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Aircrack-ng

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Repository versions

Arch Linux package Debian package Debian package Docker Image Version (latest by date) Fedora package homebrew version Ubuntu package Ubuntu package Ubuntu package Ubuntu package Ubuntu package Ubuntu package Ubuntu package

Description

Aircrack-ng is a complete suite of tools to assess WiFi network security.

It focuses on different areas of WiFi security:

  • Monitoring: Packet capture and export of data to text files for further processing by third party tools.
  • Attacking: Replay attacks, deauthentication, fake access points and others via packet injection.
  • Testing: Checking WiFi cards and driver capabilities (capture and injection).
  • Cracking: WEP and WPA PSK (WPA 1 and 2).

All tools are command line which allows for heavy scripting. A lot of GUIs have taken advantage of this feature. It works primarily on Linux but also Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, as well as Solaris and even eComStation 2.

Building

Requirements

  • Autoconf
  • Automake
  • Libtool
  • shtool
  • OpenSSL development package or libgcrypt development package.
  • Airmon-ng (Linux) requires ethtool, usbutils, and often pciutils.
  • On Windows, cygwin has to be used and it also requires w32api package.
  • On Windows, if using clang, libiconv and libiconv-devel
  • Linux: LibNetlink 1 or 3. It can be disabled by passing --disable-libnl to configure.
  • pkg-config (pkgconf on FreeBSD, DragonFlyBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD)
  • FreeBSD, DragonFlyBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Solaris and OS X with Macports: gmake
  • Linux/Cygwin: make and Standard C++ Library development package (Debian: libstdc++-dev)

Note: Airmon-ng only requires pciutils if the system has a PCI/PCIe bus and it is populated. Such bus can be present even if not physically visible. For example, it is present, and populated on the Raspberry Pi 4, therefore pciutils is required on that device.

Optional stuff

  • If you want SSID filtering with regular expression in airodump-ng (--essid-regex) PCRE or PCRE2 development package is required.
  • If you want to use airolib-ng and '-r' option in aircrack-ng, SQLite development package >= 3.3.17 (3.6.X version or better is recommended)
  • If you want to use Airpcap, the 'developer' directory from the CD/ISO/SDK is required.
  • In order to build besside-ng, besside-ng-crawler, easside-ng, tkiptun-ng and wesside-ng, libpcap development package is required (on Cygwin, use the Airpcap SDK instead; see above)
  • rfkill
  • If you want Airodump-ng to log GPS coordinates, gpsd is needed
  • For best performance on SMP machines, ensure the hwloc library and headers are installed. It is strongly recommended on high core count systems, it may give a serious speed boost
  • CMocka and expect for testing
  • For integration testing on Linux only: tcpdump, HostAPd, WPA Supplicant and screen

Installing required and optional dependencies

Below are instructions for installing the basic requirements to build aircrack-ng for a number of operating systems.

Note: CMocka, tcpdump, screen, HostAPd and WPA Supplicant should not be dependencies when packaging Aircrack-ng.

Linux

Arch Linux

sudo pacman -Sy base-devel libnl openssl ethtool util-linux zlib libpcap sqlite pcre2 hwloc cmocka hostapd wpa_supplicant tcpdump screen iw usbutils pciutils expect

Debian/Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libtool pkg-config libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev libssl-dev ethtool shtool rfkill zlib1g-dev libpcap-dev libsqlite3-dev libpcre2-dev libhwloc-dev libcmocka-dev hostapd wpasupplicant tcpdump screen iw usbutils expect

Fedora

sudo yum install libtool pkgconfig sqlite-devel autoconf automake openssl-devel libpcap-devel pcre2-devel rfkill libnl3-devel gcc gcc-c++ ethtool hwloc-devel libcmocka-devel make file expect hostapd wpa_supplicant iw usbutils tcpdump screen zlib-devel expect

CentOS/RHEL 7

sudo yum install epel-release
sudo ./centos_autotools.sh
# Remove older installation of automake/autoconf
sudo yum remove autoconf automake
sudo yum install sqlite-devel openssl-devel libpcap-devel pcre2-devel rfkill libnl3-devel ethtool hwloc-devel libcmocka-devel make file expect hostapd wpa_supplicant iw usbutils tcpdump screen zlib-devel

Note: autoconf, automake, libtool, and pkgconfig in the repositories are too old. The script centos_autotools.sh automatically installs dependencies to compile then install the tools.

