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How to italicize the x or y axis label in ggplot2

How to save the plot title and plot x,y axis labels ?

The motivation for this issue was derived from this SO post

Often in plotting scientific diagrams there is a requirement for adding a subscript.
The objective is to learn how to add subscripts in a plot using the ggplot2 library

This question was originally asked on StackOverflow

This question is derived from SO

If the x-axis labels are very long say the x-axis is a factor variable with long length names, then when plotting such data the x-axis will be cramped. So how to overcome this problem?

Consider an example as given;

library(ggplot2)
data(diamonds)
diamonds$cut <- paste("Super Dee-Duper",as.character(diamonds$cut))
q <- qplot(cut,carat,data=diamonds,geom="boxplot")
q 

to change boxes shown in the density plot legend into lines, and I understand I need to use guides. However, the following codes are not working:

> set.seed(0)
> library(ggplot2)
> df <- data.frame(Income=c(rnorm(500,1000,200),rnorm(500,900,10)),Type=c(rep("A",500),rep("K",500)))
> p2p <- ggplot(df,aes(x=Income))+geom_density(aes(colour=Type))+
+   guides(colour = guide_legend(override.aes = list(linetype = 1, shape = 3)))
> p2p

I would like to add a kernel density estimate for 2 types of data to a ggplot. If I use the following code, it displays a kernal density estimate for the 2nd factor level only. How do I get a kernel density estimate for both factor levels (preferably different colors)?

ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = disp, y=mpg, color=factor(vs))) +
   theme_bw() +
   geom_point(size=.5) +
   geom_smooth(method = 'loess', se = FALSE) +
   stat_density_2d(geom = "raster", aes(fill = ..density.., alpha = ..density..), contour = FALSE) +
   scale_alpha(range = c(0,1)) + 
   guides(alpha=FALSE)

See the plot

plotly is a R library for plotting dynamic graphics. It is mostly used for interactive charts like Shiny. This question was originally posted on StackOverflow (SO).

"This is similar question to this one How to use superscript with ggplot2 but instead of hard coded value of the label I have a string in variable and I need to append the "mm^3" to the string and display that in ggplot."

This question was originally asked on SO

Assume, in a dataframe there is a variable with either many levels (if categorical) or several intervals (if continuous). Is it possible to create individual ggplots without having to specify each time, how it should be made? If yes, explain with code?

Rather than using the default font system of the R environment, I want to use additional fonts like Comic Sans MS or Tahoma or Times New Roman. How do I accomplish this?

I am trying to do is make a histogram of density values and overlay that with the curve of a density function (not the density estimate).

• Density curve- A density curve is a graph that shows probability. The area under the density curve is equal to 100 percent of all probabilities. As we usually use decimals in probabilities you can also say that the area is equal to 1 (because 100% as a decimal is 1).

• Density estimate- is the construction of an estimate, based on observed data, of an unobservable underlying probability density function. The unobservable density function is thought of as the density according to which a large population is distributed; the data are usually thought of as a random sample from that population.

Using a simple standard normal example, here is some data:

library(ggplot2)
# sample data
x <- rnorm(1000)

This question was originally asked on SO. The question is as follows;
I want to add one more feature that creating the directory with the graph name and store corresponding figures to those folder. For instance if the graph name is setosa create folder named setosa and store setosa graph to inside to that new directory.

See the following similar questions, 1, 2, 3

Here is my current working code for saving graphs to working directory.

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
plot_list = list() # Initialize an empty list
     for (i in unique(iris$Species)) {
  p = ggplot(iris[iris$Species == i, ], aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width)) +
     geom_point(size = 3, aes(colour = Species))
  plot_list[[i]] = p
}

for (i in unique(iris$Species)) {
  file_name = paste( i, ".tiff", sep="")
  tiff(file_name)
  print(plot_list[[i]])
  dev.off()
}

This question was originally asked on SO

library(ggplot2)    

carrots <- data.frame(length = rnorm(500000, 10000, 10000))
cukes <- data.frame(length = rnorm(50000, 10000, 20000))
carrots$veg <- 'carrot'
cukes$veg <- 'cuke'
vegLengths <- rbind(carrots, cukes)

ggplot(vegLengths, aes(length, fill = veg)) +
 geom_density(alpha = 0.2)

Now say I only want to plot the region between x=-5000 to 5000, instead of the entire range.
How can I do that?

