CLUES is an energy management system for High Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters and Cloud infrastructures. The main function of the system is to power off internal cluster nodes when they are not being used, and conversely to power them on when they are needed. CLUES system integrates with the cluster management middleware, such as a batch-queuing system or a cloud infrastructure management system, by means of different connectors.

CLUES also integrates with the physical infrastructure by means of different plug-ins, so that nodes can be powered on/off using the techniques which best suit each particular infrastructure (e.g. using wake-on-LAN, Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) or Power Device Units, PDU).

Although there exist some batch-queuing systems that provide energy saving mechanisms, some of the most popular choices, such as Torque/PBS, lack this possibility. As far as cloud infrastructure management middleware is concerned, none of the most usual options for scientific environments provide similar features. The additional advantage of the approach taken by CLUES is that it can be integrated with virtually any resource manager, whether or not the manager provides energy saving features.

In order to install CLUES you can follow the next steps:

You need a python interpreter and the easy_install commandline tool. In ubuntu, you can install these things as

$ apt-get -y install python python-setuptools

Git is also needed, in order to get the source code

$ apt-get -y install git

Now you need to install the cpyutils

$ git clone https://github.com/grycap/cpyutils
$ mv cpyutils /opt
$ cd /opt/cpyutils
$ python setup.py install --record installed-files.txt

In case that you want, you can safely remove the /opt/cpyutils folder. But it is recommended to keep the installed-files.txt file just in order to be able to uninstall the cpyutils.

Finally you need to install two python modules from pip:

$ easy_install ply web.py

Firt of all, you need to get the CLUES source code and then install it.

$ git clone https://github.com/grycap/clues
$ mv clues /opt
$ cd /opt/clues
$ python setup.py install --record installed-files.txt

In case that you want, you can safely remove the /opt/clues folder. But it is recommended to keep the installed-files.txt file just in order to be able to uninstall CLUES.

Now you must config CLUES, as it won't work unless you have a valid configuration.

You need a /etc/clues2/clues2.cfg file. So you can get the template and use it for your convenience.

$ cd /etc/clues2
$ cp clues2.cfg-example clues2.cfg

Now you can edit the /etc/clues2/clues2.cfg and adjust its parameters for your specific deployment.

The most important parameters that you MUST adjust are LRMS_CLASS, POWERMANAGER_CLASS and SCHEDULER_CLASSES.

For the LRMS_CLASS you have different options available (you MUST state one and only one of them):

• cluesplugins.one that is designed to work in an OpenNebula deployment.
• cluesplugins.pbs that is designed to work in a Torque/PBS environment.
• cluesplugins.sge that is designed to work in a SGE-like environment
• cluesplugins.slurm that is designed to work in a SLURM environment
• cluesplugins.mesos that is designed to work in a Mesos environment
• cluesplugins.kubernetes that is designed to work in a Kubernetes environment
• cluesplugins.nomad that is designed to work in a Nomad environment

For the POWERMANAGER_CLASS you have different options available (you MUST state one and only one of them):

• cluesplugins.ipmi to power on or off working nodes in an physical infrastructure using IPMI calls
• cluesplugins.wol to power on working nodes in an physical infrastructure using Wake-on-Lan calls, and powering them off using password-less SSH connections.
• cluesplugins.one to create and destoy virtual machines as working nodes in a OpenNebula IaaS.
• cluesplugins.onetemplate to create and destoy virtual machines as working nodes in a in a OpenNebula IaaS (creating the template inline instead of using existing templates).
• cluesplugins.im that is designed to work in an multi-IaaS environment managed by the Infrastructure Manager IM.

Finally, you should state the CLUES schedulers that you want to use. It is a comma-separated ordered list where the schedulers are being called in the same order that they are stated.

For the SCHEDULER_CLASSES parameter you have the following options available:

• clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Requests that will react up on the requests for resources from the underlying middleware. It will take into account the requests for resources and will power on some nodes if needed.
• clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_Reconsider_Jobs, that will monitor the jobs in the LRMS and will power on some resources if the jobs are in the queue for too long.
• clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOff_IDLE, that will power off the nodes that are IDLE after a period of time.
• clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free, that will keep extra empty slots or nodes.

Each of the LRMS, POWERMANAGER or SCHEDULER has its own options that should be properly configured.