CentOS/RHEL 8

sudo yum config-manager --set-enabled powertools
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install libtool pkgconfig sqlite-devel autoconf automake openssl-devel libpcap-devel pcre2-devel rfkill libnl3-devel gcc gcc-c++ ethtool hwloc-devel libcmocka-devel make file expect hostapd wpa_supplicant iw usbutils tcpdump screen zlib-devel

openSUSE

sudo zypper install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config libnl3-devel libopenssl-1_1-devel zlib-devel libpcap-devel sqlite3-devel pcre2-devel hwloc-devel libcmocka-devel hostapd wpa_supplicant tcpdump screen iw gcc-c++ gcc ethtool pciutils usbutils expect

Mageia

sudo urpmi autoconf automake libtool pkgconfig libnl3-devel libopenssl-devel zlib-devel libpcap-devel sqlite3-devel pcre2-devel hwloc-devel libcmocka-devel hostapd wpa_supplicant tcpdump screen iw gcc-c++ gcc make expect

Alpine

sudo apk add gcc g++ make autoconf automake libtool libnl3-dev openssl-dev ethtool libpcap-dev cmocka-dev hostapd wpa_supplicant tcpdump screen iw pkgconf util-linux sqlite-dev pcre2-dev linux-headers zlib-dev pciutils usbutils expect

Note: Community repository needs to be enabled for iw

Clear Linux

sudo swupd bundle-add c-basic devpkg-openssl devpkg-libgcrypt devpkg-libnl devpkg-hwloc devpkg-libpcap devpkg-pcre2 devpkg-sqlite-autoconf ethtool wget network-basic software-testing sysadmin-basic wpa_supplicant os-testsuite

Note: hostapd must be compiled manually, it is not present in the repository

BSD

FreeBSD

pkg install pkgconf shtool libtool gcc9 automake autoconf pcre2 sqlite3 openssl gmake hwloc cmocka

DragonflyBSD

pkg install pkgconf shtool libtool gcc8 automake autoconf pcre2 sqlite3 libgcrypt gmake cmocka

OpenBSD

pkg_add pkgconf shtool libtool gcc automake autoconf pcre2 sqlite3 openssl gmake cmocka

NetBSD

pkg_add pkgconf libtool gcc7 automake autoconf pcre2 sqlite3 openssl gmake cmocka

macOS

XCode, Xcode command line tools and HomeBrew are required.

brew install autoconf automake libtool openssl shtool pkg-config hwloc pcre2 sqlite3 libpcap cmocka

Windows

Cygwin

Cygwin requires the full path to the setup.exe utility, in order to automate the installation of the necessary packages. In addition, it requires the location of your installation, a path to the cached packages download location, and a mirror URL.

An example of automatically installing all the dependencies is as follows:

c:\cygwin\setup-x86.exe -qnNdO -R C:/cygwin -s http://cygwin.mirror.constant.com -l C:/cygwin/var/cache/setup -P autoconf -P automake -P bison -P gcc-core -P gcc-g++ -P mingw-runtime -P mingw-binutils -P mingw-gcc-core -P mingw-gcc-g++ -P mingw-pthreads -P mingw-w32api -P libtool -P make -P python -P gettext-devel -P gettext -P intltool -P libiconv -P pkg-config -P git -P wget -P curl -P libpcre2-devel -P libssl-devel -P libsqlite3-devel

MSYS2

pacman -Sy autoconf automake-wrapper libtool msys2-w32api-headers msys2-w32api-runtime gcc pkg-config git python openssl-devel openssl libopenssl msys2-runtime-devel gcc binutils make pcre2-devel libsqlite-devel

GNU/Hurd

Debian

apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libtool pkg-config libssl-dev shtool zlib1g-dev libpcap-dev libsqlite3-dev libpcre2-dev libhwloc-dev libcmocka-dev screen expect libbsd-dev

Docker containers

We have two repositories on DockerHub:

Base command for the git version:

sudo docker run --rm -it aircrackng/git

Available platforms/CPU architectures:

  • linux/386 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/amd64 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/arm/v5 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/arm/v6 (base image: alpine:3)
  • linux/arm/v7 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/arm64/v8 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/mips64le (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/ppc64le (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/riscv64 (base image: debian:unstable-slim)
  • linux/s390x (base image: debian:unstable-slim)

Compiling

To build aircrack-ng, the Autotools build system is utilized. Autotools replaces the older method of compilation.

