URLs
- Name all of the parts of the url that you can remember. In your own words describe what they do.
1. Protocol - A specific set of communications rules.
2. Domain - A server that can be accessed with a specific set of rules.
3. Path - defines the location of a file or folder in a computer/server's system.
4. Query String - Modifies the request to get more specific information
5. Port - A number that indicates what type of protocol a server is using to access the internet.
6. Anchor tag - allows user to jump to a specific point on the page.
- Name the pieces of the following urls:
* `https:// === protocol
www.google.com/` === domain
* `https:// === protocol
workbook.galvanize.com === domain
/cohorts/41/learning_experiences/367` === path
* `http:// === protocol
locahost:5000 === domain
/animals/puppies? === path
onlycute=1&size=medium#firstpuppy` === query string
* `https:// === protocol
en.wikipedia.org === domain
/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes === path
#4xx_Client_Error` === anchor tag
- Can a server use more than 1 port?
Yes
- Why is https different than http?
HTTPS encrypts the data before sending it.
- How does a server interpret the following url's query paramter. What data structure does it create on the server?
Identifies the user only wants puppies named fido, max, and moxie.
Creates JSON data structure on the server.
http://locahost:5000/animals?puppies=fido&puppies=max&puppies=moxie
HTTP Request/Response
- Name at least 4 http verbs
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
- What is each verb useful for in your own words
GET - Simply gets a resource from the server.
POST - Used when the client wants to send the server some new information. POST requests are not typically idempotent.
PUT - updates info on the server that already exists. PUT requests are usually idempotent.
DELETE - deletes something from the server.
- What does idempotent mean?
Does not change the state of something.
- Name the 5 http status code ranges. What are they used for in general?
Status codes are ment for the computer to know what happened.
1xx - Keep going, everything is ok.
2xx - Ok. You got what you want in some form.
3xx - You have to go somewhere else to get what you want. Redirects user.
4xx - Client side error. Server is ok.
5xx - Server side error.
- If a server returns a http status code of 301 and a location of
https://www.google.com/, what does the browser do?
That site has been permanetly moved to https://www.google.com/ and redirects the user to https://www.google.com/
- For the following HTTP headers, decide if the following header is used for requests, responses or both:
* Accept - requests
* Content-type - both
* User-agent - request
* Set-cookies - response
* Cache-control - both
* Cookie - request
- Is the following a http request or response? How do you know for each?
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Vary: Accept
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 722
ETag: W/"2d2-Wu0We9N5g35FXWY+gOATLA"
Date: Tue, 08 Mar 2016 20:37:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css">
<title>Student Roster</title>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<h1>Student Roster</h1>
<section>
<h3>Daenerys Targaryen</h3>
<span>Student Id: nys8fbohl</span>
<h4>Hobby: Motherhood</h4>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/KlycRG5.jpg" alt="Daenerys Targaryen" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Tyrion Lannister</h3>
<span>Student Id: njehukbohe</span>
<h4>Hobby: Traveling</h4>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fFMusdC.png" alt="Tyrion Lannister" />
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>
Request
DELETE /students/n1vmyrw3x HTTP/1.1
Host: g22-students.herokuapp.com
Accept: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 0041e3c3-efdb-f0c3-b2f4-2d79f6d0f44b
JSON
- Describe what JSON is. What is it used for.
Javascript Object Notation - A data-exchange fromat of the web.
- Convert the following map into a javascript object then console log the age.
{ "company" : "Github", "age": 7, "categories" : "Services,Internet,Software"}
var obj = JSON.parse('{ "company" : "Github", "age": 7, "categories" : "Services,Internet,Software"}');
console.log(obj.age)
- Convert the following to a javascript object. Console log each company name.
{ "Companies":[ { "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"},
{ "company": "Airbnb", "age": 6, "categories": "Hotels,Travel"},
{ "company": "Square", "age": 7, "categories": "FinTech,Hardware + Software,Finance"},
{ "company": "Dropbox", "age": 11, "categories": "Cloud Data Services,Storage,Web Hosting"}
]
}
var myObj = JSON.parse('{ "Companies":[ { "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"},{ "company": "Airbnb", "age": 6, "categories": "Hotels,Travel"},{ "company": "Square", "age": 7, "categories": "FinTech,Hardware + Software,Finance"},{ "company": "Dropbox", "age": 11, "categories": "Cloud Data Services,Storage,Web Hosting"} ]}');
myObj.Companies.forEach(function(companyObj) {
console.log(companyObj.company)
});
--Changed to forEach since we are only console.logging the company names.
--We don't need to return anything. Map always needs to return an Array of the same length as the input.
- The following is javascript. Convert the object to a string and console log it.
var myObj = {
company: "Galvanize",
age: 3,
categories: "Education"
};
console.log(JSON.stringify(myObj))
MISC
- Describe what DNS is.
Domain Name Service - Servers that look up IP addresses and convert them to a readable URL.
- In the terminal, type
man curl. Look at the man page for curl. What do the following flags do?-v,-X. (Hint: to search for a string, type/then the text you want, then enter. To quit the man page, typeq).
-v Verbose - useful for debugging and finding out what's going on "under the hood."
-x Proxy - The proxy string can be specified with a protocol.
- What is TCP/IP? How does it interact with HTTP?
Transmission Control Protocol - Makes sure data gets to/from a server quickly and reliably. If things fail, TCP resends data.
Internet Protocol - Makes sure packets get to the correct place. Similar to a physical address.
HTTP uses TCP/IP to send data.
- Does HTTP break the data that is being sent into small packets? If not, what protocol is responsible for it?
No, TCP is resposible.
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