My R environment consist of following;

R version 3.3.3 (2017-03-06) Platform: i386-w64-mingw32/i386 (32-bit) Running under: Windows 7 x64 (build 7601) Service Pack 1 ggplot2_2.2.1

How do I change the color of text for axis x and axis y in ggplot2?

The default alignment for plot title if using ggplot2 library is left-align. How to center align the plot title?

• What is annotation?
• How does it work in ggplot2?
• How to annotate a plot?
• How to annotate text on individual facets in ggplot2?
• How to add a single annotation on a facet?
• How to add different annotation on facets?

So I was trying to center align the plot title, using the following code snippet, but it would not work; I provide the code below

library(ggplot2)  
ggplot(iris, aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Petal.Length, color=Species))+
  ggtitle("Sepal & Petal length in Iris flower")+
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set2")+
  ggsave("plot.pdf")+ 
  theme_classic()+
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))

The system specs are R version, ggplot2 version 2.2.1, RStudio v1.0.136 3.3.3, Win 7 64 bit Service Pack 1

This question was originally asked on SO

The OP wanted to show data values on a stacked bar chart, such that the data values are in the middle of each portion.

# dummy data
Year      <- c(rep(c("2006-07", "2007-08", "2008-09", "2009-10"), each = 4))
Category  <- c(rep(c("A", "B", "C", "D"), times = 4))
Frequency <- c(168, 259, 226, 340, 216, 431, 319, 368, 423, 645, 234, 685, 166, 467, 274, 251)
Data      <- data.frame(Year, Category, Frequency)

This question was originally asked on SO

Given a data frame, mpg_data <- as.data.frame(mpg). On trying to plot using the code, ggplot(mpg_data, aes(x = mpg_data[1:10,], y = mpg_data[1:10,])) + geom_point(), the following error is generated;

Don't know how to automatically pick scale for object of type data.frame. Defaulting to continuous. Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data (234): x, y

Change text style in title and X/Y axis labels

Let's say, you want to do split up your data by one or more variables and plot the subsets of data together. This can be achieved by facetting or facet. A minimum reproducible example is given below;

library(ggplot2)
mpg_data <- as.data.frame(mpg)

ggplot(data = mpg_data[1:10,], aes(x = cty, y = cyl)) + 
  geom_point()+
  facet_wrap(~model)

This question was originally asked on SO. I'm duplicating it here for any future references. The OP required a graph like this. The question is how to replicate it in ggplot2 with

• both vertical and horizontal dashed lines,
• the round intercepting dot where the dashed lines meet
• Q and NIR labels at the axes?

The inspiration for this issue comes from this SO question

In my attempts to answer this question, I encountered a strange problem wherein the characters end up on top of each other, when trying to save the plot to pdf format using ggsave() method.

This question was originally asked on SO. The OP question goes like this;

"I need help to add the adjusted p value (bonferroni for example) on ggplot boxplot instead of p value. I've try do it with stat_compare_means from ggpub package by using the ..p.adj.. on the aesthetics but it doesn't work when add the comparison list."

mydf <- data.frame(A=1:300, B=rep(c("x","y","z"),100))
ggplot(data= mydf, aes(x=B,y=A)) + geom_boxplot() + 
stat_compare_means(aes(label=..p.adj..),
                   comparisons = list(c("x","y"),c("x","z"),c("y","z")))

This question was originally asked on SO here and here

ggplot2 has the ability to change the margins between a faceted plot using the argument panel.margin in opts. This seems to change both horizontal and vertical spacing. Is there a way to change the spacing of either horizontal or vertical without changing the other?

library(ggplot2)
# dummy data
mtcars[, c("cyl", "am", "gear")] <- lapply(mtcars[, c("cyl", "am", "gear")], as.factor)
# create the plot
example <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(mpg, wt, group = cyl)) + 
  geom_line(aes(color=cyl)) +
  geom_point(aes(shape=cyl)) + 
  facet_grid(gear ~ am) +
  theme_bw()        
# visualize the plot
example + theme(panel.spacing.x=unit(2, "lines"))

See the Plot

After generating horizontal boxplots, how will I add labels to them?