NOTE: If utilizing a developer version, eg: one checked out from source control, you will need to run a pre-configure script. The script to use is one of the following: autoreconf -i or env NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh.

First, ./configure the project for building with the appropriate options specified for your environment:

./configure <options>

TIP: If the above fails, please see above about developer source control versions.

Next, compile the project (respecting if make or gmake is needed):

  • Compilation:

    make

  • Compilation on *BSD or Solaris:

    gmake

Finally, the additional targets listed below may be of use in your environment:

  • Execute all unit testing:

    make check

  • Execute all integration testing (requires root):

    make integration

  • Installing:

    make install

  • Uninstall:

    make uninstall

./configure flags

When configuring, the following flags can be used and combined to adjust the suite to your choosing:

  • with-airpcap=DIR: needed for supporting airpcap devices on Windows (Cygwin or MSYS2 only). Replace DIR above with the absolute location to the root of the extracted source code from the Airpcap CD or downloaded SDK available online. Required on Windows to build besside-ng, besside-ng-crawler, easside-ng, tkiptun-ng and wesside-ng when building experimental tools. The developer pack (Compatible with version 4.1.1 and 4.1.3) can be downloaded at https://support.riverbed.com/content/support/software/steelcentral-npm/airpcap.html

  • with-experimental: needed to compile tkiptun-ng, easside-ng, buddy-ng, buddy-ng-crawler, airventriloquist and wesside-ng. libpcap development package is also required to compile most of the tools. If not present, not all experimental tools will be built. On Cygwin, libpcap is not present and the Airpcap SDK replaces it. See --with-airpcap option above.

  • with-ext-scripts: needed to build airoscript-ng, versuck-ng, airgraph-ng and airdrop-ng. Note: Each script has its own dependencies.

  • with-gcrypt: Use libgcrypt crypto library instead of the default OpenSSL. And also use internal fast sha1 implementation (borrowed from GIT). Dependency (Debian): libgcrypt20-dev

  • with-duma: Compile with DUMA support. DUMA is a library to detect buffer overruns and underruns. Dependency (Debian): duma

  • disable-libnl: Set up the project to be compiled without libnl (1 or 3). Linux option only.

  • without-opt: Do not enable -O3 optimizations.

  • enable-shared: Make OSdep a shared library.

  • disable-shared: When combined with enable-static, it will statically compile Aircrack-ng.

  • with-avx512: On x86, add support for AVX512 instructions in aircrack-ng. Only use it when the current CPU supports AVX512.

  • with-static-simd=: Compile a single optimization in aircrack-ng binary. Useful when compiling statically and/or for space-constrained devices. Valid SIMD options: x86-sse2, x86-avx, x86-avx2, x86-avx512, ppc-altivec, ppc-power8, arm-neon, arm-asimd. Must be used with --enable-static --disable-shared. When using those 2 options, the default is to compile the generic optimization in the binary. --with-static-simd merely allows to choose another one.

  • enable-maintainer-mode: It is important to enable this flag when developing with Aircrack-ng. This flag enables additional compile warnings and safety features.

Examples:

  • Configure and compiling:

    ./configure --with-experimental
    make
    
  • Compiling with gcrypt:

    ./configure --with-gcrypt
    make
    
  • Installing:

    make install

  • Installing (strip binaries):

    make install-strip

  • Installing, with external scripts:

    ./configure --with-experimental --with-ext-scripts
    make
    make install
    
  • Testing (with sqlite, experimental and pcre2)

    ./configure --with-experimental
    make
    make check
    
  • Compiling on OS X with macports (and all options):

    ./configure --with-experimental
    gmake
    
  • Compiling on macOS running on M1/AARCH64 and Homebrew:

    autoreconf -vif
    env CPPFLAGS="-Wno-deprecated-declarations" ./configure --with-experimental
    make
    make check
    
  • Compiling on OS X 10.10 with XCode 7.1 and Homebrew:

    env CC=gcc-4.9 CXX=g++-4.9 ./configure
    make
    make check
    

    NOTE: Older XCode ships with a version of LLVM that does not support CPU feature detection; which causes the ./configure to fail. To work around this older LLVM, it is required that a different compile suite is used, such as GCC or a newer LLVM from Homebrew.

