This program shows that a jvm application may cause the jit compiler consume nearly a gigabyte of memory, while keep the jvm heap size as small as tens of megabytes.
just execute command ./run.sh in a jdk(8+) box.
Following is the result on openjdk 17 and openjdk 1.8. In both case, high compiler memory usage were observed, especially on openjdk 17.
| jdk version | peak rss | peak NMT.total.committed | peak NMT.Compiler.committed | peak NMT.Heap.committed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | 1488MB | 1028MB | 958MB | 20MB |
| 17(graalvm 22.3.0) | 214MB | 98MB | 32MB | 20MB |
| 1.8 | 110MB | 105MB | 62MB | 20MB |
on openjdk 17:
openjdk version "17.0.3" 2022-04-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-17.0.3.6.1 (build 17.0.3+6-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-17.0.3.6.1 (build 17.0.3+6-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
running at jit level 4
Darwin macmini-jzl.local 21.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 21.2.0: Sun Nov 28 20:28:54 PST 2021; root:xnu-8019.61.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
+ /usr/bin/time -l java -server -cp . -XX:+TieredCompilation -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=4 -XX:+UseSerialGC -Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary Test
peak total committed happened at 15670 ms, done at 27150 ms
total: 1028 MB
Java Heap: 20 MB
Thread: 14 MB
Code: 7 MB
Compiler: 958 MB
Symbol: 1 MB
Shared class space: 11 MB
Arena Chunk: 11 MB
Metaspace: 2 MB
27.24 real 16.82 user 1.24 sys
1561051136 maximum resident set size
0 average shared memory size
0 average unshared data size
0 average unshared stack size
441979 page reclaims
0 page faults
0 swaps
0 block input operations
0 block output operations
0 messages sent
0 messages received
4 signals received
0 voluntary context switches
47480 involuntary context switches
83353578421 instructions retired
69082459464 cycles elapsed
1039642624 peak memory footprint
on openjdk 8:
openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 1.8.0_222-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
running at jit level 4
Darwin macmini-jzl.local 21.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 21.2.0: Sun Nov 28 20:28:54 PST 2021; root:xnu-8019.61.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
+ /usr/bin/time -l java -server -cp . -XX:+TieredCompilation -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=4 -XX:+UseSerialGC -Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary Test
peak total committed happened at 4891 ms, done at 27951 ms
total: 105 MB
Java Heap: 20 MB
Class: 5 MB
Thread: 12 MB
Code: 3 MB
Compiler: 62 MB
Symbol: 1 MB
28.07 real 7.32 user 0.81 sys
115757056 maximum resident set size
0 average shared memory size
0 average unshared data size
0 average unshared stack size
30727 page reclaims
0 page faults
0 swaps
0 block input operations
0 block output operations
0 messages sent
0 messages received
15 signals received
1 voluntary context switches
46908 involuntary context switches
25203698005 instructions retired
21190182954 cycles elapsed
83959808 peak memory footprint
on openjdk 17.0.5 with GraalVM CE 22.3.0:
openjdk version "17.0.5" 2022-10-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 22.3.0 (build 17.0.5+8-jvmci-22.3-b08)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM CE 22.3.0 (build 17.0.5+8-jvmci-22.3-b08, mixed mode, sharing)
running at jit level 4
Darwin macmini-jzl.local 21.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 21.2.0: Sun Nov 28 20:28:54 PST 2021; root:xnu-8019.61.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
+ /usr/bin/time -l java -server -cp . -XX:+TieredCompilation -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=4 -XX:+UseSerialGC -Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary Test
peak total committed happened at 377 ms, done at 24540 ms
total: 98 MB
Java Heap: 20 MB
Thread: 20 MB
Code: 7 MB
Compiler: 32 MB
Symbol: 1 MB
Shared class space: 11 MB
Arena Chunk: 1 MB
Metaspace: 2 MB
24.61 real 6.52 user 0.77 sys
224817152 maximum resident set size
0 average shared memory size
0 average unshared data size
0 average unshared stack size
69536 page reclaims
0 page faults
0 swaps
0 block input operations
0 block output operations
0 messages sent
0 messages received
3 signals received
0 voluntary context switches
44057 involuntary context switches
29593853367 instructions retired
20563329880 cycles elapsed
194543616 peak memory footprint
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