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由于在Javascript语言中,只有函数内部的子函数才能读取局部变量,因此可以把闭包简单理解成"定义在一个函数内部的函数"。
所以,在本质上,闭包就是将函数内部和函数外部连接起来的一座桥梁。
function f1(){
var n=999;
function f2(){
alert(n);
}
return f2;
}
var result=f1();
result(); // 999
function f1(){
var n=999;
nAdd=function(){n+=1}
function f2(){
alert(n);
}
return f2;
}
var result=f1();
result(); // 999
nAdd();
result(); // 1000
在这段代码中,result实际上就是闭包f2函数。它一共运行了两次,第一次的值是999,第二次的值是1000。这证明了,函数f1中的局部变量n一直保存在内存中,并没有在f1调用后被自动清除。
为什么会这样呢?原因就在于f1是f2的父函数,而f2被赋给了一个全局变量,这导致f2始终在内存中,而f2的存在依赖于f1,因此f1也始终在内存中,不会在调用结束后,被垃圾回收机制(garbage collection)回收。
这段代码中另一个值得注意的地方,就是"nAdd=function(){n+=1}"这一行,首先在nAdd前面没有使用var关键字,因此nAdd是一个全局变量,而不是局部变量。其次,nAdd的值是一个匿名函数(anonymous function),而这个匿名函数本身也是一个闭包,所以nAdd相当于是一个setter,可以在函数外部对函数内部的局部变量进行操作。
2)闭包会在父函数外部,改变父函数内部变量的值。所以,如果你把父函数当作对象(object)使用,把闭包当作它的公用方法(Public Method),把内部变量当作它的私有属性(private value),这时一定要小心,不要随便改变父函数内部变量的值。
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