    If you wish to use OpenSSL from Homebrew, you may need to specify the location to its installation. To figure out where OpenSSL lives, run:

    brew --prefix openssl

    Use the output above as the DIR for --with-openssl=DIR in the ./configure line:

    env CC=gcc-4.9 CXX=g++-4.9 ./configure --with-openssl=DIR
    make
    make check
    
  • Compiling on FreeBSD with gcc9

    env CC=gcc9 CXX=g++9 MAKE=gmake ./configure
    gmake
    
  • Compiling on Cygwin with Airpcap (assuming Airpcap devpack is unpacked in Aircrack-ng directory)

    cp -vfp Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/airpcap.dll src
    cp -vfp Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/airpcap.dll src/aircrack-osdep
    cp -vfp Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/airpcap.dll src/aircrack-crypto
    cp -vfp Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/airpcap.dll src/aircrack-util
    dlltool -D Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/airpcap.dll -d build/airpcap.dll.def -l Airpcap_Devpack/bin/x86/libairpcap.dll.a
    autoreconf -i
    ./configure --with-experimental --with-airpcap=$(pwd)
    make
    
  • Compiling on DragonflyBSD with gcrypt using GCC 8

    autoreconf -i
    env CC=gcc8 CXX=g++8 MAKE=gmake ./configure --with-experimental --with-gcrypt
    gmake
    
  • Compiling on OpenBSD (with autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.16)

    export AUTOCONF_VERSION=2.69
    export AUTOMAKE_VERSION=1.16
    autoreconf -i
    env MAKE=gmake CC=cc CXX=c++ ./configure
    gmake
    
  • Compiling and debugging aircrack-ng

    export CFLAGS='-O0 -g'
    export CXXFLAGS='-O0 -g'
    ./configure --with-experimental --enable-maintainer-mode --without-opt
    make
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.libs gdb --args ./aircrack-ng [PARAMETERS]
    

IDE development

VS Code - devcontainers

A VS Code development environment is provided, as is, for rapid setup of a development environment. This additionally adds support for GitHub Codespaces.

Requirements

The first requirement is a working Docker Engine environment.

Next, an installation of VS Code with the following extension(s):

The "Remote - Containers" extension will refuse to work with OSS Code.

Usage

  1. Clone this repository to your working folder:
$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng.git
$ cd aircrack-ng
  1. After cloning this repository, open the folder inside VS Code.
$ code .

IMPORTANT: You should answer "Yes", if it asks if the folder should be opened inside a remote container. If it does not ask, then press Ctrl+Shift+P and type open in container. This should bring up the correct command, for which pressing enter will run said command.

  1. A number of warnings might appear about a missing compile_commands.json file. These are safe to ignore for a moment, as this file is automatically generated after the initial compilation.
  2. Now build the entire project by pressing Ctrl+R and selecting Build Full from the pop-up menu that appears.
  3. VS Code should detect the compile_commands.json file and ask if it should be used; selecting "Yes, always" will complete the initial setup of a fully working IDE.

IMPORTANT: If it doesn't detect the file, pressing Ctrl+Shift+P and typing reload window will bring up the selection to fully reload the environment.

  1. At this point, nearly all features of VS Code will function; from Intellisense, auto-completion, live documentation, to code formatting. Additionally, there are pre-configured tasks for builds and tests, as well as an example GDB/LLDB configuration for debugging aircrack-ng.

Packaging

Automatic detection of CPU optimization is done at run time. This behavior is desirable when packaging Aircrack-ng (for a Linux or other distribution.)

Also, in some cases it may be desired to provide your own flags completely and not having the suite auto-detect a number of optimizations. To do this, add the additional flag --without-opt to the ./configure line:

./configure --without-opt

Using pre-compiled binaries

Linux/BSD

Aircrack-ng is available in most distributions repositories. However, it is not always up-to-date.

Windows

  • Install the appropriate "monitor" driver for your card; standard drivers don't work for capturing data.
  • Aircrack-ng suite is command line tools. So, you have to open a command-line Start menu -> Run... -> cmd.exe then use them
  • Run the executables without any parameters to have help

Documentation

Some more information is present in the README file.

Documentation, tutorials, ... can be found on https://aircrack-ng.org

Support is available in the GitHub Discussions and on IRC (in #aircrack-ng on Libera Chat).