This question was originally asked on SO

I have boxplots representing results of two methods, each with two validation approaches and three scenarios, to be plotted using ggplot2. Everything works fine, but I want to change the x-axis tick label to differentiate between the type of technique used in each group.

library(ggplot2)
set.seed(1)
data <- data.frame(
  Method = rep(c("Method 1", "Method 2"), each = 100),
  Validation = rep(c("Iterations", "Recursive"), times = 100),
  Scenario = sample(c("Scenario 1", "Scenario 2", "Scenario 3"), 200, replace = TRUE),
  Accuracy = runif(200)
)

I just want to change the first x-tick label (Iterations) in Method 1 and Method 2 into 100-iterations and 10-iterations, respectively.

I tried to add this code but that changes the labels for both groups.

+ scale_x_discrete(name = "Validation",  labels = c("100-iterations", "Recursive", 
                              "10-iterations", "Recursive"))

See the plot

• See this website for color palettes

By default ggplot2 sorts this particular graph (code below) in a format that places the months numerically in order (1,2,3,4...). How do I get the graph to place the 2017 months before the 2018 months?
This question was originally posted on SO

library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)

df <- data.frame(date = today() + days(1:300), value = runif(300))

df_summary_mo <- df %>%
mutate(year = format(date, "%Y"), month = format(date, "%m")) %>%
group_by(year, month) %>%
summarise(total = sum(value))

ggplot(df_summary_mo, aes(month, total, fill=year, reorder(year,month))) + geom_col()

This question was originally asked at SO where the OP had numeric values in a column and wanted them to be plotted as text in the legend. Essentially the variable, daysofweek had values 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. The question was how to plot these values as Monday, Tuesday,...,Sunday?

When using the filter() verb from the dplyr library, this error message came up.

set.seed(123)
library(dplyr)
df <- data.frame(year = 1960:2006,
                 Weekly_Hours_Per_Person = c(2:10, 9:0, 1:10, 9:1, 2:10),
                 GDP_Per_Hour = 1:47 + rnorm(n = 47, mean = 0))

# Only label selected years
str(df)

df_label <- filter(df, df$year %in% c(1960, 1968, 1978, 1988, 1997, 2006))

library(ggrepel)

ggplot(df, aes(Weekly_Hours_Per_Person, GDP_Per_Hour)) +
  geom_path() +
  geom_point(data = df_label) +
  geom_text_repel(data = df_label, aes(label = year)) +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 12))
))

The above code when executed will give this error?

This question is derived from a Stack Overflow post

Assume, a data frame like df<- data.frame(x = rnorm(1000, 0, 1), y = rnorm(1000, 0, 2), z = rnorm(1000, 2, 1.5)). How to add a dotted vertical line to highlight a particular section of the plot?

What happens if aes() is placed inside ggplot() function or its placed inside a geom_ type function

The x-axis label's for some factor variables are many. When plotted they are clump together with each other?

Today morning, a student asked me this question, "Sir, how do I add labels over a barplot?". She did not want to use the ggplot2 library.

Occasionally when faceting data in ggplot, I think it would be nice to annotate each facet with the number of observations that fell into each facet. This is particularly important when faceting may result in relatively few observations per facet.

What would be the best / simplest way to add an "n=X" to each facet of this plot?

require(ggplot2)
mms <- data.frame(deliciousness = rnorm(100),
                  type=sample(as.factor(c("peanut", "regular")), 100, replace=TRUE),
                  color=sample(as.factor(c("red", "green", "yellow", "brown")), 100, replace=TRUE))
plot <- ggplot(data=mms, aes(x=deliciousness)) + geom_density() + facet_grid(type ~ color)
plot # view the plot

This question is derived from SO. See the plot. The question is how to get the coloful bars? How to implement the small rectangles?

This question was originally asked on SO

Given a contingency table 2x2 with the counted numbers in cells, how can I get a grouped bar plot with stacked percentages?
This question was originally asked on SO

