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Learn how to combine libprotobuf-mutator with libfuzzer & AFL++

License: MIT License

Makefile 19.68% C++ 74.37% Shell 2.87% C 3.08%

afl afl-fuzz fuzzer libfuzzer protobuf

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libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning's Issues

[Research] How to parse and mutate a protobuf structure

For now the custom mutator in 4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator will NOT process the input from AFL++, meaning it will not process the input in in/. I remember I want to do something like:

TEST input = protobuf_mutator::ParseTextMessage(test_case);  // test_case == "a:1\nb: 'AAAA'"
protobuf_mutator::mutate(input); // THIS IS NOT A VALID CALL THOUGH
string raw_data = ProtoToData(input);
..................

But in the AFL++'s custom mutator it always failed while parsing the input data because AFL++ will always pass an invalid TEST text message into the custom mutator function ( most of them are incomplete input data from in/ ). Gotta do some research and see if this is doable.

clang: error: no such file or directory libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a

when I am doing EX2. There are two errors? How to fix it?

clang -g -fsanitize=fuzzer,address -I../1_simple_protobuf/genfiles -o lpm_libfuzz harness.o lpm_libfuzz.cc ../1_simple_protobuf/genfiles/test.pb.cc /home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a /home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libprotobuf-mutator.a /home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a -I/home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/include -I/home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator
clang: error: no such file or directory: '/home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a'
clang: error: no such file or directory: '/home/sing/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libprotobuf-mutator.a'
make: *** [Makefile:21: lpm_libfuzz] Error 1

sing@Fuzz-learning:~/libprotobuf-mutator/build$ clang --version
Ubuntu clang version 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

sing@Fuzz-learning:~/libprotobuf-mutator/build$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.28.1

My process of doing this program

When I run sudo ninja install.
No "libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a" and "libprotobuf-mutator.a" have been installed.

sing@Fuzz-learning:~/libprotobuf-mutator/build$ sudo ninja install
[0/1] Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Debug"
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/libprotobuf-mutator/libprotobuf-mutatorTargets.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/libprotobuf-mutator/libprotobuf-mutatorTargets-debug.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/libprotobuf-mutator/libprotobuf-mutatorConfig.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/OFF/libprotobuf-mutator.pc
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/port
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/port/gtest.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/port/protobuf.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/random.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/libfuzzer
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_macro.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_mutator.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/text_format.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/weighted_reservoir_sampler.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/utf8_fix.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/field_instance.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/binary_format.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libprotobuf-mutator/src/mutator.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libprotobuf-mutator.so.0
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/lib/libprotobuf-mutator.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.so.0
-- Set non-toolchain portion of runtime path of "/usr/local/lib/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.so.0" to ""

Update the example to fit the latest environment & AFL++

[ 2020/12/16 ]
Try make the code works in the following environments:

Ubuntu 20.04
Clang 11
AFL++ 3.0.0c

If I have time though ... Orz

New example of combining libprotobuf-mutator and AFL++

The custom mutator in AFL++ has some new APIs now
Update the example in 4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator once they release a new version of AFL++

lpm_aflpp_custom_mutator_input.so fails to load. undefined symbol: _ZN4absl12lts_2023012512log_internal9kCharNullE

Protoc version: libprotoc 22.3
libprotobuf-mutator: 3b28530531b154a748fe9884bc9219b4966f0754

Here is my Dockerfile to setup the environment

FROM ubuntu:22.04

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8

RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386
RUN apt-get -y update &&\
    apt-get dist-upgrade -y &&\
    apt-get install -y ruby \
        build-essential \
        git \
        python3 \
        python3-pip \
        ipython3 \
        libc6:i386 \
        libncurses5:i386 \
        libstdc++6:i386 \
        socat \
        tmux \
        strace \
        ltrace \
        libcapstone-dev \
        seccomp \
        ruby-dev \
        xxd \
        netcat  \
        iproute2 \
        vim \
        elfutils \
        sudo \
        binutils-common \
        patchelf \
        automake \
        cmake \
        flex \
        bison \
        libglib2.0-dev \
        libpixman-1-dev \
        python3-setuptools \
        cargo \
        libgtk-3-dev

RUN apt-get install -y \
        lld \
        llvm-11 \
        llvm-11-dev \
        clang-11 \
        libfuzzer-11-dev

