme” -> “had no cloud scheme”
Page 15:
“vital for climate” -> “vital for calculating climate”
Page 15:
“in climate system” -> “in the climate system”
Page 15:
“the rest questions” -> “other questions”
Page 15:
“feedbacks in climate system” -> “feedbacks in the climate system”
Page 16:
“arrives at the Earth surface” -> “arrives at the Earth’s surface”
Page 16:
“by the Earth surface” -> “by the Earth’s surface”
Page 17:
“such as the greenhouse gases” -> “such as greenhouse gases”
Page 17:
“and downward part” -> “and the downward part”
Page 17:
“movement of atmosphere” -> “movement of the atmosphere”
Page 18:
“behaviors that” -> “way in which”
Page 18:
“to perturbations?” -> to perturbations.”
Page 18:
“imposed to the system” -> “imposed on the system”
Page 18:
“which can be aroused” -> which can arise

Page 18:
Then climate system will response” -> “Then the climate system will respond”
Page 18:
on right hand side” -> “on the right hand side”
Page 18:
change that is linearly depend” -> “change that depends linearly”
Page 18:
a quite large range” -> “quite a large range”
Page 18:
perhaps can” -> “can perhaps”
Page 19:
work still needed” -> “work is still needed”
Page 19:
In climate system” -> “In the climate system”
Page 19:
feedback in climate system” -> “feedback in the climate system”
Page 19:
“equals to the surface” -> “equals the surface”
Page 19:
“due to the Planck’s” -> “due to Planck’s”
Page 20:
“termed as lapse rate” -> “termed lapse rate”
Page 20:
“at tropopause” -> “at the tropopause”
Page 20:
“in an uniform” -> “in a uniform”
Page 20:
“trapped near surface” -> “trapped near the surface”
Page 21:
“vapor in atmosphere” -> “vapor in the atmosphere”
Page 21:
“does not step from various response of relative” -> does not stem from the various responses of the relative”
Page 21:
“weak positive” -> “weakly positive”
Page 22:
“show the negative” -> “show negative”
Page 22:
“the sign disagreements” -> “sign disagreements”
Page 22:
“evident in cloud” -> “evident in the cloud”
Page 22:
“(brown bar) is the largest” -> “(brown bar) to be the largest”
Page 22:
“Recently, lots of effort have” -> “Recently, a lot of effort has”
Page 23:
“the basic knowledge” -> “basic knowledge”
Page 23:
“system are briefly” -> “system is briefly”
Page 23:
“half areas of” -> “half the area of”
Page 23:
“over lands” -> “over land”
Page 23:
“their features is” -> “its features are”
Page 25:
“CRE are large” -> “CRE is large”
Page 25:
“and are small over” -> “and is small over”
Page 25:
“uncertain than longwave” -> “uncertain than the longwave”
Page 27:
“clouds in climate” -> “clouds in the climate”
Page 28:
“phases of Cloud” -> “phases of the Cloud”
Page 28:
“such as Southern” -> “such as the Southern”
Page 28:
“negative in Southern” -> “negative in the Southern”
Page 28:
“positive in topical” -> “positive in tropical”
Page 28:
“temperature do not warm” -> “temperature does not warm”
Page 29:
“larger than liquid clouds” -> “larger than liquid cloud droplets”
Page 30:
“which is a cooling” -> “which has a cooling”
Page 30:
“dry air in free” -> “dry air in the free”
Page 30:
“between moisture boundary layer and dry” -> “between the moist boundary layer and the dry”
Page 30:
“leads to the higher” -> “leads to higher”
Page 31:
“the cloudiness at low” -> “cloudiness in the low”
Page 31:
“previous study such as” -> “previous studies such as”
Page 31:
“has suggest that models” -> “have suggested that models”
Page 31:
“feedback in GCMs depend” -> “feedback in GCMs depends”
Page 32:
“Schematic showing that partial” -> “Schematic showing partial”
Page 32:
“but the clouds usually involve the air” -> “but clouds usually involve air”
Page 32:
“hard to be explicitly resolved by the GCMs” -> “hard to resolve explicitly in GCMs”
Page 32:
“not reasonable enough as” -> “not reasonable as”
Page 32:
“even the relative” -> “even if the relative”
Page 32:
“among which the linear” -> “among which a linear”
Page 32:
