Library inspired by https://components.espressif.com/components/espressif/ble_ota that implement the firmware and SPIFFS/LittleFS OTA via BLE and writes it to flash, sector by sector, until the upgrade is complete.

The library add two services:

• DIS Service: Displays software and hardware version information, manufacturer, model and serial number
• OTA Service: It is used for OTA upgrade

The DIS Service can contains 5 read only characteristics that can be setted up before BLEOTA.init, if none of these is assigned the service is not added.

The OTA Service can contains 2 characteristics to perform the OTA process.

Command_ID:

• 0x0001: Start Flash OTA, Payload bytes(2 to 5), indicates the length of the firmware. Other Payload is set to 0 by default. CRC16 calculates bytes(0 to 17).
• 0x0004: Start SPIFFS OTA, Payload bytes(2 to 5), indicates the length of the SPIFFS. Other Payload is set to 0 by default. CRC16 calculates bytes(0 to 17).
• 0x0002: Stop OTA, and the remaining Payload will be set to 0. CRC16 calculates bytes(0 to 17).
• 0x0003: The Payload bytes(2 or 3) is the payload of the Command_ID for which the response will be sent. Payload bytes(4 to 5) is a response to the command. 0x0000 indicates accept, 0x0001 indicates reject, 0x0003 indicate signature error. Other payloads are set to 0. CRC16 computes bytes(0 to 17).

The format of the firmware package sent by the client is as follows:

• Sector_Index：Indicates the number of sectors, sector number increases from 0, cannot jump, must be send 4K data and then start transmit the next sector, otherwise it will immediately send the error ACK for request retransmission.
• Packet_Seq：If Packet_Seq is 0xFF, it indicates that this is the last packet of the sector, and the last 2 bytes of Payload is the CRC16 value of 4K data for the entire sector, the remaining bytes will set to 0x0. Server will check the total length and CRC of the data from the client, reply the correct ACK, and then start receive the next sector of firmware data.

The format of the reply packet is as follows:

ACK_Status:

• 0x0000: Success
• 0x0001: CRC error
• 0x0002: Sector_Index error, bytes(4 ~ 5) indicates the desired Sector_Index
• 0x0003： Payload length error

After the creation of BLE server call BLEOTA.begin with the Server pointer

// Create the BLE Device
BLEDevice::init("ESP32");

// Create the BLE Server
pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new ServerCallbacks());

// Begin BLE OTA with security
BLEOTA.begin(pServer, true);

Add the public key

// Add pub key
BLEOTA.setKey(pub_key, strlen(pub_key));

that has been previously defined as:

const char pub_key[] = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAw/rrOWrykXdTPFwZzljd\nPuuhkRDQUJQu0et5dWNd4ntbh+Qp9qDiZMEj9PcUkw6VUCWFTcSFkOR4i3M+H3g3\nJsKGe5y45DGK8HvgOAnGGUtb0/V2UVZAqiUzJ2cXSK+1688/kWRBSv6OTMXFg2Fa\nGnaIEupUIJZfnBjJmZOhqJll+kxvkxE3CjbnnP8SZ31ybItPV3DyML/7RZ3gMBB5\ngVh44kzAIzPD+NtSSU/RNbWOi3rgNPx1SLzUPjThkHAkVRJ96pWEctiblv2XwoIm\n1ZJEeeda3O46+zCpsI1Ph5oo8mi4QWj1MvkQldo3XtLWRtH/IbMLEgRSR5y054Tg\n0QIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

with the content of the .pub file

The process for signing the file is:

• generate the private key (keep this secret) and the corresponding public key:

openssl genrsa -out priv_key.pem 2048
openssl rsa -in priv_key.pem -pubout > rsa_key.pub

• export the compiled sketch or SPIFFS to get the bin file and create the digest of the file with SHA256 hash with the private key:

openssl dgst -sign priv_key.pem -keyform PEM -sha256 -out signature.sign -binary file.ino.bin

• throw it all in one file

cat file.ino.bin signature.sign > ota.bin

use the ota.bin to perform the update

BLEOTA

After the creation of BLE server call BLEOTA.begin with the Server pointer

// Create the BLE Device
BLEDevice::init("ESP32");

// Create the BLE Server
pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new ServerCallbacks());

// Begin BLE OTA
BLEOTA.begin(pServer);

Eventually set the values of the DIS Service

#ifdef MODEL
  BLEOTA.setModel(MODEL);
#endif
#ifdef SERIAL_NUM
  BLEOTA.setSerialNumber(SERIAL_NUM);
#endif
#ifdef FW_VERSION
  BLEOTA.setFWVersion(FW_VERSION);
#endif
#ifdef HW_VERSION
  BLEOTA.setHWVersion(HW_VERSION);
#endif
#ifdef MANUFACTURER
  BLEOTA.setManufactuer(MANUFACTURER);
#endif

Call BLEOTA.init to add the service

BLEOTA.init();

If you want to add the OTA Service to the advertising in the setup add

pAdvertising->addServiceUUID(BLEOTA.getBLEOTAuuid());

Add to loop the process function

BLEOTA.process();

BLEOTA_SECURE

After the creation of BLE server call BLEOTA.begin with the Server pointer and security enabled and set the public key Security

// Create the BLE Device
BLEDevice::init("ESP32");

// Create the BLE Server
pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new ServerCallbacks());

// Begin BLE OTA with security
BLEOTA.begin(pServer, true);
// Add pub key
BLEOTA.setKey(pub_key, strlen(pub_key));

BLEOTA_WEBAPP

Small web application that implement the OTA process over BLE with Web Bluetooth