RUN apt-get install -y \
        zip \
        bison \
        cmake \
        flex \
        libedit-dev \
        zlib1g-dev \
        libelf-dev \
        libfl-dev \
        python3-setuptools \
        liblzma-dev \
        libdebuginfod-dev \
        netperf \
        iperf \
        libssl-dev \
        wget \
        python-is-python3 \
        neovim \
        gcc-multilib \
        libreadline-dev \
        bsdmainutils \
        meson \
        texinfo \
        ninja-build \
        protobuf-compiler \
        libprotobuf-dev \
        libz-dev \
        pkg-config \
        autoconf \
        libtool


RUN apt-get install -y gcc-$(gcc --version|head -n1|sed 's/\..*//'|sed 's/.* //')-plugin-dev libstdc++-$(gcc --version|head -n1|sed 's/\..*//'|sed 's/.* //')-dev


RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# RUN cd /opt && git clone --depth 1 --recurse-submodules https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg && cd pwndbg && ./setup.sh
RUN cd /opt && git clone https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus && cd AFLplusplus && make distrib && make install

RUN wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.28/cmake-3.28.0-rc4-linux-x86_64.sh
RUN mkdir /opt/cmake
RUN sh cmake-3.28.0-rc4-linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/opt/cmake/ --skip-license
RUN ln -s /opt/cmake/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake

RUN git clone https://github.com/google/libprotobuf-mutator.git /opt/libprotobuf-mutator

# build libprotobuf-mutator and install the protobuf-compiler and libprotobuf from the external.protobuf build
RUN cd /opt/libprotobuf-mutator && \
    mkdir build && \
    cd build && \
    cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-11 \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-11 \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
    -DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON \
    -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fPIC" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fPIC" && \
    ninja -j $(nproc) && \
    cd external.protobuf/src/external.protobuf-build && \
    cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/ ../external.protobuf && \
    cmake --build . --target install

RUN git clone https://github.com/bruce30262/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning /opt/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning

WORKDIR /root/
ENTRYPOINT ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]

here is my updated Makefile for 5_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator_input

TARGET=lpm_aflpp_custom_mutator_input
CXX=clang++-11
AFLCC=/opt/AFLplusplus/afl-gcc
PB_SRC=test.pb.cc

PROTOBUF_DIR=/opt/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf
PROTOBUF_LIB=$(PROTOBUF_DIR)/lib/libprotobufd.a

LPM_DIR=/opt/libprotobuf-mutator
LPM_LIB=$(LPM_DIR)/build/src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a $(LPM_DIR)/build/src/libprotobuf-mutator.a

INC=-I$(PROTOBUF_DIR)/include -I$(LPM_DIR) -I/opt

all: $(TARGET).so

$(TARGET).so: $(TARGET).cc $(PB_SRC)
        $(CXX) -fPIC -c $^ $(INC)
        $(CXX) -shared -Wall -O3 -o $@ *.o $(LPM_LIB) $(PROTOBUF_LIB)

vuln: vuln.c
        $(AFLCC) -o $@ $^

test_proto_serializer: test_proto_serializer.cc $(PB_SRC)
        $(CXX) -o $@ $^ $(PROTOBUF_LIB) $(INC)

.PHONY: clean
clean:
        rm *.so *.o vuln test_proto_serializer

generated new test.pb.cc and test.pb.h using the protoc built from libprotobuf-mutator

building the library

# make all
clang++-11 -fPIC -c lpm_aflpp_custom_mutator_input.cc test.pb.cc -I/opt/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/include -I/opt/libprotobuf-mutator -I/opt
clang++-11 -shared -Wall -O3 -o lpm_aflpp_custom_mutator_input.so *.o /opt/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.a /opt/libprotobuf-mutator/build/src/libprotobuf-mutator.a /opt/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a
#

running run_fuzz.sh crashes

Any Idea what is causing this?

Protoc Version

I tried fuzzing a sample program that utilizes the libprotobuf-mutator but encountered errors. When fuzzing programs that do not utilize libprotobuf-mutator, there are no errors. The errors occurred due to missing or incompatible header files of protobuf.

I had successfully built the LLVM Project.
There were no errors in building libprotobuf-mutator.

