SELENIUM WEBDRIVER - WORKING WITH ELEMENTS

The main goal is to practice with various HTML elements and master Selenium. 'Selenium with Python' official documentation is chosen as a general guide.

Dev environment:

Python 3.7
behave v1.2.6
pip v19.1.1
pytest 5.0.1
selenium 3.141.0
PyCharm 2019.1.3 (Community Edition)
Win 10 (64 bit)

Supported/tested browsers:

Chrome: v75 (64 bit)
IE: v11 (64 bit)
Firefox: v68 (64 bit)
Edge: v17 and above
Opera: v60

Note:

In order to instantiate webdriver I use Driver class of my own. For more info please look here:
https://github.com/ikostan/SELENIUM_WEBDRIVER_WORKING_WITH_ELEMENTS/tree/master/drivers

PyCharm: Choosing Your Testing Framework:

Open the Settings/Preferences dialog, and under the node Tools, click the page Python Integrated Tools.
On this page, click the Default Test Runner field.
Choose the desired test runner:

For more info please see Enable Pytest for you project

Problem solving:

How to fix common Selenium errors?
Microsoft webdriver for edge 18 and above:
MS made WebDriver a Windows Feature on Demand (FoD), which ensures that it’s always up to date automatically, and enables some new ways to get Microsoft WebDriver.

The simplest way to get started is simply to enable Developer Mode. Simply open the Settings app and go to “Update & Security,” “For developers,” and select “Developer Mode.” The appropriate version of WebDriver will be automatically installed.

You can also install a standalone version of WebDriver in one of two ways:
- Search “Manage optional features” from Start, then select “Add a Feature,” “WebDriver.”
- Install via DISM by running the following command in an elevated command prompt:
  DISM.exe /Online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:Microsoft.WebDriver~~~~0.0.1.0
This also means that we will no longer be providing standalone downloads for Microsoft WebDriver going forward

Source: https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2018/06/14/webdriver-w3c-recommendation-feature-on-demand/#Rg8g2hRfjBQQVRXy.97

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: cannot find Opera binary

from selenium.webdriver.opera.options import Options

options = Options()
options.binary_location = r'<path to opera.exe>' 
opera_web_driver_path = r'<path to operadriver.exe>' 
driver = webdriver.Opera(options=options, executable_path=opera_web_driver_path)
driver.get(<url>)
driver.close()

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52793537/selenium-common-exceptions-webdriverexception-message-unknown-error-cannot-fi

Internet Explorer browser window not getting closed in Selenium Webdriver

1. Open IE browser
2. Go to Internet Options >>> Security
3. For every zone heck "Enable Protected Mode"
4. Restart IE

Test are failed due to slow performance of WebDriver
Explicit wait is used to specify wait condition for a particular element.
Here we define to wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec

# Wait for element to appear:
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)
wait.until(ec.title_is(self.new_window_name))

How to Get Selenium to Wait for Page Load After a Click:
It turns out Selenium has a built-in condition called staleness_of, as well as its own wait-for implementation. Use them, alongside the @contextmanager decorator and the magical-but-slightly-scary yield keyword, and you get:

from contextlib import contextmanager
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait 
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import staleness_of

class MySeleniumTest(SomeFunctionalTestClass): 
  # assumes self.browser is a selenium webdriver

  @contextmanager
  def wait_for_page_load(self, timeout=30):
    old_page = self.browser.find_element_by_tag_name('html')
    yield
    WebDriverWait(self.browser, timeout).until(
      staleness_of(old_page)
    )
    
  def test_stuff(self):
    # example use
    with self.wait_for_page_load(timeout=10):
      self.browser.find_element_by_link_text('a link')

Note that this solution only works for “non-JavaScript” clicks, i.e., clicks that will cause the browser to load a brand new page, and thus load a brand new HTML body element.
Source: https://blog.codeship.com/get-selenium-to-wait-for-page-load/

Required Configuration - IE only:
1. The IEDriverServer exectuable must be downloaded and placed in your PATH.
2. On IE 7 or higher on Windows Vista or Windows 7, you must set the Protected Mode settings for each zone to be the same value. The value can be on or off, as long as it is the same for every zone. To set the Protected Mode settings, choose "Internet Options..." from the Tools menu, and click on the Security tab. For each zone, there will be a check box at the bottom of the tab labeled "Enable Protected Mode".
3. Additionally, "Enhanced Protected Mode" must be disabled for IE 10 and higher. This option is found in the Advanced tab of the Internet Options dialog.
4. The browser zoom level must be set to 100% so that the native mouse events can be set to the correct coordinates.
5. For Windows 10, you also need to set "Change the size of text, apps, and other items" to 100% in display settings.
6. For IE 11 only, you will need to set a registry entry on the target computer so that the driver can maintain a connection to the instance of Internet Explorer it creates. For 32-bit Windows installations, the key you must examine in the registry editor is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BFCACHE. For 64-bit Windows installations, the key is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BFCACHE. Please note that the FEATURE_BFCACHE subkey may or may not be present, and should be created if it is not present. Important: Inside this key, create a DWORD value named iexplore.exe with the value of 0.
NoSuchWindowException in IE 11:
1. IE Options --> Security Tab -> Uncheck "Enable Protected Mode".
2. Add http://localhost/ to your trusted sites in IE11.
3. Registry keys:
  For 64-bit Windows installations, the key is:
  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Internet explorer\Main\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BFCACHE
  For 32-bit Windows installations, the key is:
  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BFCACHE
Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24746777/selenium-nosuchwindowexception-in-ie-11

Useful tools:

ChroPath generates unique relative xpath, absolute xpath, cssSelectors, linkText and partialLinkText just by one click. ChroPath can also be used as Editor for selectors. It makes easy to write, edit, extract, and evaluate XPath queries on any webpage. ChroPath also supports iframe, multi selectors generation, generate relative xpath with custom attribute, automation script steps generation and many more.
Source: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chropath/ljngjbnaijcbncmcnjfhigebomdlkcjo?hl=en

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