Every tool has its own manpage. For aircrack-ng, man aircrack-ng

Infrastructure sponsors

rtl8188eus's People

Contributors

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rtl8188eus's Issues

At first time installation the monitor mode work after i reboot the monitor mode doesnt work

and its get the output like this
kali@kali:~/rtl8188eus$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
kali@kali:~/rtl8188eus$ sudo iw dev wlan0 set type monitor
command failed: No such device (-19)

and then i try to find my driver
`
kali@kali:~/rtl8188eus$ sudo iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.

eth0 no wireless extensions.

wlan0 unassociated ESSID:"" Nickname:"WIFI@REALTEK"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
`

I hope some one can help me thanks

it doesn't "deauth"

monitor mode works properly , but when I "deauth" a target device it looks like it works but it doesn't .

v 7.6.1 shows nothing with airmon-ng

I wanted to test version 7.6.1 and after installing it, it no longer finds anything with airmon-ng and it doesn't let me inject

I have tried Kali 2019.1 and Mint 18.3 and the same error.

My adapter is a TL-WN722N v3

Does anyone know something

request support for rtl8188ftv

Hello, may I request support for chipset RTL 8188FTV I think it is different from 8188ETV because I applied instructions in 5.4.0-kali3-amd64 virtual box but airmon-ng not showing the card and ifconfig is not showing it either I have checked for physical and virtual box connection and both are true with no errors lsusb proves it.
make command worked fine and make install output the following

install -p -m 644 8188eu.ko  /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali3-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/
/sbin/depmod -a 5.4.0-kali3-amd64

so, any help, if I made any mistake in installation, will be appreciated.

Cannot load driver

Hi, I'm new to Linux.
I successfully build this driver but can't get the 8188eu.ko to work.

sudo insmod 8188eu.ko
... says ...
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module 8188eu.ko: Invalid parameters

uname -a says
5.4.0-kali4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 5.4.19-1kali1 (2020-02-17) i686 GNU/Linux

sudo modinfo 8188eu.ko
gives me ...