"By default, the system-installed version of protobuf is used. However, on some systems, the system version is too old. You can pass LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON to CMake to automatically download and build a working version of protobuf."

Since the above was mentioned in the GitHub repository of libprotobuf-mutator, I set the above-mentioned flag. There is a directory libprotobuf-mutator in the directory "/usr/local/include". So, I think that the header files of libprotobuf mutator are properly installed. However, there were some incompatibilities of header files with the protoc (protobuf compiler) version, resulting in errors.
4. When I built the libprotobuf-mutator, it had a protoc in the directory "/libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/bin/protoc-25.2.0". I used this protoc by exporting the path, but I run into error that runtime_version.h was not found.

Also, there was a system-installed version of protoc that can be installed using the package manager, with the version:

"Package: protobuf-compiler Version: 3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.1"

Additionally, there were header files of protoc in the directory /usr/include/google/protobuf.

I uninstalled the version of protoc that was installed from the package manager and then I rebuilt the libprotobuf-mutator, but then the header files were missing. I again installed the protoc from the package manager, but then there were some incompatibilities of header files with the protoc version, resulting in errors. From this, I derive that the header files of the protoc which are with libprotobuf-mutator are not installed.
So, I tried building protobuf from source. I built the latest version of protobuf. Still, the header files were not in the /usr/include directory. And the errors of missing header files persisted. So, I copied the header files to the /usr/include directory and tried again. But then I got the error:

In file included from test_proto.cc:2:
./genfiles/ast.pb.h:15:2: error: "This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is"
   15 | #error "This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is"
      |  ^
./genfiles/ast.pb.h:16:2: error: "incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update"
   16 | #error "incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update"
      |  ^
In file included from calc.cc:2:
In file included from ./genfiles/ast.pb.h:26:
/usr/include/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h:110:10: fatal error: 'absl/log/absl_check.h' file not found
  110 | #include "absl/log/absl_check.h"
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 errors generated.

Note: The absl library is installed.

I also tried another way. Since the version of protoc is 25.2.0 in the libprotobuf-mutator, I thought that it probably requires this version of protoc. So I built that version of protoc from source, but there were errors in building.
Should I try building the protobuf version 25.2.0 again?

Kindly give me any insights that could resolve this and I can properly perform structure aware fuzzing in libfuzzer using libprotobuf-mutator. I understand that the points mentioned may be cluttered. Kindly notify me if it is too cluttered. Thank you for your time.

Will "mutated_out" cause memory leaks?

In the “afl_custom_fuzz” function, mutated_out allocates a piece of memory and assigns the pointer to out_buf. In AFLPP this piece of memory is not released, will this cause memory leak?

About protoc version

Hello, I want to learn about how to combine afl++ and libprotobuf-mutator. I fellow your command "cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-11
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-11
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
-DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON
-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fPIC" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fPIC" "
This will install protoc in libprotobuf-mutator/build/external.protobuf/bin/ , and the version of protoc is 3.17.3.
I fellow your tutorial in 5_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator_input and usd command make try to create lpm_aflpp_custom_mutator_input.so.But there has some trouble seems like because of protoc version

Looks like two questions, first is the version of protoc, second is can't find inlined_string_field.h. Can you help me? Thank you very much!

invalid UTF-8 data when serializing a protocol buffer

The field type is string, when I call Mutate method, the error blow occured.

[libprotobuf ERROR google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc:577] String field 'xxxxx' contains invalid UTF-8 data when serializing a protocol buffer. Use the 'bytes' type if you intend to send raw bytes.

/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value

sorry about this, but when I trying to install and study this, I meet some errors and I cannot find any information about errors....
and I'm sure I followed environment settings in readme...

basically, when i use this:

cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-14 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-14 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON

then I will receive errors in ninja check like /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value

but i dont receive errors while using this:

cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-14 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-14 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fPIC" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fPIC"

I'm totally confused about this situation...