“cloud fraction against RH could be simplest” -> “cloud fraction and RH might be the simplest”
Page 33:
“obtained roughly” -> “obtained a roughly”
Page 33:
“Although the RHcrit” -> “Although RHcrit”
Page 33:
“For instances” -> “For instance”
Page 33:
“the clouds related” -> “the cloud-related”
Page 33:
“to pursuing a” -> “to pursue a”
Page 34:
“method is statistical” -> “method is a statistical”
Page 34:
“proposed the idea to use” -> “proposed to use”
Page 34:
“due to limitation of” -> “due to the limitations of”
Page 34:
”sometimes the model data” -> “sometimes model data”
Page 34:
“such as Guassian” -> “such as the Gaussian”
Page 35:
alleviate double” -> “alleviate the double”
Page 35:
discussed in previous” -> “discussed in the previous”
Page 35:
use the time-invariant” -> “use time-invariant”
Page 35:
such as boundary” -> “such as a boundary”
Page 35:
shallow convection schemes” -> “shallow convection scheme”

Page 35:
different in forms” -> “different in form”
Page 35:
That is to say, critical” -> “That is to say, the critical”
Page 35:
Larger critical” -> “A larger critical”
Page 35:
means the lower” -> “means a lower”
Page 35:
As pointed by” -> “As pointed out by”
Page 35:
although where the actual” -> “although the actual”
Page 35:
“backgrounds and outline” -> “background and outline”
Page 35:
“backgrounds include” -> “background includes”
Page 36:
“introduction of climate” -> “introduction to climate”
Page 36:
“observations about clouds” -> “observations relating to clouds”
Page 36:
“introduction of Isca model” -> “introduction to the Isca model”
Page 36:
“structure in polar” -> “structure in the polar”
Page 36:
“parameterization of simple” -> parameterization of a simple”
Page 36:
“see if they could ‘reproduce’ such spread in CMIP” -> “see if it reproduces the spread in the CMIP”
Page 36:
“causes to” -> “causes of”
Page 36:
“Base on these” -> “Based on these”
Page 36:
“discusses the possible” -> “discusses possible”
Page 37:
“products about clouds” -> “products relating to clouds”
Page 37:
“is about the cloud” -> “is the cloud”
Page 37:
“briefly described” -> “described briefly”
Page 37:
“play important roles” -> “have played an important role”
Page 37:
“the past decades” -> “recent decades”
Page 38:
“is particularly depend on the satellites” -> “depends particularly on the satellites”
Page 38:
“the most satellite” -> “most satellite”
Page 39:
“been therefore been widely used in cloud related researches” -> “therefore been used widely in cloud related research”
Page 39:
“hve been” -> “have been”
Page 39:
“but are not limited to” -> “but not limited to”
Page 40:
“purely based” -> “based purely”
Page 40:
“shown that CloudSat” -> “shown that the CloudSat”
Page 40:
“notice that CloudSat” -> “notice that the CloudSat”
Page 40:
“same criteria used” -> “the same criteria are used”
Page 40:
“and same statistical” -> “and the same statistical”
Page 40:
“if the satellite was flying” -> “if the satellite were flying”
Page 40:
“the atmosphere similar” -> “an atmosphere similar”
Page 41:
“combing” -> “combining”
Page 42:
“at University of Exeter” -> “at the University of Exeter”
Page 42:
“of city Exeter” -> “of the city of Exeter”
Page 43:
“run much slowly” -> “run much more slowly”
Page 43:
“without lands” -> “without land”
Page 44:
“times of ocean” -> “times that of the ocean”
Page 44:
“cooler than West Pacific” -> “cooler than the West Pacific”
Page 45:
“change in mixed layer” -> “change of mixed layer”
Page 47:
“public available” -> “publicly available”
Page 47:
“not microphysics” -> “no microphysics”
Page 47:
“response of climate” -> response of the climate”
Page 47:
“at equilibrium state, and when” -> “at an equilibrium state, then when”
Page 48:
“decompose the climate” -> “decomposes the climate”
Page 48:
“by decompose the” -> “by decomposing the”
Page 48:
“sum clear-sky component and CRE” -> “sum of the clear-sky component and the CRE”
Page 48:
“can not separate” -> “cannot separate”
Page 48:
“albedo ones in further.” -> “albedo ones.”