filename: /home/paul/rtl8188eus/8188eu.ko
version: v5.3.9_28540.20180627
author: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
description: Realtek Wireless Lan Driver
license: GPL
srcversion: 1C9D32A266ABA443E146ABC
alias: usb:v056Ep4008ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v2001p3311ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v2001p3310ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v2001p330Fddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v0DF6p0076ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v2357p010Cddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v0BDAp8179ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v07B8p8179ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v0BDAp0179ddcdscdpiciscipin
alias: usb:v0BDAp8179ddcdscdpiciscipin
depends: usbcore,cfg80211
retpoline: Y
name: 8188eu
vermagic: 5.4.0-kali4-686-pae SMP mod_unload modversions 686
parm: rtw_ips_mode:The default IPS mode (int)
parm: rtw_lps_level:The default LPS level (int)
parm: rtw_max_bss_cnt:int
parm: rtw_usb_rxagg_mode:int
parm: rtw_dynamic_agg_enable:int
parm: rtw_drv_log_level:set log level when insert driver module, default log level is DRV_INFO = 4 (uint)
parm: rtw_tx_bw_mode:The max tx bw for 2.4G and 5G. format is the same as rtw_bw_mode (uint)
parm: rtw_rx_ampdu_sz_limit_1ss:RX AMPDU size limit for 1SS link of each BW, 0xFF: no limitation (array of uint)
parm: rtw_rx_ampdu_sz_limit_2ss:RX AMPDU size limit for 2SS link of each BW, 0xFF: no limitation (array of uint)
parm: rtw_rx_ampdu_sz_limit_3ss:RX AMPDU size limit for 3SS link of each BW, 0xFF: no limitation (array of uint)
parm: rtw_rx_ampdu_sz_limit_4ss:RX AMPDU size limit for 4SS link of each BW, 0xFF: no limitation (array of uint)
parm: rtw_rf_config:int
parm: rtw_country_code:The default country code (in alpha2) (charp)
parm: rtw_channel_plan:The default chplan ID when rtw_alpha2 is not specified or valid (int)
parm: rtw_excl_chs:exclusive channel array (array of uint)
parm: rtw_qos_opt_enable:int
parm: ifname:The default name to allocate for first interface (charp)
parm: if2name:The default name to allocate for second interface (charp)
parm: rtw_pwrtrim_enable:int
parm: rtw_initmac:charp
parm: rtw_special_rf_path:int
parm: rtw_chip_version:int
parm: rtw_rfintfs:int
parm: rtw_lbkmode:int
parm: rtw_network_mode:int
parm: rtw_channel:int
parm: rtw_mp_mode:int
parm: rtw_wmm_enable:int
parm: rtw_vrtl_carrier_sense:int
parm: rtw_vcs_type:int
parm: rtw_busy_thresh:int
parm: rtw_ht_enable:int
parm: rtw_bw_mode:int
parm: rtw_ampdu_enable:int
parm: rtw_rx_stbc:int
parm: rtw_rx_ampdu_amsdu:int
parm: rtw_tx_ampdu_amsdu:int
parm: rtw_lowrate_two_xmit:int
parm: rtw_power_mgnt:int
parm: rtw_smart_ps:int
parm: rtw_low_power:int
parm: rtw_wifi_spec:int
parm: rtw_full_ch_in_p2p_handshake:int
parm: rtw_antdiv_cfg:int
parm: rtw_antdiv_type:int
parm: rtw_drv_ant_band_switch:int
parm: rtw_single_ant_path:int
parm: rtw_switch_usb_mode:int
parm: rtw_enusbss:int
parm: rtw_hwpdn_mode:int
parm: rtw_hwpwrp_detect:int
parm: rtw_hw_wps_pbc:int
parm: rtw_check_hw_status:int
parm: rtw_max_roaming_times:The max roaming times to try (uint)
parm: rtw_fw_iol:FW IOL. 0:Disable, 1:enable, 2:by usb speed (int)
parm: rtw_mc2u_disable:int
parm: rtw_notch_filter:0:Disable, 1:Enable, 2:Enable only for P2P (uint)
parm: rtw_hiq_filter:0:allow all, 1:allow special, 2:deny all (uint)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_en:0:disable, 1:enable (uint)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_mode:0:normal, 1:carrier sense (uint)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_dml:0:disable, 1:enable (uint)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_dc_backoff:DC backoff for Adaptivity (uint)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_th_l2h_ini:th_l2h_ini for Adaptivity (int)
parm: rtw_adaptivity_th_edcca_hl_diff:th_edcca_hl_diff for Adaptivity (int)
parm: rtw_amplifier_type_2g:BIT3:2G ext-PA, BIT4:2G ext-LNA (uint)
parm: rtw_amplifier_type_5g:BIT6:5G ext-PA, BIT7:5G ext-LNA (uint)
parm: rtw_RFE_type:default init value:64 (uint)
parm: rtw_powertracking_type:default init value:64 (uint)
parm: rtw_GLNA_type:default init value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_TxBBSwing_2G:default init value:0xFF (uint)
parm: rtw_TxBBSwing_5G:default init value:0xFF (uint)
parm: rtw_OffEfuseMask:default open Efuse Mask value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_FileMaskEfuse:default drv Mask Efuse value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_rxgain_offset_2g:default RF Gain 2G Offset value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_rxgain_offset_5gl:default RF Gain 5GL Offset value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_rxgain_offset_5gh:uint
parm: rtw_rxgain_offset_5gm:default RF Gain 5GM Offset value:0 (uint)
parm: rtw_pll_ref_clk_sel:force pll_ref_clk_sel, 0xF:use autoload value (uint)
parm: rtw_tx_pwr_by_rate:0:Disable, 1:Enable, 2: Depend on efuse (int)
parm: rtw_target_tx_pwr_2g_a:2.4G target tx power (unit:dBm) of RF path A for each rate section, should match the real calibrate power, -1: undefined (array of int)
parm: rtw_target_tx_pwr_2g_b:2.4G target tx power (unit:dBm) of RF path B for each rate section, should match the real calibrate power, -1: undefined (array of int)
parm: rtw_target_tx_pwr_2g_c:2.4G target tx power (unit:dBm) of RF path C for each rate section, should match the real calibrate power, -1: undefined (array of int)
parm: rtw_target_tx_pwr_2g_d:2.4G target tx power (unit:dBm) of RF path D for each rate section, should match the real calibrate power, -1: undefined (array of int)
parm: rtw_phy_file_path:The path of phy parameter (charp)
parm: rtw_load_phy_file:PHY File Bit Map (int)
parm: rtw_decrypt_phy_file:Enable Decrypt PHY File (int)
parm: rtw_en_napi:int
parm: rtw_en_gro:int
parm: rtw_iqk_fw_offload:int
parm: rtw_ch_switch_offload:int


what am I doing wrong? What parameters are invalid?
Thanks in advance for your help.

