Hi, we recently encountered a bug in the notification inbox of our Android app. The inbox fetcher always returns an exception with the following information when, for example, fetchNewNotifications is called:

The server was unable to complete your request in time. Please try again later.

We also see an exception in the Batch internal log:

InboxFetchWebserviceClient - Failed to parse notification content, skipping.
com.batch.android.q.k: Missing key or invalid value type in response JSON.

Caused by: com.batch.android.json.JSONException: Value {"t":"c","l":"","i":","od":{"n":"","ct": "","ak":"","di":""},"r":{"m":1,"dmi":60,"dma":3600}} at com.batch of type java.lang.String cannot be converted to JSONObject

We tested with different versions like 1.19.x or 1.20.x and saw the same exception.

Do you have any idea how to fix this bug? Thanks in advance.

The batch sdk integrated part of our application .
version : 'com.batch.android:batch-sdk:1.17.2'.
In the pen test it is observed that the app is storing sensitive information like device ids.

Applications should not leak information sensitive information in the form of clear text.

Kindly check below screenshot for the proof of concept.

Describe the bug
For EPC-M application in the pen testing we identified this vulnerability that Insecure random number generators are used in Batch module.

EPC-M is using (com.batch.android:batch-sdk:1.17.2)

The module should not use insecure code.

Hey,

Have a problem when I tap on a push notification, could not recognize my MainActivity to start through the Intent.

I have registered some schemes in my MainActivity but anything could match with a deeplink which is sending from Batch...

I'm pretty sure that I passed correctly all the steps for Android integration from the doc...

Could you have some idea, what is a problem. Thanks!

Hello,

Below you'll find a bug I'm facing when using your SDK.
Specs

• OS: MacOS 10.14.4 (18E226)
• Android Studio: Android Studio 3.5 Beta 1 (Build #AI-191.6707.61.35.5529924, built on May 3, 2019)
• JVM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o
• JRE: 1.8.0_202-release-1483-b01 x86_64
• Gradle: Gradle 5.1.1 (Using the project wrapper)
• Batch: v.1.14.0 (com.batch.android:batch-sdk:1.14.0)
• FirebasePerf: v.17.0.0 (com.google.firebase:firebase-perf:17.0.0).

The little have seen about the error message (in bold in the log below) is about, precisely, FirebasePerf on MacOS (here, here and here) and apparently what seems to be a case-sensitivity problem on MacOS.
I've tried to add the following in app/proguard-rules.pro:

-keeppackagenames
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
-keep class com.batch.** { *; }
-dontwarn com.batch.**

without success.

registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
registerResGeneratingTask is deprecated, use registerGeneratedResFolders(FileCollection)
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveBuilderException: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveBuilderException: Failed to process app/build/intermediates/transforms/FirebasePerformancePlugin/ _package_ /debug/63
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.getThrowableException(ForkJoinTask.java:593)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.reportException(ForkJoinTask.java:677)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.join(ForkJoinTask.java:720)
        at com.android.ide.common.internal.WaitableExecutor.waitForTasksWithQuickFail(WaitableExecutor.java:149)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexArchiveBuilderTransform.transform(DexArchiveBuilderTransform.java:420)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:239)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:235)
        at com.android.builder.profile.ThreadRecorder.record(ThreadRecorder.java:102)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask.transform(TransformTask.java:230)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:73)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.IncrementalTaskAction.doExecute(IncrementalTaskAction.java:47)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:41)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:28)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$2.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:284)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:301)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:293)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:175)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:91)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.run(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:31)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:273)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:258)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.access$200(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:67)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$TaskExecution.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:145)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:49)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CancelExecutionStep.execute(CancelExecutionStep.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.TimeoutStep.executeWithoutTimeout(TimeoutStep.java:69)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.TimeoutStep.execute(TimeoutStep.java:49)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CatchExceptionStep.execute(CatchExceptionStep.java:33)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CreateOutputsStep.execute(CreateOutputsStep.java:50)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SnapshotOutputStep.execute(SnapshotOutputStep.java:43)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SnapshotOutputStep.execute(SnapshotOutputStep.java:29)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.executeWithoutCache(CacheStep.java:134)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.lambda$execute$3(CacheStep.java:83)
        at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:82)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.PrepareCachingStep.execute(PrepareCachingStep.java:33)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:38)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:23)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.executeBecause(SkipUpToDateStep.java:96)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.lambda$execute$0(SkipUpToDateStep.java:89)
        at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:52)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.DefaultWorkExecutor.execute(DefaultWorkExecutor.java:34)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:91)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.java:91)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveBuildCacheKeyExecuter.execute(ResolveBuildCacheKeyExecuter.java:79)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:57)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:119)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolvePreviousStateExecuter.execute(ResolvePreviousStateExecuter.java:43)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:93)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.execute(FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.java:45)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.java:94)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:56)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:55)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:36)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:67)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:315)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:305)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:175)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:101)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:43)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:355)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:343)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:336)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:322)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:134)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:202)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:193)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveBuilderException: Failed to process app/build/intermediates/transforms/FirebasePerformancePlugin/ _package_ /debug/63
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexArchiveBuilderTransform.launchProcessing(DexArchiveBuilderTransform.java:909)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexArchiveBuilderTransform.lambda$convertToDexArchive$6(DexArchiveBuilderTransform.java:834)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedCallable.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1424)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
        at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
Caused by: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveBuilderException: Error while dexing.
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveBuilder.getExceptionToRethrow(D8DexArchiveBuilder.java:124)
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveBuilder.convert(D8DexArchiveBuilder.java:101)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexArchiveBuilderTransform.launchProcessing(DexArchiveBuilderTransform.java:904)
        ... 6 more
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.CompilationFailedException: Compilation failed to complete
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withCompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:81)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withD8CompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:45)
        at com.android.tools.r8.D8.run(D8.java:94)
        at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveBuilder.convert(D8DexArchiveBuilder.java:99)
        ... 7 more
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.utils.AbortException: Error: Class content provided for type descriptor com.batch.android.D actually defines class com.batch.android.d
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.failIfPendingErrors(Reporter.java:101)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.fatalError(Reporter.java:72)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withCompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:66)
        ... 10 more

I have clean my project & invalid Android Studio cache before building, but still, problem persists.

I'm building with the following command:
./gradlew --daemon --parallel app:clean app:cleanBuildCache app:assemble _package_ Debug

Is it a problem on my end ? Or maybe FirebasePerf plugin is interfering with your SDK on Mac ?
Thanks,

Hello Batch Team,
We have noticed a new crash recently with 1.15.1 :

Fatal Exception: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Fragment d{5336dd6 (b5e8eb3b-2162-40e8-a779-923fc13f86e7)} not associated with a fragment manager.
       at androidx.fragment.app.Fragment.requireFragmentManager(Fragment.java:910)
       at androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment.dismissInternal(DialogFragment.java:245)
       at androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment.dismissAllowingStateLoss(DialogFragment.java:212)
       at com.batch.android.messaging.b.d.dismissAllowingStateLoss(d.java:131)
       at com.batch.android.messaging.b.d.e(d.java:197)
       at com.batch.android.messaging.view.a.c.i(c.java:177)
       at com.batch.android.messaging.view.a.c.lambda$4Oavn_OFBzq9o9t-4xOYqFMszaM(c.java)
       at com.batch.android.messaging.view.a.-$$Lambda$c$C2t6BYYO-NGdVzjayFRpFqBZAGE.run(-.java:2)
       at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873)
       at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
       at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:201)
       at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6810)
       at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java)
       at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:547)
       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:873)

Weak Ciphers used as part of Batch module. We are using Batch module version 'com.batch.android:batch-sdk:1.17.2'

An attacker with right resources will be able to exploit the known vulnerabilities and decrypt the data

This might be related to #5

Fatal Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void com.batch.android.q.a()' on a null object reference
       at com.batch.android.messaging.b.b.onCancel(b.java:108)
       at android.app.Dialog$ListenersHandler.handleMessage(Dialog.java:1600)
       at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
       at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
       at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7078)
       at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java)
       at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:964)

In the latest pentest this vulnerability is detected for Android.
A malicious user might be able to run the Javascript on the Webview and perform XSS attack to get access to sensitive tokens

we are using batch version com.batch.android:batch-sdk:1.17.2

When using Batch sdk (1.10.0) with Android API 26 I get the following error:

java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start receiver com.batch.android.BatchPushReceiver: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent

Perhaps you need to change the Intent to JobServiceIntent, since Android 8 has some background limitations.