In this example we are integrating CLUES in a working SLURM 16.05.8 deployment, which is prepared to ppower on or off the working nodes using IPMI. In the next steps we are configuring CLUES to monitor the SLURM deployment and to intercept the requests for new jobs using sbatch.

On the one side, we must set the proper values in /etc/clues2/clues2.cfg. The most important values are:

[general]
CONFIG_DIR=conf.d
LRMS_CLASS=cluesplugins.slurm
POWERMANAGER_CLASS=cluesplugins.ipmi
MAX_WAIT_POWERON=300
...
[monitoring]
COOLDOWN_SERVED_REQUESTS=300
...
[scheduling]
SCHEDULER_CLASSES=clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Requests, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_Reconsider_Jobs, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOff_IDLE, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free
IDLE_TIME=600
RECONSIDER_JOB_TIME=600
EXTRA_SLOTS_FREE=0
EXTRA_NODES_PERIOD=60

• CONFIG_DIR is the folder (relative to the CLUES configuration folder: /etc/clues2), where the *.cfg files will be considered as part of the configuration (e.g. for the configuration of the plugins).
• LRMS_CLASS is set to use the ONE plugin to monitor the deployment.
• POWERMANAGER_CLASS is set to use IPMI to power on or off the working nodes.
• MAX_WAIT_POWERON is set to an upper bound of the time that a working node lasts to be power on and ready from the IPMI order to power on (in our case 5 minutes). If this time passes, CLUES will consider that the working node has failed to be powered on.
• COOLDOWN_SERVED_REQUESTS is the time during which the requested resources for a VM will be booked by CLUES, once it has been attended (e.g. some working nodes have been powered on). It is needed to take into account the time that passes from when a VM is released to ONE to when the VM is finally deployed into a working node. In case of ONE, when the VM is finally hosted in a host, this time is aborted (it does not happen in other LRMS).
• SCHEDULER_CLASSES are the power-on features that we want for the deployment. In this case, we are reacting up on requests, and we will also consider the requests for resources of jobs that are in the queue for too long. Then, we will power off the working nodes that have been idle for too long, but we will keep some slots free.
• IDLE_TIME is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_PowOff_IDLE and is the time during which a working node has to be idle to be considered to be powered off.
• RECONSIDER_JOB_TIME is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_Reconsider_Jobs scheduler, and states the frequency (in seconds) that a job has to be in the queue before its resources are reconsidered.
• EXTRA_SLOTS_FREE is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free scheduler and states how many slots should be free in the platform.
• EXTRA_NODES_PERIOD=60 is also related to CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free and states the frequency of the scheduler. It is not executed all the time to try to avoid transient allocations.

Once this file is configured, we can use the templates in the /etc/clues2/conf.d folder to configure the SLURM and IPMI plugins. So we are creating the proper files:

$ cd /etc/clues2/conf.d/
$ cp plugin-slurm.cfg-example plugin-slurm.cfg         
$ cp plugin-ipmi.cfg-example plugin-ipmi.cfg         

You should check the variables in the /etc/clues2/conf.d/plugin-slurm.cfg file to match your platform, but the default values may suitable for you. The expected include getting the nodes, queues, jobs, etc.

In the /etc/clues2/conf.d/plugin-ipmi.cfg we should check the variables IPMI_HOSTS_FILE and IPMI_CMDLINE_POWON and IPMI_CMDLINE_POWOF, and set them to the proper values of your deployment.

[IPMI]
IPMI_HOSTS_FILE=ipmi.hosts
IPMI_CMDLINE_POWON=/usr/bin/ipmitool -I lan -H %%a -P "" power on
IPMI_CMDLINE_POWOFF=/usr/bin/ipmitool -I lan -H %%a -P "" power off

The ipmi.hosts should be located in the folder /etc/clues2/ and contains the correspondences of the IPMI IP addresses and the names of the hosts that appear in ONE, using the well known /etc/hosts file format. An example for this file is, where the first column is the IPMI IP address and the second column is the name of the host as appears in ONE.