environment

root@truth:~# uname -a
Linux truth 6.2.0-36-generic #37~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Oct  9 15:34:04 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@truth:~# clang-14 --version
Ubuntu clang version 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

root@truth:~# clang++-14 --version
Ubuntu clang version 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

root@truth:~# cmake --version
cmake version 3.28.1

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

and I use these commands to clone libprotobuf-mutator and afl++

git clone --hrad af3bb1 https://github.com/google/libprotobuf-mutator.git
git clone --hard 61e77c https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus.git

install

root@truth:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build#  cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-14 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-14 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
-- The CXX compiler identification is Clang 14.0.0
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/clang++-14 - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- The C compiler identification is Clang 14.0.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/clang-14 - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Looking for lzma_auto_decoder in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_auto_decoder in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so - found
-- Looking for lzma_easy_encoder in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_easy_encoder in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so - found
-- Looking for lzma_lzma_preset in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_lzma_preset in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so - found
-- Found LibLZMA: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so (found version "5.2.5") 
-- Found ZLIB: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so (found version "1.2.11")  
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_ADDRESS
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_ADDRESS - Success
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_SCOPE
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_SCOPE - Success
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_NO_COVERAGE
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_NO_COVERAGE - Success
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_FUZZER
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_SANITIZE_FUZZER - Success
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_NO_SANITIZE_FUZZER
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_NO_SANITIZE_FUZZER - Success
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_WSTRING_CONVERSION
-- Performing Test LIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_HAS_WSTRING_CONVERSION - Success
-- Found Protobuf: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotobuf.so (found version "3.12.4") 
-- Configuring done (1.3s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build
root@truth:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build# ninja check
[5/75] Performing download step (git clone) for 'external.googletest'
......
......
[53/75] Linking CXX executable src/mutator_test
FAILED: src/mutator_test 
: && /usr/bin/clang++-14 -fno-exceptions -Werror -Wall -Wstring-conversion -g  src/CMakeFiles/mutator_test.dir/mutator_test.cc.o src/CMakeFiles/mutator_test.dir/utf8_fix_test.cc.o src/CMakeFiles/mutator_test.dir/weighted_reservoir_sampler_test.cc.o -o src/mutator_test  -Wl,-rpath,/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/src  src/libprotobuf-mutator.so.0  src/libmutator-test-proto.so  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so  external.googletest/lib/libgtest.a  external.googletest/lib/libgmock.a  external.googletest/lib/libgtest_main.a  -Xlinker --start-group  external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_any_cast_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_optional_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_variant_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_base.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_city.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_civil_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_functions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_handle.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_info.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_sample_token.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cord_state.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cpu_detect.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc32c.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_debugging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_demangle_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_die_if_null.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_examine_stack.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_exponential_biased.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_failure_signal_handler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_config.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_marshalling.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_parse.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_private_handle_accessor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_program_name.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_reflection.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_graphcycles_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hashtablez_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_int128.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_kernel_timeout_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_leak_check.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_entry.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_initialize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_check_op.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_conditions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_format.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_log_sink_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_message.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_nullguard.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_proto.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_severity.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_sink.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_low_level_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_malloc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_periodic_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_distributions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_distribution_test_util.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_platform.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_pool_urbg.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_slow.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_seed_material.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_gen_exception.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_sequences.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_hash_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_logging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_scoped_set_env.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_spinlock_wait.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_stacktrace.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_status.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_statusor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_str_format_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strerror.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_string_view.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_symbolize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_synchronization.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_throw_delegate.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time_zone.a  external.protobuf/lib/libutf8_validity.a  -Xlinker --end-group && :
/usr/bin/ld: src/mutator_test: hidden symbol `_ZN6google8protobuf8internal8TcParser8FastMtS2EPNS0_11MessageLiteEPKcPNS1_12ParseContextENS1_11TcFieldDataEPKNS1_16TcParseTableBaseEm' in external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a(generated_message_tctable_lite.cc.o) is referenced by DSO
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
[54/75] Linking CXX executable src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_test
FAILED: src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_test 
: && /usr/bin/clang++-14 -fno-exceptions -Werror -Wall -Wstring-conversion -g  src/libfuzzer/CMakeFiles/libfuzzer_test.dir/libfuzzer_test.cc.o -o src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_test  -Wl,-rpath,/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/src/libfuzzer:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/src  src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.so.0  src/libmutator-test-proto.so  external.googletest/lib/libgtest.a  external.googletest/lib/libgmock.a  external.googletest/lib/libgtest_main.a  src/libprotobuf-mutator.so.0  -Xlinker --start-group  external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_any_cast_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_optional_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_variant_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_base.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_city.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_civil_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_functions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_handle.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_info.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_sample_token.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cord_state.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cpu_detect.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc32c.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_debugging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_demangle_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_die_if_null.