Hi Batch team,
We have been facing this issue for quite a long time now.
It happens only on android 7 (but we have a similar issue on android 4)

Here is the crashlog :

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: Bad notification posted from package com.xxx.xxx: Couldn't expand RemoteViews for: StatusBarNotification(pkg=com.xxx.xxx user=UserHandle{0} id=123456789 tag=batch key=0|com.xxx.xxx|123456789 |batch|12345: Notification(pri=0 contentView=null vibrate=default sound=default tick defaults=0xffffffff flags=0x19 color=0x00000000 vis=PUBLIC semFlags=0x0 semPriority=0))
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage + 1810(ActivityThread.java:1810)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage + 102(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop + 154(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main + 6780(ActivityThread.java:6780)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run + 1500(ZygoteInit.java:1500)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main + 1390(ZygoteInit.java:1390)

This crash still occurs with the last sdk version (1.14.4).

All I could find online was the same issue reported on the OneSignal issue tracker. OneSignal/OneSignal-Android-SDK#263 (comment)
Apparently it seems they fixed it on 3.9.1.

This issue is currently our first crash source, so I hope it can be fixed.

Wishing you a happy holliday season,

Hello Team,

While doing a POC for one of our project in which we want to include Batch, I am not able to test the push notifications, it shows that "No push token found for this install." with Try Again button.

I can see the following error inside my logs, maybe due to below log, its not showing any push token.

Pc: I am getting the Push Token from Firebase and I can log it in my logcat.

Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<com.batch.android.BatchPushInstanceIDService>: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lcom/google/android/gms/iid/InstanceIDListenerService;
at com.batch.android.PushRegistrationProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.r() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.AdsIdentifierProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.k() (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.a.b() (SourceFile:2)
at void com.batch.android.a.() (SourceFile:9)
at com.batch.android.a com.batch.android.j0.b.b.a() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.a(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:562)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.lambda$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:-1)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.-$$Lambda$Batch$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8.a(com.batch.android.t0.e) (lambda:-1)
at boolean com.batch.android.t0.c.a(com.batch.android.t0.a) (SourceFile:3)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.a(android.content.Context, boolean, boolean) (SourceFile:39)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.onStart(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.BatchActivityLifecycleHelper.onActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void android.app.Application.dispatchActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (Application.java:242)
at void android.app.Activity.onStart() (Activity.java:1353)
at void androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.onStart() (FragmentActivity.java:536)
at void androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onStart() (AppCompatActivity.java:210)
at void android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(android.app.Activity) (Instrumentation.java:1419)
at void android.app.Activity.performStart(java.lang.String) (Activity.java:7479)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.handleStartActivity(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.app.servertransaction.PendingTransactionActions) (ActivityThread.java:3454)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.performLifecycleSequence(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.util.IntArray) (TransactionExecutor.java:180)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.cycleToPath(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, int, boolean) (TransactionExecutor.java:165)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeLifecycleState(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:142)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:70)
at void android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(android.os.Message) (ActivityThread.java:2199)
at void android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(android.os.Message) (Handler.java:112)
at void android.os.Looper.loop() (Looper.java:216)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.main(java.lang.String[]) (ActivityThread.java:7625)
at java.lang.Object java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object[]) (Method.java:-2)
at void com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() (RuntimeInit.java:524)
at void com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(java.lang.String[]) (ZygoteInit.java:987)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.google.android.gms.iid.InstanceIDListenerService" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.dtse.fcmsample-THhUUF0w9UhBwQpjv-eVHw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.dtse.fcmsample-THhUUF0w9UhBwQpjv-eVHw==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /product/lib64]]
at java.lang.Class dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(java.lang.String) (BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
at java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean) (ClassLoader.java:379)
at java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String) (ClassLoader.java:312)
at com.batch.android.PushRegistrationProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.r() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.AdsIdentifierProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.k() (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.a.b() (SourceFile:2)
at void com.batch.android.a.() (SourceFile:9)
at com.batch.android.a com.batch.android.j0.b.b.a() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.a(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:562)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.lambda$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:-1)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.-$$Lambda$Batch$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8.a(com.batch.android.t0.e) (lambda:-1)
at boolean com.batch.android.t0.c.a(com.batch.android.t0.a) (SourceFile:3)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.a(android.content.Context, boolean, boolean) (SourceFile:39)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.onStart(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.BatchActivityLifecycleHelper.onActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void android.app.Application.dispatchActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (Application.java:242)
at void android.app.Activity.onStart() (Activity.java:1353)
at void androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.onStart() (FragmentActivity.java:536)
at void androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onStart() (AppCompatActivity.java:210)
at void android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(android.app.Activity) (Instrumentation.java:1419)
at void android.app.Activity.performStart(java.lang.String) (Activity.java:7479)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.handleStartActivity(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.app.servertransaction.PendingTransactionActions) (ActivityThread.java:3454)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.performLifecycleSequence(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.util.IntArray) (TransactionExecutor.java:180)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.cycleToPath(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, int, boolean) (TransactionExecutor.java:165)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeLifecycleState(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:142)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:70)
at void android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(android.os.Message) (ActivityThread.java:2199)
at void android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(android.os.Message) (Handler.java:112)
at void android.os.Looper.loop() (Looper.java:216)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.main(java.lang.String[]) (ActivityThread.java:7625)
at java.lang.Object java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object[]) (Method.java:-2)
at void com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() (RuntimeInit.java:524)
at void com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(java.lang.String[]) (ZygoteInit.java:987)
Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<com.batch.android.BatchPushInstanceIDService>: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lcom/google/android/gms/iid/InstanceIDListenerService;
at com.batch.android.PushRegistrationProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.r() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.AdsIdentifierProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.k() (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.a.b() (SourceFile:2)
at void com.batch.android.a.() (SourceFile:9)
at com.batch.android.a com.batch.android.j0.b.b.a() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.a(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:562)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.lambda$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:-1)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.-$$Lambda$Batch$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8.a(com.batch.android.t0.e) (lambda:-1)
at boolean com.batch.android.t0.c.a(com.batch.android.t0.a) (SourceFile:3)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.a(android.content.Context, boolean, boolean) (SourceFile:39)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.onStart(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.BatchActivityLifecycleHelper.onActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void android.app.Application.dispatchActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (Application.java:242)
at void android.app.Activity.onStart() (Activity.java:1353)
at void androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.onStart() (FragmentActivity.java:536)
at void androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onStart() (AppCompatActivity.java:210)
at void android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(android.app.Activity) (Instrumentation.java:1419)
at void android.app.Activity.performStart(java.lang.String) (Activity.java:7479)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.handleStartActivity(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.app.servertransaction.PendingTransactionActions) (ActivityThread.java:3454)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.performLifecycleSequence(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.util.IntArray) (TransactionExecutor.java:180)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.cycleToPath(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, int, boolean) (TransactionExecutor.java:165)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeLifecycleState(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:142)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:70)
at void android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(android.os.Message) (ActivityThread.java:2199)
at void android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(android.os.Message) (Handler.java:112)
at void android.os.Looper.loop() (Looper.java:216)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.main(java.lang.String[]) (ActivityThread.java:7625)
at java.lang.Object java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object[]) (Method.java:-2)
at void com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() (RuntimeInit.java:524)
at void com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(java.lang.String[]) (ZygoteInit.java:987)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.google.android.gms.iid.InstanceIDListenerService" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.dtse.fcmsample-THhUUF0w9UhBwQpjv-eVHw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.dtse.fcmsample-THhUUF0w9UhBwQpjv-eVHw==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /product/lib64]]
at java.lang.Class dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(java.lang.String) (BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
at java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean) (ClassLoader.java:379)
at java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String) (ClassLoader.java:312)
at com.batch.android.PushRegistrationProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.r() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.AdsIdentifierProvider com.batch.android.p0.i.k() (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.a.b() (SourceFile:2)
at void com.batch.android.a.() (SourceFile:9)
at com.batch.android.a com.batch.android.j0.b.b.a() (SourceFile:5)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.a(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:562)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.Batch.lambda$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8(com.batch.android.t0.c, boolean, android.content.Context, boolean, java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean, java.lang.StringBuilder, com.batch.android.t0.e) (SourceFile:-1)
at com.batch.android.t0.e com.batch.android.-$$Lambda$Batch$K8i-pU9LCfFw1en0Tun6xT9AXH8.a(com.batch.android.t0.e) (lambda:-1)
at boolean com.batch.android.t0.c.a(com.batch.android.t0.a) (SourceFile:3)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.a(android.content.Context, boolean, boolean) (SourceFile:39)
at void com.batch.android.Batch.onStart(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void com.batch.android.BatchActivityLifecycleHelper.onActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (SourceFile:1)
at void android.app.Application.dispatchActivityStarted(android.app.Activity) (Application.java:242)
at void android.app.Activity.onStart() (Activity.java:1353)
at void androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.onStart() (FragmentActivity.java:536)
at void androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onStart() (AppCompatActivity.java:210)
at void android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(android.app.Activity) (Instrumentation.java:1419)
at void android.app.Activity.performStart(java.lang.String) (Activity.java:7479)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.handleStartActivity(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.app.servertransaction.PendingTransactionActions) (ActivityThread.java:3454)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.performLifecycleSequence(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, android.util.IntArray) (TransactionExecutor.java:180)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.cycleToPath(android.app.ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord, int, boolean) (TransactionExecutor.java:165)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeLifecycleState(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:142)
at void android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(android.app.servertransaction.ClientTransaction) (TransactionExecutor.java:70)
at void android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(android.os.Message) (ActivityThread.java:2199)
at void android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(android.os.Message) (Handler.java:112)
at void android.os.Looper.loop() (Looper.java:216)
at void android.app.ActivityThread.main(java.lang.String[]) (ActivityThread.java:7625)
at java.lang.Object java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object[]) (Method.java:-2)
at void com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() (RuntimeInit.java:524)
at void com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(java.lang.String[]) (ZygoteInit.java:987)