Virtual Interfaces enabled/not?

Hello,

This drivers support virtual interfaces (to pe set as AP)? I cannot get it work with Fluxion Captive Portal, please let me know thanks!

Device not detected

i tried to install the drivers of Realtek RTL8188EUS in kali linux 2019.4. All works well and when i enter the command 'make' it works and command 'make install' , it also works but all the issue is that it doesn't get detected on a reboot and when i type the command lsusb it shows the Realtek Semiconductor Usb Wifi Lan but when i enter the command airmon-ng it doesn't shows any details about it. The Network Manager also doesn't shows any wifi network or the device. Please help me !!!

Kernel not supported (5.4.0-kali)

when i type make
i see

root@kali:/home/gudly/rtl8188eus# make

make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=../toolchain/toolchain64/bin/aarch64-linux-android- -C /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali2-amd64/build M=/home/gudly/rtl8188eus modules
make[1]: *** /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali2-amd64/build: No such file or directory. Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

SOLVED LINUX-ARMHF RTL8188EUS & RTL8812AU GUIDE

Driver version 5.3.9 use toolchain v 4.9 (toolchain v4.8 will not work for this driver)

Some Important Points: Do not change your kernel name or version in any manner while preparing the module or else it will not work and you will get errors like insmod 8188.ko >> fatal error exec format failed. This happens when you use build script from any site and on the other hand you build your modules manually.

For example say during the time of building kernel your situation was like /lib/modules/3.10.35-xyz and while making the module your position is say /lib/modules/3.10.35_xyz or anything else. This kind of thing will not work. So first built your kernel then just after that build your modules.

1.Toolchain Used for building this module - gcc-linaro-7.5.0-2019.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf

2.Your kernel should enabled below. check in /proc/config.gz or device_defconfig
CONFIG_MODULES (loadable module support)
CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_LOAD (forced module loading)
CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD (module unloading)
CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD (forced module loading)
CONFIG_CFG80211_WEXT (wireless extension compability)
CONFIG_MAC80211 (IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack)

Step 1- Do the following: After building the kernel stay inside that directory so the first line is irrelevant.

Cd android kernel-sourcedirectory on your pc or laptop
mkdir ../kernel-headers (make kernel-headers directory outside kernel source)
make O=../kernel-headers someone_defconfig
make O=../kernel-headers modules_prepare (prepare module)
make O=../kernel-headers modules INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../kernel-headers (make modules)
make O=../kernel-headers modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../kernel-headers(install modules)

Step 2- Do the following:

make headers_install CROSS_COMPILE=$path-your-cross-compiler ARCH=arm SUBARCH=arm INSTALL_HDR_PATH=../kernel-headers (install kernel headers on the same directory ie “kernel-headers”)

-Note eg: CROSS_COMPILE=
/home/user/gcc-linaro-7.5.0-2019.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-

Step 3- Do the following:

cd ../
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8188eus -b v5.3.9
cd rtl8188eus

Now enter rtl8188eus directory using your file manager and edit the “makefile” as follows: for armhf
###################### Platform Related #######################
Line number 94-95

CONFIG_PLATFORM_I386_PC = n
CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_RPI = y

For ARM ToolChain use Hardware FLOATING line number 1044-1053

ifeq ($(CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_RPI), y)
EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_LITTLE_ENDIAN
EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_IOCTL_CFG80211 -DRTW_USE_CFG80211_STA_EVENT
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?=toolchain path (give urs)
KVER ?= 3.18.35-xyz (give urs version /lib/modules/)
KSRC :=fullpath not shown include it/kernel-headers/lib/modules/3.18.35-xyz/build (give urs)
MODDESTDIR := fullpath not shown include it/3.18.35-xyz/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ (give urs)
INSTALL_PREFIX := leave as it is
Endif

Step 4- from inside of rtl8188eus directory

export ARCH=arm
Make

Done enjoy your 8188eu.ko inside this same directory. Transfer it to your nethunter by reflashing kernel after including it inside modules/kernel version/.