Page 49:
“decompose each climate” -> “decomposes each climate”
Page 49:
“combing” -> “combining”
Page 49:
“TOA from control” -> “TOA between control”
Page 50:
“case there is” -> “case where there is”
Page 50:
“would be the changes” -> “would be for the changes”
Page 50:
“feedbacks are equal” -> “feedbacks to be equal”
Page 50:
“21-century” -> “21st century”
Page 50:
“what cloud masking” -> “what the cloud masking”
Page 50:
“equal with each” -> “equal to each”
Page 51:
“there is no clouds” -> “there are no clouds”
Page 51:
“under cloudy condition” -> “under cloudy conditions.”
Page 52:
“have impact” -> “have an impact”
Page 52:
“Of course, the method such” -> “Of course, methods such”
Page 52:
“and detailed description” -> “and a detailed description”
Page 53:
“cloud simulator) can” -> “cloud simulator), one can”
Page 53:
“paramter” -> “parameter”

Page 53:
with the data from” -> “with data from”
Page 54:
applied in Community” -> “applied in the Community”
Page 54:
Despite the widely” -> “Despite the wide”
Page 55:
The recent proposed” -> “Recently proposed”
Page 56:
in polar region rises” -> “in polar regions rises”
Page 56:
but also confirmed” -> “but is also confirmed”
Page 56:
cause the retreat of sea ice cover in further” -> “cause the further retreat of sea ice cover”
Page 57:
feedbacks in polar region” -> “feedbacks in polar regions”
Page 57:
“other components of climate” -> “other components of the climate”
Page 57:
“can provide relative clear -> “can provide clear”
Page 57:
“processes in climate” -> “processes in the climate”
Page 57:
“contribute to the polar” -> “contribute to polar”
Page 57:
“according to Stefan” -> “according to the Stefan”
Page 57:
“warming of atmosphere” -> “warming of the atmosphere”
Page 57:
“contribution and the surface” -> “contribution and surface”
Page 57:
“provided in Isca” -> ‘provided in the Isca”
Page 57:
“3.2 describes the experiment” -> “3.2 describes the experimental”
Page 58:
“lists the details” -> “and lists the details”
Page 58:
“run with spectral” -> “run with a spectral”
Page 58:
“are relative simple” -> “are relatively simple”
Page 58:
“introduced into climate” -> “introduced into the climate”
Page 58:
“provides an simple” -> “provides a simple”
Page 58:
“where the alpha = 3” -> “where alpha = 3”
Page 60:
“depth in Frierson scheme” -> “depth in the Frierson scheme”
Page 60:
“fixed in Frierson scheme” -> “fixed in the Frierson scheme”
Page 60
“results from BOG” -> “results from the BOG”
Page 60:
“experiments for BOG” -> “experiments for the BOG”
Page 61:
“linearly depend on” -> “linearly dependent on”
Page 61:
“In further” -> “Further”
Page 61:
“equals to the surface” -> “equals the surface”
Page 61:
“apply radiative” -> “apply the radiative”
Page 61:
“feedbacks of Isca” -> “feedbacks of the Isca”
Page 61:
“that radiative kernel” -> “that the radiative kernel”
Page 61:
“partial perturbation radiative” -> “partial radiative perturbation”
Page 61:
“the interpretation of the results must be cautious for” -> “interpretation of results must then take account of”
Page 62:
“offline version radiative” -> “offline version of radiative”
Page 62:
“relative insensitive” -> “relatively insensitive”
Page 62:
“model is performed” -> “model run is performed”
Page 62:
“where certain variable” -> “where a certain variable”
Page 62:
“where only clear-sky” -> “where only the clear-sky”
Page 62:
“calculated for Isac” -> “calculated for the Isca”
Page 63:
“Regarding to the water” -> “Regarding the water”
Page 65:
“sensitivity occur near” -> “sensitivity occurs near”
Page 65:
“decreases in poleward” -> “decreases in the poleward”
Page 65:
“twice of clear-sky” -> “twice the clear-sky”