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_examine_stack.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_exponential_biased.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_failure_signal_handler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_config.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_marshalling.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_parse.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_private_handle_accessor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_program_name.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_reflection.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_graphcycles_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hashtablez_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_int128.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_kernel_timeout_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_leak_check.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_entry.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_initialize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_check_op.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_conditions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_format.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_log_sink_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_message.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_nullguard.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_proto.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_severity.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_sink.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_low_level_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_malloc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_periodic_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_distributions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_distribution_test_util.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_platform.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_pool_urbg.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_slow.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_seed_material.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_gen_exception.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_sequences.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_hash_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_logging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_scoped_set_env.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_spinlock_wait.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_stacktrace.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_status.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_statusor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_str_format_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strerror.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_string_view.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_symbolize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_synchronization.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_throw_delegate.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time_zone.a  external.protobuf/lib/libutf8_validity.a  -Xlinker --end-group && :
/usr/bin/ld: src/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_test: hidden symbol `_ZN6google8protobuf8internal8TcParser8FastMtS2EPNS0_11MessageLiteEPKcPNS1_12ParseContextENS1_11TcFieldDataEPKNS1_16TcParseTableBaseEm' in external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a(generated_message_tctable_lite.cc.o) is referenced by DSO
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
[56/75] Linking CXX executable examples/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_bin_example
FAILED: examples/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_bin_example 
: && /usr/bin/clang++-14 -fno-exceptions -Werror -Wall -Wstring-conversion -g -fsanitize=fuzzer examples/libfuzzer/CMakeFiles/libfuzzer_bin_example.dir/libfuzzer_bin_example.cc.o -o examples/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_bin_example  -Wl,-rpath,/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/examples/libfuzzer:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/src/libfuzzer:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build/src  examples/libfuzzer/libfuzzer-example-proto.so  src/libfuzzer/libprotobuf-mutator-libfuzzer.so.0  src/libprotobuf-mutator.so.0  -Xlinker --start-group  external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_any_cast_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_optional_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_bad_variant_access.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_base.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_city.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_civil_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cord_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_functions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_handle.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_info.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_cordz_sample_token.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cord_state.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_cpu_detect.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_crc32c.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_debugging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_demangle_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_die_if_null.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_examine_stack.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_exponential_biased.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_failure_signal_handler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_commandlineflag_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_config.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_marshalling.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_parse.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_private_handle_accessor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_program_name.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_reflection.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_flags_usage_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_graphcycles_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_hashtablez_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_int128.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_kernel_timeout_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_leak_check.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_entry.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_flags.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_initialize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_check_op.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_conditions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_format.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_globals.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_log_sink_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_message.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_nullguard.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_internal_proto.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_severity.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_log_sink.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_low_level_hash.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_malloc_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_periodic_sampler.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_distributions.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_distribution_test_util.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_platform.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_pool_urbg.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_hwaes_impl.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_randen_slow.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_internal_seed_material.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_gen_exception.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_random_seed_sequences.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_hash_set.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_raw_logging_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_scoped_set_env.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_spinlock_wait.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_stacktrace.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_status.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_statusor.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_str_format_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strerror.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_string_view.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_strings_internal.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_symbolize.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_synchronization.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_throw_delegate.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time.a  external.protobuf/lib/libabsl_time_zone.a  external.protobuf/lib/libutf8_validity.a  -Xlinker --end-group && :
/usr/bin/ld: examples/libfuzzer/libfuzzer_bin_example: hidden symbol `_ZTVN6google8protobuf11MessageLiteE' in external.protobuf/lib/libprotobufd.a(message_lite.cc.o) is referenced by DSO
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
[57/75] Building CXX object examples/expat/CMakeFiles/expat_example.dir/expat_example.cc.o^C
ninja: build stopped: interrupted by user.
root@truth:/code/libprotobuf-mutator-af3bb18/build#

by the way, when i use this command to cmake, it's ok:

cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-14 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-14 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DLIB_PROTO_MUTATOR_DOWNLOAD_PROTOBUF=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fPIC" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fPIC"

I guess there's error while using option -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
is this will be problem in learnings?

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