192.168.1.100   niebla01
192.168.1.102   niebla02
192.168.1.103   niebla03
192.168.1.104   niebla04

The you should adjust the commandline for powering on and off the working nodes, using IPMI. In the default configuration we use the common ipmitool app and we use a passwordless connection to the IPMI interface. To adjust the commandline you can use %%a to substitute the IP address and %%h to substitute the hostname

The SLURM addon is based in substituting the command sbatch by the CLUES sbatch to check whether new nodes are needed. Later this command will call the original SLURM sbatch command to queue the jobs. In order to make it, you should rename the original sbatch command to sbatch.o and then copy the CLUES' one:

# In the case of debian based distributions (e.g. ubuntu)
mv /usr/local/bin/sbatch /usr/local/bin/sbatch.o
cp /usr/local/bin/clues-slurm-wrapper /usr/local/bin/sbatch

# In the case of red-hat based distributions (e.g. fedora, scientific linux)
mv /usr/bin/sbatch /usr/bin/sbatch.o
cp /usr/local/bin/clues-slurm-wrapper /usr/bin/sbatch

Take into account that the users that are able to use sbatch must be able to read the configuration of CLUES.

In this example we are integrating CLUES in a OpenNebula 4.8 deployment, which is prepared to power on or off the working nodes using IPMI. In the next steps we are configuring CLUES to monitor the ONE deployment and to intercept the requests for new VMs.

On the one side, we must set the proper values in /etc/clues2/clues2.cfg. The most important values are:

[general]
CONFIG_DIR=conf.d
LRMS_CLASS=cluesplugins.one
POWERMANAGER_CLASS=cluesplugins.ipmi
MAX_WAIT_POWERON=300
...
[monitoring]
COOLDOWN_SERVED_REQUESTS=300
...
[scheduling]
SCHEDULER_CLASSES=clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Requests, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_Reconsider_Jobs, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOff_IDLE, clueslib.schedulers.CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free
IDLE_TIME=600
RECONSIDER_JOB_TIME=600
EXTRA_SLOTS_FREE=0
EXTRA_NODES_PERIOD=60

• CONFIG_DIR is the folder (relative to the CLUES configuration folder: /etc/clues2), where the *.cfg files will be considered as part of the configuration (e.g. for the configuration of the plugins).
• LRMS_CLASS is set to use the ONE plugin to monitor the deployment.
• POWERMANAGER_CLASS is set to use IPMI to power on or off the working nodes.
• MAX_WAIT_POWERON is set to an upper bound of the time that a working node lasts to be power on and ready from the IPMI order to power on (in our case 5 minutes). If this time passes, CLUES will consider that the working node has failed to be powered on.
• COOLDOWN_SERVED_REQUESTS is the time during which the requested resources for a VM will be booked by CLUES, once it has been attended (e.g. some working nodes have been powered on). It is needed to take into account the time that passes from when a VM is released to ONE to when the VM is finally deployed into a working node. In case of ONE, when the VM is finally hosted in a host, this time is aborted (it does not happen in other LRMS).
• SCHEDULER_CLASSES are the power-on features that we want for the deployment. In this case, we are reacting up on requests, and we will also consider the requests for resources of jobs that are in the queue for too long. Then, we will power off the working nodes that have been idle for too long, but we will keep some slots free.
• IDLE_TIME is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_PowOff_IDLE and is the time during which a working node has to be idle to be considered to be powered off.
• RECONSIDER_JOB_TIME is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_Reconsider_Jobs scheduler, and states the frequency (in seconds) that a job has to be in the queue before its resources are reconsidered.
• EXTRA_SLOTS_FREE is related to the CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free scheduler and states how many slots should be free in the platform.
• EXTRA_NODES_PERIOD=60 is also related to CLUES_Scheduler_PowOn_Free and states the frequency of the scheduler. It is not executed all the time to try to avoid transient allocations.

Once this file is configured, we can use the templates in the /etc/clues2/conf.d folder to configure the ONE and IPMI plugins. So we are creating the proper files:

$ cd /etc/clues2/conf.d/
$ cp plugin-one.cfg-example plugin-one.cfg         
$ cp plugin-ipmi.cfg-example plugin-ipmi.cfg         

In the /etc/clues2/conf.d/plugin-one.cfg we should check the variables ONE_XMLRPC and ONE_AUTH, and set them to the proper values of your deployment. The credentials in the ONE_AUTH variable should be of a user in the oneadmin group (you can use the oneadmin user or create a new one in ONE).