Hy i'm reporting an issue found from logging my Android app, it seems like there is a database leak:

01-17 00:08:58.880 D/Batch (25367): Batch.Push: Registration id: cMCRw8f1RDA:APA91bESs-ZveXFDW3QvxHS3kGd303m5wntRuGJOf4a_IHcL2eXUE9YcIG28sUltCVO-W2nWhwpj46l7nPoNVaNZFJDzBc9vY343LZEc2JrW3T-uN2YnOFDuXtgKYNrppwIPeQSeprOH
01-17 00:08:59.729 W/SQLiteConnectionPool(25367): A SQLiteConnection object for database '/data/user/0/com.thirdframestudios.android.expensoor/databases/ba_tr.db' was leaked! Please fix your application to end transactions in progress properly and to close the database when it is no longer needed.

01-17 00:01:34.867 W/SQLiteConnectionPool(25367): A SQLiteConnection object for database '/data/user/0/com.thirdframestudios.android.expensoor/databases/ba_tr.db' was leaked! Please fix your application to end transactions in progress properly and to close the database when it is no longer needed.

how can solve this error

CommandInvokationFailure: Gradle build failed. 
C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_211\bin\java.exe -classpath "C:\Program Files\Unity2017.4.25f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\Tools\gradle\lib\gradle-launcher-4.6.jar" org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain "-Dorg.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096m" "assembleRelease"

stderr[

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':processReleaseResources'.
> Android resource linking failed
  Output:  E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\merged_manifests\release\processReleaseManifest\merged\AndroidManifest.xml:133: error: resource style/com.batch.android.AdActivityTheme (aka ir.balootgames.taxi:style/com.batch.android.AdActivityTheme) not found.
  error: failed processing manifest.
  