Page 65:
“increase the outgoing” -> “increases the outgoing”
Page 65:
“kernel are negative” -> “kernel is negative”
Page 66:
“has the similar” -> “has a similar”
Page 66:
“respect to water” -> “respect to the water”
Page 67:
“appear in polar” -> “appear in the polar”
Page 67:
“these experiment when” -> “these experiments when”
Page 67:
“albedos and the resulting” -> “albedos. The resulting”
Page 67:
“for each experiments” -> “for each experiment”
Page 67:
“negative in all” -> “negative at all”
Page 68:
“strength of Planck feedback in polar” -> “strength of the Planck feedback in the polar”
Page 68:
“according to Stefan” -> “according to the Stefan”
Page 68:
“change in polar” -> “change in the polar”
Page 68:
“with same radiation” -> “with the same radiation”
Page 68:
“where albedo is” -> “where the albedo is”
Page 68:
“radiation increase in” -> “radiation increases in”
Page 68:
“in tropics” -> “in the tropics”
Page 68:
“in polar regions” -> “in the polar regions”
Page 69:
in experiment” -> “in the experiment”
Page 69:
for RRTM” -> “for the RRTM”
69:
Despite the responses” -> “Despite the fact that the responses”
69:
relative wide ranges” -> “relatively wide range”
69:
change in Frierson” -> “change in the Frierson”

69:
in RRTM” -> “in the RRTM”
69:
from Frierson” -> “from the Frierson”
69:
3 times compared to” -> “3 times greater than the”
70:
in tropical” -> “in the tropical”
70:
these bottom-heavy” -> “this bottom-heavy”
70:
in polar” -> “in the polar”
Page 70:
surface in warming” -> “surface in the warming”
Page 70:
negative in tropics” -> “negative in the tropics”
Page 70:
“released in upper” -> “released in the upper”
Page 70:
“that the sea ice” -> “that sea ice”
Page 70:
“stability of polar” -> “stability of the polar”
Page 70:
“brings the largest” -> “brings larger”
Page 71:
“the rising air parcel in warming” -> “a rising air parcel in a warming”
Page 71:
“heat in upper” -> “heat in the upper”
Page 71:
“than in tropics” -> “than in the tropics”
Page 71:
“near surface” -> “near the surface”
Page 71:
“in Frierson” -> “in the Frierson”
Page 71:
“cooling near surface” -> “cooling near the surface”
Page 71:
“explains largest” -> “explains the larger”
Page 71:
“change in Frierson” -> “change in the Frierson”
Page 71:
“strongest in BOG” -> “strongest in the BOG”
Page 71:
“weakest in Frierson” -> “weakest in the Frierson”
Page 71:
“discussed in further” -> “discussed further”
Page 72:
“change of moisture” -> “changes in moisture”
Page 72:
“are showed” -> “are shown”
Page 72:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 72:
“in Frierson” -> “in the Frierson”
Page 72:
“existing in” -> “exists in”
Page 72:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 72:
“in Frierson” -> “in the Frierson”
Page 72:
“fields are” -> “fields is”
Page 73:
“significant to” -> “significant in”
Page 73:
“of radiation” -> “of the radiation”
Page 73:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 73:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 73:
“for BOG” -> “for the BOG”
Page 74:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 74:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 74:
“in Frierson” -> “in the Frierson”
Page 74:
“in Frierson” -> “in the Frierson”
Page 74:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 75:
“for BOG” -> “for the BOG”
Page 75:
“from BOG” -> “from the BOG”
Page 75:
“from RRTM” -> “from the RRTM”
Page 75:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 75:
“in radiation” -> “in the radiation”
Page 75:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 75:
“to Frierson” -> “to the Frierson”
Page 75:
“decomposed in further” -> “decomposed further”
