https://jdhao.github.io/2021/01/07/nifty_nvim_techniques_s9/#use-neovim-as-git-diff-and-merge-tool

source here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zsh#Help_command

After open a tmux session, the PATH variable is changed and different from outside of tmux.

• outside tmux: python3 points to Python installed by Miniconda
• inside tmux: python3 points to Python3 installed by Apple

The reason is that when you start a tmux session, it will start a shell (in the latest macOS, it is zsh by default) in login mode. So certain zsh config files are sourced again (the culprit is /etc/zprofile), which leads to messed up PATH variable.

The content of /etc/zprofile is:

if [ -x /usr/libexec/path_helper ]; then
	eval `/usr/libexec/path_helper -s`
fi

In order to confirm this, we can do an experiment (credit here):

> PATH=BEG:$PATH:END
> echo $PATH

# output: BEG:/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin:/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/condabin:/Users/hao/.local/share/zinit/polaris/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin:END

> source /etc/zprofile
> echo $PATH

# output: /usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin:BEG:/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin:/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/condabin:/Users/hao/.local/share/zinit/polaris/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:END

so what path_helper does is to construct PATH from /etc/paths and /etc/path.d. Append the current PATH variable to the constructed PATH and remove the duplicated items:

I think it is just looping through the item in the PATH variable and remove items that have appeared before. This explains why unique item inside BEG:END constructure is kept and duplicate items are removed.

How to prevent

One thing I see people do is to change /etc/zprofile, adding one line to empty PATH:

if [ -x /usr/libexec/path_helper ]; then
    PATH=""  #empty the PATH
    eval `/usr/libexec/path_helper -s`
fi

For me, it is hacky. I do not want to change the system default settings.

Another method is to tell tmux to start a non-login shell instead via default-command option:

# default command should be path to zsh executable on your system
set -g default-command /bin/zsh

If zsh is started as a non-login shell, /etc/zprofile won't be sourced, so PATH is not changed. To check if we are running a login shell or not (zsh-only), run the following (source here):

if [[ -o login ]]; then
    print yes
else
    print no
fi

After this setup, to make sure it work, run killall tmux and exit your terminal and restart it again.

ref:

• does tmux sort PATH variable? https://superuser.com/q/544989/736190
• prevent tmux from filling global PATH: https://stackoverflow.com/q/13058578/6064933
• configure tmux to use zsh: https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/214068/221410

1. completion:

for zsh completion, we need to update FPATH.

export FPATH=$HOME/tools/ripgrep/complete:$FPATH

2. man doc

mkdir -p $HOME/tools/ripgrep/doc/man/man1
mv $HOME/tools/ripgrep/doc/rg.1 $HOME/tools/ripgrep/doc/man/man1

The MANPATH variable needs to updated too:

export MANPATH=$HOME/tools/ripgrep/doc/man

Then source the relevant config from .zshrc based on the system used.

diff --git i/.config/wezterm/wezterm.lua w/.config/wezterm/wezterm.lua
index 2b2ac4f..272ffca 100644
--- i/.config/wezterm/wezterm.lua
+++ w/.config/wezterm/wezterm.lua
@@ -35,10 +35,9 @@ wezterm.on(
end
)

-return {
+local wez_conf = {
font = wezterm.font_with_fallback({

• "IBM Plex Mono",

• "IBM Plex Mono",
  

  -- "Azeret Mono",
  -- "Iosevka Nerd Font",
  -- "Noto Sans SC",
  @@ -72,3 +71,13 @@ return {
  term = "xterm-256color",
  automatically_reload_config = false,
  }

+-- move current tab left or right, modified from https://wezfurlong.org/wezterm/config/lua/keyassignment/MoveTabRelative.html.
+-- For the key notation, check https://wezfurlong.org/wezterm/config/keys.html#configuring-key-assignments
+local action = wezterm.action
+wez_conf.keys = {

• { key = 'LeftArrow', mods = 'SHIFT|ALT', action = action.MoveTabRelative(-1) },
• { key = 'RightArrow', mods = 'SHIFT|ALT', action = action.MoveTabRelative(1) },
  +}

+return wez_conf

1. autoload is a zsh builtin, its doc can be found in man zhsbuiltins.
   • -U: alias expansion is suppressed when the function is loaded.
   • -z: The flags -z and -k mark the function to be autoloaded using the zsh or ksh style, as if the option KSH_AUTOLOAD were unset or were set, respectively

the meaning of KSH_AUTOLOAD is defined in man zhsoptions:

Emulate ksh function autoloading. This means that when a function is autoloaded, the corresponding file is merely executed, and must define the function itself. (By default, the function is defined to the contents of the file. However, the most common ksh-style case - of the file containing only a simple definition of the function - is always handled in the ksh-compatible manner.)

1. autoloading functions: https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Functions.html
2. what does autoload do in Zsh? https://stackoverflow.com/q/30840651/6064933
3. zsh autoload, what is it good for? https://stackoverflow.com/q/4493173/6064933

Currently it seems that wezterm can not adjust icon height vertically. As a result, the icons and text seem to align not well. Related: wez/wezterm#2818