[ONE LRMS]
ONE_XMLRPC=http://localhost:2633/RPC2
ONE_AUTH=clues:cluespass

In the /etc/clues2/conf.d/plugin-ipmi.cfg we should check the variables IPMI_HOSTS_FILE and IPMI_CMDLINE_POWON and IPMI_CMDLINE_POWOF, and set them to the proper values of your deployment.

[IPMI]
IPMI_HOSTS_FILE=ipmi.hosts
IPMI_CMDLINE_POWON=/usr/bin/ipmitool -I lan -H %%a -P "" power on
IPMI_CMDLINE_POWOFF=/usr/bin/ipmitool -I lan -H %%a -P "" power off

The ipmi.hosts should be located in the folder /etc/clues2/ and contains the correspondences of the IPMI IP addresses and the names of the hosts that appear in ONE, using the well known /etc/hosts file format. An example for this file is, where the first column is the IPMI IP address and the second column is the name of the host as appears in ONE.

192.168.1.100   niebla01
192.168.1.102   niebla02
192.168.1.103   niebla03
192.168.1.104   niebla04

The you should adjust the commandline for powering on and off the working nodes, using IPMI. In the default configuration we use the common ipmitool app and we use a passwordless connection to the IPMI interface. To adjust the commandline you can use %%a to substitute the IP address and %%h to substitute the hostname

The hooks mechanism of CLUES enables to call specific applications when different events happen in the system. E.g. when a node is powered on or off. One immediate application of this system is to send an e-mail to the admin when a node has failed to be powered on.

Hooks are custom external scripts (or applications) that are executed when some events happen. CLUES includes the possibility to define the next hooks:

• Prior to execute the power_on action: ./PRE_POWERON
• After the power_on action has been executed: ./POST_POWERON <0: failed | 1: succeded>
• Prior to execute the power_off action: ./PRE_POWEROFF
• After the power_off action has been executed: ./POST_POWEROFF <0: failed | 1: succeded>
• The state of the node has unexpectedly changed from OFF to ON: ./UNEXPECTED_POWERON
• The state of the node has unexpectedly changed from ON to OFF: ./UNEXPECTED_POWEROFF
• When a node has been tried to be powered off, but after a time is still detected as ON: ./ONERR
• When a node has been tried to be powered on, but after a time is still detected as OFF: ./OFFERR
• When a node is finally detected to be ON after it has been requested to be powered on: ./POWEREDON
• When a node is finally detected to be OFF after it has been requested to be powered off: ./POWEREDOFF
• When a node has been missing by the monitoring system: ./UNKNOWN
• When a node gets the idle state from the used state: ./IDLE
• When a node gets the used state from the idle state: ./USED
• When a request for resources is queued in the system: ./REQUEST <; separated specific requests expressions>

CLUES has a report generator that has been created to help to monitor your infrastructure, regarding to CLUES.

The reports that generate CLUES provide the next information:

• Graphs that show the state of the nodes during a period of time.
• Graphs of usage of slots and memory (per node, and accumulated).
• Details about the usage of each node.
• Stats about the requests that CLUES have received and attended.

CLUES provide reports in the form of web pages. So you will need a browser to open these reports. Once opened, the reports web page will look like the next one:

Refer to the Reports documentation to get more information about how to create the reports.

You can get information in the CLUES log file (i.e. /var/log/clues2/clues2.log). But you can also set the LOG_FILE to a empty value in the /etc/clues2/clues2.cfg file and execute CLUES as

$ /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/cluesserver

In the logging information you can find useful messages to debug what is happening. Here we highlight some common issues.

Some messages like

[DEBUG] 2015-06-18 09:41:57,551 could not contact to the ONE server
[WARNING] 2015-06-18 09:41:57,551 an error occurred when monitoring hosts (could not get information from ONE; please check ONE_XMLRPC and ONE_AUTH vars)

usually mean that either the URL that is pointed by ONE_XMLRPC is wrong (or not reachable) or the ONE_AUTH information has not enough privileges.

In a distributed configuration, maybe the ONE server is not reachable from outside the localhost.

When using the client, a message like the next one

$ clues status
Could not get the status of CLUES (Error checking the secret key. Please check the configuration file and the CLUES_SECRET_TOKEN setting)

is usually a sympthom that the CLUES commandline has not permissions to read the clues2.cfg. Please check that the users are able to read the configuration of CLUES.