Page 76:
“with BOG” -> “with the BOG”
Page 76:
“with RRTM” -> “with the RRTM”
Page 76:
“with Frierson” -> “with the Frierson”
Page 77:
“in polar” -> “in the polar”
Page 77:
“aid of radiative” -> “aid of the radiative”
Page 77:
“for BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 78:
“referred as” -> “referred to as”
Page 78:
“in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 78:
“from RRTM” -> “from the RRTM”
Page 78:
“sum of different” -> “sum of the different”
Page 78:
“according to Stefan” -> “according to the Stefan”
Page 78:
“emitted by earth” -> “emitted by the Earth’s”
Page 79:
“here the Figure” -> “here Figure”
Page 79:
“in warming” -> “in the warming”
Page 79:
“in cooling” -> “in the cooling”
Page 79:
“with result” -> “with the result”
79:
“in polar region both in cooling and warming case” -> “in the polar region in both the cooling and warming cases”
79:
does have effect” -> “does have an effect”

79:
in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
80:
in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
80:
in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
80:
in RRTM” -> “in the RRTM”
80:
in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
80:
in BOG” -> “in the BOG”
Page 80:
at the high” -> “at high”
Page 80:
being disabled in BOG” -> “is disabled in the BOG”
Page 80:
“possible associated” -> “possibly associated”
Page 81:
“while Frierson” -> “while the Frierson”
Page 82:
“to the polar amplification” -> “to polar amplification”
Page 82:
“in BOG scheme” -> “in the BOG scheme”
Page 82:
“response to same” -> “response to the same”
Page 82:
“in polar region than in tropical region” -> “in polar regions than in the tropical region”
Page 82:
“is supportive to polar” -> “supports polar”
Page 82:
“exhibits the bottom-heavy” -> exhibits a bottom heavy”
Page 82:
“stability at lower” -> “stability of the lower”
Page 83:
“to the space” -> “to space”
Page 83:
“the deep convection is” -> “deep convection is”
Page 83:
“active in tropical” -> “active in the tropical”
Page 83:
“heat at upper” -> “heat in the upper”
Page 83:
“Such top-heavy” -> “Such a top-heavy”
Page 83:
“efficient to emit” -> “efficient at emitting”
Page 83:
“Therefore, the lapse rate” -> “Therefore, lapse rate”
Page 83:
“to the polar” -> “to polar”
Page 83:
“more in tropical region” -> “more in tropical regions”
Page 83:
“polar region in warming” -> “polar regions in the warming”
Page 83:
“with the previous” -> “with previous”
Page 84:
“minimize the repetition” -> “minimize repetition”
Page 84:
“the cloud feedbacks still” -> “cloud feedbacks still”
Page 84:
“is cloud scheme” -> “is the cloud scheme”
Page 84:
“understanding on” -> “understanding of”
Page 84:
“solid physical backgrounds” -> “a solid physical background”
Page 84:
“different type of” -> “different types of”
Page 85:
“some distributions” -> “some distribution”
Page 85:
“on saturation then,” -> “on saturation it follows that,”
Page 85:
“constitute to” -> “correspond to”
Page 85:
“Sundqvist … scheme” -> “The scheme of Sundqvist…”
Page 85:
“and variance” -> “and the variance”
Page 87:
“to use according” -> “to use them according”
Page 87:
“of the clouds scheme” -> “of the cloud scheme”
Page 88:
“humidity equal” -> “humidity is equal”
Page 88:
“We also have” -> “We have also”
Page 88:
“in year” -> “in the year”
Page 88:
“in ERA5 dataset” -> “in the ERA5 dataset”
Page 90:
“can not” -> “cannot”
Page 90:
“from Sundqvist” -> “from the Sundqvist”
Page 92:
“well in current” -> “well in a current”
Page 93:
“stratus clouds regions” -> “stratus cloud regions”
Page 94:
“top of planetary” -> “top of the planetary”
Page 96:
“but in a slower speed” -> “but at a lower rate”
