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Using mongoose.Schema.Types.Mixed is works in that it allows you to seed your models from the data from SWAPI. However, it does not work properly to related the field in Character back to the Planets model.

In RESTful architecture, you do not have /create, /update/, /delete in the Path of the (controller) action. The HTTP method (POST, PUT, DELETE) contains that information, so your paths are generally just the resource (/) or the reference to a specific instance of that resource /:id

When refactoring your controller method to use the .populate() method from Mongoose, it could look something like this:

Character.find({})
  .populate("home_planet")
  .exec((err, characters) => res.json(characters));

This does not work with how the Character model is defined using the Mixed type and not ObjectId for the home_planet field.

See: Mongoose documentation: Population