This is the official repository for Reveal the Unknown: Out-of-Knowledge-Base Mention Discovery with Entity Linking, accepted for CIKM 2023.

The study adapts BERT-based Entity Linking (BLINK) to identify mentions that do not have corresponding KB entities by matching them to a special NIL entity, with NIL entity representation and classification, and synonym enhancement.

The study also applies KB Pruning and Versioning strategies to automatically construct out-of-KB datasets from common in-KB Entity Linking datasets. Please see the model training and data construction scripts below.

See step_all_BLINK.sh for running BLINK models with Threshold-based and NIL-rep-based methods.

See step_all_BLINKout.sh for running BLINKout models and the dynamic feature baseline.

See step_all_BM25+cross-enc.sh for all BM25+BERT models.

For all scripts above:

• setting dataset (and mm_onto_ver_model_mark for MedMentions)
• setting bi_enc_bertmodel and cross_enc_bertmodel (and change further_model_mark accordingly)
• setting train_bi (except BM25), rep_ents, train_cross, inference to true to perform each step.
• setting use_best_top_k as true if using tuned top-k, otherwise using default

For step_all_BLINK.sh, further

• setting use_NIL_threshold to true when using the Threshold-based approach (and the corresponding th2 as threshold value for each dataset)
• setting use_NIL_ranking to true when using the NIL-rep-based approach (and setting NIL representation binary parameters of use_NIL_tag, use_NIL_desc, and use_NIL_desc_tag)

For step_all_BLINKout.sh, further

• setting NIL representation binary parameters of use_NIL_tag, use_NIL_desc, and use_NIL_desc_tag.
• setting dynamic_emb_extra_ft_baseline to true and select the corresponding line (around 273-274) to use either the NIL regulariser (gu2021) or the dynamic feature baseline (full-features-NIL-infer), also setting the value of lambda_NIL.

For step_all_BM25+cross-enc.sh

• requiring the tokenizer of the saved biencoder model, so run step_all_BLINK.sh with the same biencoder model first before running this script.

Link to out-of-KB mention discovery datasets: https://zenodo.org/record/8228371.

We acknowledge the sources below for data construction:

• ShARe/CLEF 2013 dataset is from https://physionet.org/content/shareclefehealth2013/1.0/

• MedMention dataset is from https://github.com/chanzuckerberg/MedMentions

• UMLS (versions 2012AB, 2014AB, 2017AA) is from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/index.html

• SNOMED CT (corresponding versions) is from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/healthit/snomedct/index.html

• NILK dataset is from https://zenodo.org/record/6607514

• WikiData 2017 dump is from https://archive.org/download/enwiki-20170220/enwiki-20170220-pages-articles.xml.bz2

See files under the preprocessing folder, where running scripts to create the datasets are in run_preprocess_ents_and_data.sh.

The repository is based on BLINK under the MIT license. Also, we acknowledge the data sources above.