Page 99:
“In next chapter” -> “In the next chapter”
Page 100:
“there is no cloud” -> “there was no cloud”
Page 100:
“with the maximum” -> “with a maximum”
Page 101:
“total times that” -> “total number of times that”
Page 105:
“over Arctic” -> “over the Arctic”
Page 106:
“if the hydrostatic” -> “if hydrostatic”
Page 106:
“from linear RH” -> “from the linear RH”
Page 110:
“the changes in the ALL” -> “the change in the ALL”
Page 111:
“generally follows the” -> “generally follow the”
Page 111:
“of net CREs” -> “of net CRE”
Page 112:
“LW CREs agree” -> “LW CRE agrees”
Page 114:
“CREs from” -> “CRE from”
Page 114:
of CREs” -> “of CRE”
Page 114:
band in tropical” -> “band in the tropical”
114:
net CREs” -> “net CRE”
114:
of CREs” -> “of CRE”
115:
for Sundqvist” -> “for the Sundqvist”

115:
from simple” -> “from the simple”
117:
too much clouds” -> “too much cloud”
118:
has similar effect of” -> “has a similar effect to”
118:
under Isca” -> “under the Isca”
118:
“adding simple” -> “adding a simple”
119:
“Using simple” -> “Using a simple”
Page 119:
“suggests that simple” -> “suggests that a simple”
Page 119:
“relative flexible” -> “relatively flexible”
Page 121:
“we have introduced” -> “we introduced”
Page 121:
“and have evaluated” -> “and evaluated”
Page 121:
“a series …experiments are carried” -> “a series …experiments is carried”
Page 121:
“feedback in Southern” -> “feedback in the Southern”
Page 122:
“at the magnitude about 20 Wm^{2}” -> “at a magnitude of about 20 Wm^{-2}”
Page 122:
“haunted climate” -> “haunted the climate”
Page 122:
“despite of large” -> “despite large”
Page 123:
“contributor for the” -> “contributor to the”
Page 123:
“they decomposed the tropical ocean region” -> “the tropical ocean region was decomposed”
Page 123:
“identified the low cloud” -> “identified that low cloud”
Page 124:
“normalized the changes” -> “normalize the changes”
Page 124:
“pointed by” -> “pointed out by”
Page 124:
“approaches employed in previous studies are” -> “approach employed in previous studies is”
Page 124:
“partial derivation” -> “partial derivative”
Page 124:
“computing expensive” -> “computationally expensive”
Page 124:
“explicitly decompose the climate feedbacks” -> “decompose the climate feedbacks explicitly”
Page 125:
“It has shown” -> “It has been shown”
Page 125:
“pointed by” -> “pointed out by”
Page 125:
“(2021) that better” -> “(2021), better simulation”
Page 125:
“Another followed question” -> “Another question”
Page 125:
“uncertainty is about twice of the role of” -> “uncertainty has a role about twice that of the”
Page 125:
“in Isca model” -> “in the Isca model”
Page 125:
“only limited to cloud” -> “limited to the cloud”
Page 125:
“process in cloud scheme” -> “process in the cloud scheme”
Page 125:
“produce certain” -> “produce a certain”
Page 126:
“implementation of observation” -> “implementation of the observation”
Page 126:
“behaviors of satellite” -> “behaviors of the satellite”
Page 126:
“in the basic” -> “in basic”
Page 126:
“temperature, relative” -> “temperature and relative”
Page 126:
“also he basis” -> “also the basis”
Page 126:
“parts of cloud” -> “parts of the cloud”
Page 126:
“are also evaluated” -> “are evaluated”
Page 126:
“with cloud radiative” -> “with the cloud radiative”
Page 127:
“different altitude” -> “different altitudes”
Page 127:
“has not been” -> “has not previously been”
Page 127:
“In current” -> “In the current”
Page 127:
“of GCM” -> “of a GCM”
Page 127:
“In specific” -> “Specifically”
Page 127:
“are perturbed to get” -> “is perturbed to get”
Page 127:
“members of PPE” -> “members of the PPE”
Page 128:
“are fine without” -> “is fine without”
Page 128:
