Git_and_Github_tutorial

What is version control system..?

Version control system records changes to the file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific version later

What is git..?

The world's most popular version control system OR free and open source distributed version control system

What is head..?

pointer that refers to the current loactions on your repository

Advantages

Track changes across multiple files
Compare versions of projects
Time travel back to older versions
revert to previous versions
Collaborate and share changes
Combine changes

What is Github..?

Github is the service provider that hosts git repositories in the cloud

Note

Two ways we can interact with git termianal and GUI

How to configure username and email

git config --global user.name "VedantC"

git config user.name

git config --global user.email [email protected]

git config user.email

Basic terminal commands

ls : see the directory
cd <dir-name> : move into the directory
start. : opens windows popup in windows only
ls <folder-name>/ : see folder from the folder
cls or clear : Clear the terminal
pwd : to see current directory
cd.. : Move out from the directory
mkdir <dir-name> : Create directory
rm <file-name> : remove file
rm -rf <dir-name> : remove directory

Git repository

Create git repository into workspace directory by running :-> git init command
You can clone existing git repository from elsewhere : `git clone

Git commands on tracking files

git status: Is used to see the status of files (untracked and tracked)in working and staging area
git add <file-name>: add files to track(tracked and staged)
git add -Aorgit add *: add all new and changed files to the staging area
git restore --staged<file-name>OR git reset HEAD <file-name>'untracked tracked files or un-staged
git checkout <file-name>:To discard changes in working directory
git commit "message to commit":commit the staged file
git commit –a –m “message” : commit directly tracked files avoiding staging
git diff : to see what you have changed in file (working directory not staged)
git rm Readme.md: Remove file from staging area
git mv rename_from rename_to: renaming file

Git commands on commit:

git log: too see a history of commit
git log –oneline: to see history of commit in one line.
log –stat: to see difference between file in each commit.
show <commit-hash> :it will show metadata and content changes

Git command Undoing

git commit –amend: redo the first commit
reset HEAD <file-name>: it will reset file from staging area to working directory(file in staged area)
git reset –hard: branch head will move to the commit
git restore –staged <file-name>: it will restore file from staging area to working directory
git restore <file-name>: discard changes in working directory
git rebase –i <commit-hash>^: it will drop particular commit and changes

git remote repository

git remote –v: to see remote repository URL
git fetch <branch-name> Or git pull <branch-name>: It will fetch the changes from remote repository.
git remote rename <from> <to>: it will rename remote repository
git remote rm or remove <branch-name>: remove repository.
git push <branch-name>: push the changes into GitHub repository.
git switch - : switch to previous repository
git branch <branch-name>: it will create new branch from existing.
git switch –c <branch-name>: it will create branch if not exist and switched to it.
git branch –move <existing-branch-name> <new-branch-name>: used to rename the existing branch.

Git Tagging

git tag : it will list the existing tag
git tag –l “tag-name>”: it will show the particular tag we have mentioned.
git tag –a “tag-name” –m “commit-message”: create annotated tag(all the information regarding tag )
git tag <tag-name>: Create lightweight tags(it will not store all the information)
git push origin <tag-name>: push the tag into branch
git tag –d <tag-name>: delete the tag.

Git diff

git diff: will show the files which are still not at staged
git diff –staged: it will show the difference between files in the staging and latest version
git diff <first-branch> <second-branch>: it will show the difference between the two branches

git merge and rebase

git merge <branch-name>: it will merge all the changes into feature branch
git rebase <branch-name> : It will add the changes into next head

git stash

git stash: it will keep the changes into feature branch without committing while switching to new feature branch
git stash pop: it will delete the stash
git stash apply: apply stash changes into the current branch
git stash list: get list of all stashes
git stash apply stash@{2}: It will apply particular list stash changes
git stash drop stash@{2}: It will remove stash changes
git stash clear: It will clear all stash list

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