  Command: C:\Users\Saeed Aliakbari\.gradle\caches\transforms-1\files-1.1\aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows.jar\86447f6eaa0529806ab8da21038c6fa3\aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows\aapt2.exe link -I\
          E:\Unity Program\AndroidComponents\sdk6x\platforms\android-28\android.jar\
          --manifest\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\merged_manifests\release\processReleaseManifest\merged\AndroidManifest.xml\
          -o\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\processed_res\release\processReleaseResources\out\resources-release.ap_\
          -R\
          @E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\incremental\processReleaseResources\resources-list-for-resources-release.ap_.txt\
          --auto-add-overlay\
          --java\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\generated\not_namespaced_r_class_sources\release\processReleaseResources\r\
          --custom-package\
          ir.balootgames.taxi\
          -0\
          apk\
          -0\
          .unity3d\
          -0\
          .ress\
          -0\
          .resource\
          -0\
          .obb\
          --output-text-symbols\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\symbols\release\R.txt\
          --no-version-vectors
  Daemon:  AAPT2 aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows Daemon #0
  Output:  E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\merged_manifests\release\processReleaseManifest\merged\AndroidManifest.xml:133: AAPT: error: resource style/com.batch.android.AdActivityTheme (aka ir.balootgames.taxi:style/com.batch.android.AdActivityTheme) not found.
      
  error: failed processing manifest.
  Command: C:\Users\Saeed Aliakbari\.gradle\caches\transforms-1\files-1.1\aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows.jar\86447f6eaa0529806ab8da21038c6fa3\aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows\aapt2.exe link -I\
          E:\Unity Program\AndroidComponents\sdk6x\platforms\android-28\android.jar\
          --manifest\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\merged_manifests\release\processReleaseManifest\merged\AndroidManifest.xml\
          -o\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\processed_res\release\processReleaseResources\out\resources-release.ap_\
          -R\
          @E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\incremental\processReleaseResources\resources-list-for-resources-release.ap_.txt\
          --auto-add-overlay\
          --java\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\generated\not_namespaced_r_class_sources\release\processReleaseResources\r\
          --custom-package\
          ir.balootgames.taxi\
          -0\
          apk\
          -0\
          .unity3d\
          -0\
          .ress\
          -0\
          .resource\
          -0\
          .obb\
          --output-text-symbols\
          E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\build\intermediates\symbols\release\R.txt\
          --no-version-vectors
  Daemon:  AAPT2 aapt2-3.2.0-4818971-windows Daemon #0

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 9s
]
stdout[
WARNING: Configuration 'compile' is obsolete and has been replaced with 'implementation' and 'api'.
It will be removed at the end of 2018. For more information see: http://d.android.com/r/tools/update-dependency-configurations.html
WARNING: The specified Android SDK Build Tools version (22.0.1) is ignored, as it is below the minimum supported version (28.0.2) for Android Gradle Plugin 3.2.0.
Android SDK Build Tools 28.0.2 will be used.
To suppress this warning, remove "buildToolsVersion '22.0.1'" from your build.gradle file, as each version of the Android Gradle Plugin now has a default version of the build tools.
:checkReleaseClasspath UP-TO-DATE
:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
:compileReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
:compileReleaseRenderscript UP-TO-DATE
:checkReleaseManifest UP-TO-DATE
:generateReleaseBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
:prepareLintJar UP-TO-DATE
:mainApkListPersistenceRelease UP-TO-DATE
:generateReleaseResValues UP-TO-DATE
:generateReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
:mergeReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
:createReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests UP-TO-DATE
:processReleaseManifest
E:\TaxiKhati\Temp\gradleOut\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml:18:3-73:17 Warning:
	application@android:allowBackup was tagged at AndroidManifest.xml:18 to replace other declarations but no other declaration present
:splitsDiscoveryTaskRelease UP-TO-DATE
:processReleaseResources FAILED
13 actionable tasks: 2 executed, 11 up-to-date
]
exit code: 1
UnityEditor.Android.Command.WaitForProgramToRun (UnityEditor.Utils.Program p, UnityEditor.Android.WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo psi, UnityEditor.Android.WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg)
UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools.RunJava (System.String args, System.String workingdir, System.Action`1 progress, System.String error)
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1 progress)
Rethrow as GradleInvokationException: Gradle build failed
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1 progress)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.Tasks.BuildGradleProject.Execute (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessRunner.RunAllTasks (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context)
UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent(Int32, IntPtr)