How to add a custom legend to ggplot2

In the following code snippet survey_set %>% group_by(Country, TabsSpaces) %>% summarize(MedianSalary = median(Salary)) %>% ungroup() %>% mutate(Country = factor(Country, countries)) %>% ggplot(aes(TabsSpaces, MedianSalary, fill = TabsSpaces)) + geom_col(alpha = 0.9, show.legend = FALSE) + theme(strip.text.x = element_text(size = 11, family = "Roboto-Bold")) + facet_wrap(~ Country, scales = "free") + labs(x = '"Do you use tabs or spaces?"', y = "Median annual salary (US Dollars)", title = "Salary differences between developers who use tabs and spaces", subtitle = paste("From", comma(nrow(survey_set)), "respondents in the 2017 Developer Survey results")) + scale_y_continuous(labels = dollar_format(), expand = c(0,0)),

on execution gives the a warning message like Warning messages: 1: In grid.Call(L_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font family not found in Windows font database 2: In grid.Call(L_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font family not found in Windows font database

This question was initially asked on SO

Question

I am trying to put the title of the legend on top, whereas the values are distributed horizontally but I cannot.

library(tidyverse)

df1 <- data.frame(
  sex = factor(c("Female","Female","Male","Male")),
  time = factor(c("Lunch","Dinner","Lunch","Dinner"), levels=c("Lunch","Dinner")),
  total_bill = c(13.53, 16.81, 16.24, 17.42))

ggplot(data=df1, 
       aes(x=time, y=total_bill, group=sex, shape=sex, colour=sex)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
  ) +     
  scale_color_manual(values=c("#0000CC", "#CC0000"),
                     name = 'Gender')

How to make a column graph that has the y-axis text mirror the fill color in the graph itself?

# create dummy data
top_bot_5_both <- structure(list(
  name = structure(c(20L, 19L, 18L, 17L, 16L, 15L, 14L, 13L, 12L, 
                     11L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L), 
                   .Label = c("Michele Bachmann", "Donald Trump", "Ted Cruz", 
                              "Newt Gingrich", "Rick Santorum", "Terry McAuliffe", 
                              "Nancy Pelosi", "Debbie Wasserman Schultz", 
                              "Tammy Baldwin", "Joe Biden", "Rand Paul", "Jeb Bush", 
                              "John Kasich", "Barack Obama", "Bill Clinton", 
                              "Hillary Clinton", "Nathan Deal", "Tim Kaine", 
                              "Rob Portman", "Sherrod Brown"), 
                   class = "factor"),
  Party = c("Democratic", "Republican", "Democratic", "Republican", "Democratic", 
            "Democratic", "Democratic", "Republican", "Republican", "Republican", 
            "Republican", "Republican", "Republican", "Republican", "Republican", 
            "Democratic", "Democratic", "Democratic", "Democratic", "Democratic"), 
  total_ratings = c(35L, 48L, 51L, 49L, 296L, 41L, 599L, 64L, 80L, 55L, 
                    61L, 472L, 123L, 82L, 61L, 31L, 35L, 48L, 33L, 75L), 
  sum = c(22, 29, 21, 18, 96, 12, 172, 16, 18, 2, -86, -525, -94, -57, 
          -42, -19, -14, -7, -4, -1), 
  score = c(0.628571428571429, 0.604166666666667, 0.411764705882353, 
            0.36734693877551, 0.324324324324324, 0.292682926829268, 
            0.287145242070117, 0.25, 0.225, 0.0363636363636364, -1.40983606557377, 
            -1.11228813559322, -0.764227642276423, -0.695121951219512, 
            -0.688524590163934, -0.612903225806452, -0.4, -0.145833333333333, 
            -0.121212121212121, -0.0133333333333333)), 
  class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), 
  row.names = c(NA, -20L), 
  .Names = c("name", "Party", "total_ratings", "sum", "score"))

In creating a bar plot, if the code is written as p1<- ggplot(data = xapi.data, x=gender, y=raisedhands)+ geom_bar(stat = "identity") + coord_flip() + ylab("Y LABEL") + xlab("X LABEL") + ggtitle("TITLE OF THE FIGURE"), it will compile but will not execute. On execution, you will get an error like, Error in pmin(y, 0) : object 'y' not found In addition: Warning messages: 1: In min(x, na.rm = na.rm) : no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf 2: In max(x, na.rm = na.rm) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf 3: In min(diff(sort(x))) : no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

This question was originally asked on StackOverflow

I'm reproducing it here for any future reference

Given the code,

> attach(mpg)
> ggplot(data = mpg, aes(y= displ))+
  geom_boxplot()

generates the following error;

Error: stat_boxplot requires the following missing aesthetics: y
In addition: Warning message:
Continuous x aesthetic -- did you forget aes(group=...)?