“its minimalism” -> “a minimum”
Page 128:
“impact to” -> “impact on”
Page 129:
“in Sundqvist” -> “in the Sundqvist”
Page 129:
“straightly” -> “directly”
Page 129:
“of cloud scheme” -> “of the cloud scheme”
Page 130:
“response to” -> “respond to”
Page 130:
“strategy for the parameters are” -> “strategy for the parameters is”
Page 131:
“is for tropical” -> “is for the tropical”
Page 131:
“break down them” -> “break them down”
Page 132:
“in upper” -> “in the upper”
Page 132:
“is different” -> “are different”
Page 132:
“of ascending regions” -> “in ascending regions”
Page 132:
“have have less” -> “have fewer”
Page 132:
“in upper” -> “in the upper”
Page 132:
“have much similar pattern with observation, except the” -> “have a very similar pattern to observations, except that”
132:
“histogram as observation” -> “histograms to observations”
134:
at upper” -> “at the upper”
134:
in middle” -> “in the middle”

136:
much similar” -> “very similar”
136:
relative small impact” -> “relatively little impact”
136:
in first” -> “in the first”
137:
comparing to the” -> “comparing the”
137:
“time consumptive” -> “time consuming”
137:
“in current” -> “in the current”
Page 137:
“relative accurate” -> “relatively accurate”
Page 139:
“Regarding to the” -> “Regarding the”
Page 139:
“associated to the” -> “associated with the”
Page 139:
“are not evident as” -> “is not as evident as”
Page 139:
“pointed by” -> “pointed out by”
Page 139:
“see their Fig. 2” -> “Fig. 2”
Page 139:
“missing Isca” -> “missing in Isca”
Page 139:
“there are more liquid” -> “there is more liquid”
Page 139:
“usually have smaller” -> “usually has smaller”
Page 140:
“asymmetry pattern” -> “asymmetrical pattern”
Page 141:
“are dominated by” -> “is dominated by”
Page 141:
“with the very” -> “within the very”
Page 141:
“much positive, and are located” -> “very positive, and located”
Page 141:
“Regarding to the” -> “Regarding the”
Page 142:
“member even produce the negative” -> “members even produce negative”
Page 143:
“Except the two” -> “Except for these two”
Page 144:
“is lesser than” -> “is less than”
Page 144:
“narrow in current” -> “narrow in the current”
Page 145:
“mean is quite” -> “mean being quite”
Page 145:
“In the next,” -> “Next,”
Page 146:
“covariances terms” -> “covariance terms”
Page 146:
“above diagonal” -> “above the diagonal”
Page 146:
“relative important” -> “relatively important”
Page 146:
“mean is close” -> “mean being close”
Page 146:
“show the low cloud” -> “shows the low cloud”
Page 146:
“including tropics” -> “including the tropics”
Page 146:
“in which regions” -> “in which region”
Page 146:
“nearly zeros” -> “nearly zero”
Page 147:
“larger that” -> “larger than”
Page 147:
“has propose a method” -> “proposed a method”
Page 147:
“clouds formation” -> “cloud formation”
Page 148:
“has found that” -> “have found that”
Page 148:
“are relatively low” -> “is relatively low”
Page 148:
“largest source of” -> “largest sources of”
Page 149:
“first criteria” -> “first criterion”
Page 149:
“the blue” -> “blue”
Page 149:
“the red” -> “red”
Page 149:
“statocumulus” -> “stratocumulus”
Page 150:
“in lower” -> “in the lower”
Page 150:
“over stratocumulus” -> “over the stratocumulus”
Page 150:
“in lower” -> “in the lower”
Page 150:
“in despite of the” -> “despite the”
Page 151:
“over stratocumulus” -> “over the stratocumulus”
Page 151:
“over stratocumulus” -> “over the stratocumulus”
Page 151:
“at free” -> “at the free”
Page 151:
“is relative lower” -> “is lower”
Page 152:
“mosit” -> “moist”
Page 152:
“in subtropical” -> “in the subtropical”
Page 152:
“in tropical” -> “in the tropical”
Page 152:
“enhanced than” -> “enhanced in”? or “enhanced relative to”?
Page 152:
“warming in west” -> “warming in the west”
Page 152:
“in free” -> “in the free”
Page 153:
“understand the change of low” -> “understand low”
Page 153:
“inversion strength inhibits” -> “inversion inhibits”
Page 154:
“less low clouds” -> “fewer low clouds”
Page 154:
“because stronger” -> “because the stronger”
Page 154:
“of boundary” -> “of the boundary”
Page 154:
“in stratocumulus” -> “in the stratocumulus”
Page 154:
“in trade-wind” -> “in the trade-wind”
155:
“pointed by” -> “pointed out by”
155:
of sum of” -> “of the sum of”
155:
much positive” -> “very positive”
155:
model is not as” -> “model being not as”
155:
spread … changes are” -> “spread … changes is”
156:
in current” -> “in the current”
156:
in parameters” -> “in the parameters”
156:
“of cloud” -> “of the cloud”
157:
“right end of very-likely” -> “right-hand end of the very-likely”
Page 157:
“display certain” -> “display a certain”
Page 158:
“in midlatitude” -> “in the midlatitude”
Page 158:
“relative narrow” -> “relatively narrow”
Page 158:
“both for global and different” -> “both globally and for different”
Page 158:
“show robust” -> “show a robust”
Page 158:
“linear correlated” -> “linearly correlated”
Page 159:
“for ocean” -> “for the ocean”
Page 159:
“in descending” -> “in the descending”
Page 159:
“in subsidence” -> “in the subsidence”
Page 159:
“understand the spread” -> “understanding the spread”
Page 159:
“show robust” -> “show a robust”
Page 159:
“show robust” -> “show a robust”
Page 159:
“involved for the” -> “involved in the”
Page 159:
“in descending” -> “in the descending”
Page 159:
“in subsidence regime play” -> “in the subsidence regime plays”
Page 160:
“key to constrain” -> “key to constraining”
Page 160:
“responses of climate” -> “responses of the climate”
Page 160:
“imbalance are normalized” -> “imbalance is normalized”
Page 160:
“direclty” -> “directly”
Page 160:
“is break down” -> “is broken down”
Page 161:
“such as Southern” -> “such as the Southern”
Page 161:
“there is certain” -> “there is a certain”
Page 162:
“in trade-wind” -> “in the trade-wind”
Page 162:
“while increases in stratocumulus” -> “while it increases in the stratocumulus”
Page 162:
“both regime show” -> “both regimes showing”
Page 162:
“humidity at lower” -> “humidity in the lower”
Page 162:
“configuration of cloud” -> “configuration of the cloud”
Page 162:
“startocumulus” -> “stratocumulus”
Page 162:
“Regarding to the” -> “Regarding the”
Page 162:
“perturb parameter in” -> “perturb parameters in”
Page 163:
“prefers” -> “dominates” (?)
Page 164:
“with radiation” -> “with the radiation”
Page 164:
“clouds not explicitly” -> “clouds are not explicitly”
Page 164:
“part of intermodal” -> “part of the intermodal”
Page 165:
“in climate system” -> “in the climate system”
Page 165:
“are still lots of work can” -> “is still lots of work that can”
Page 165:
“can use current” -> “can use the current”
Page 165:
“weak in current” -> “weak in the current”
Page 165:
“only the parameters” -> “only the parameters”
Page 165:
“perturbations are within” -> “perturbations being within”
Page 165:
“it is worthy to” -> “it would be worthwhile to”
Page 166:
“only cloud scheme” -> “only the cloud scheme”
Page 166:
“itself, other” -> “itself, but other”
Page 166:
“series experiments” -> “series of experiments”
Page 166:
“feedbacks in climate system” -> “feedbacks in the climate system”
Page 168:
“under Isca framework” -> “under the Isca framework”
Page 169:
“availabel” -> “available”

Tidy the bib file

There are duplicated and unused entries in the bib file. Need to be tidied.

Codes/scripts availability

I'd better publish all the scripts that I used to process data and generate figures for the PhD thesis.

Thesis structure

Rethink the thesis title and structure if want to include the polar amplification stuff...

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