**Regards

TL-WN722N v3 monitor mode doesn't work

Hello,

I am using VBox machine with Kali 2020.1 (5.4.0-kali4-amd64)
I installed driver using following commands:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
reboot
git clone https://https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8188eus -b v5.76.1
cd rtl8188eus
sudo make && sudo make install
reboot

After this adapter is working and connecting to wireless networks.
Then I am trying to install and use monitor mode:
$ sudo airmon-ng check-kill
$ sudo ip link set down
$ sudo iw dev set type monitor

With no errors. In iwconfig wlan0 in monitor mode.

sudo airmon-ng wlan0
image

This is output. No networks.

$ aireplay -9 is blocking kali machine for 30 minutes (need to be reset afterall)

Incompatible-pointer-types while building in CentOS 8 x86_64

$ CFLAGS="-Wno-incompatible-pointer-types" make
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64/build M=/home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus  modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/kernels/4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64'
  CC [M]  /home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.o
/home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.c:1429:22: error: initialization of ‘u16 (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *, u16 (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *))’ {aka ‘short unsigned int (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *, short unsigned int (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *))’} from incompatible pointer type ‘u16 (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, void *, u16 (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *))’ {aka ‘short unsigned int (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, void *, short unsigned int (*)(struct net_device *, struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *))’} [-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types]
  .ndo_select_queue = rtw_select_queue,
                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.c:1429:22: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_netdev_ops.ndo_select_queue’)
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:313: /home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [Makefile:1547: _module_/home/kokoseij/src/rtl8188eus] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/kernels/4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64'
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

I tried to set CFLAGS to ignore that error, but it looks like nothing changed.
I am using CentOS 8 x86_64 right now.

v5.7.6.1: Can't increase txpower

I tried with the command provided in the README.md and some other ones, but the txpower is stuck at 12 dBm.

Seems like the driver's code to change the txpower is commented.

RLT8188eus WiFi Usb donggle doesn't want to work...

Hello all,
I am currently at an impasse. I need to configure a second WiFi interface (RLT8188eus USB key) in order to be able to connect an external antenna.
I'm working on :
Linux KaliDiver 5.6.0-kali2-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.6.14-1kali1 (2020-05-25) x86_64 GNU/Linux

lsusb Bus 003 Device 004: ID 04f2:b160 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd CNF9113 Bus 003 Device 010: ID 0bda:f179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 802.11n Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 003: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 002: ID 25a7:fa61 Compx 2.4G Receiver Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

My main WiFi card working perfectly in wlan0
`iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.

eth0 no wireless extensions.

wlan0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"Dephdiver_Timeport"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 10:9A:DD:8A:59:91
Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=15 dBm
Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=70/70 Signal level=-32 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:2 Missed beacon:0

ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:1f:16:a4:8c:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.17/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft 31477203sec preferred_lft 31477203sec
inet6 fe80::21f:16ff:fea4:8c6f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:22:fb:6f:79:64 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.18/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlan0
valid_lft 31477236sec preferred_lft 31477236sec
inet6 fe80::944d:9e40:f8ef:10ec/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
`

The donggle not being recognized, I installed the latest drivers after backlist of the old drivers:
echo "blacklist r8188eu" > /etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf apt-get update apt-get install realtek-rtl8188eus-dkms

the driver seems to be installed but no access to the donggle ...
apt-cache search realtek flashrom - Identify, read, write, erase, and verify BIOS/ROM/flash chips librtlsdr-dev - Software defined radio receiver for Realtek RTL2832U (development) librtlsdr0 - Software defined radio receiver for Realtek RTL2832U (library) nictools-pci - Diagnostic tools for many PCI Ethernet cards python3-rtlsdr - Python wrapper for librtlsdr (Python3 package) rtl-sdr - Software defined radio receiver for Realtek RTL2832U (tools) soapysdr-module-rtlsdr - RTL-SDR device support for SoapySDR (default version) soapysdr0.7-module-rtlsdr - RTL-SDR device support for SoapySDR firmware-realtek - Binary firmware for Realtek wired/wifi/BT adapters r8168-dkms - dkms source for the r8168 network driver realtek-rtl8188eus-dkms - Realtek RTL8188EUS driver in DKMS format realtek-rtl88xxau-dkms - Realtek RTL88xxAU driver in DKMS format

Firmware seem not to be load
dmesg | grep firmware [ 22.283437] platform regulatory.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware regulatory.db [ 22.562577] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware iwlwifi-5000-5.ucode [ 22.562733] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: loaded firmware version 8.83.5.1 build 33692 5000-5.ucode op_mode iwldvm [ 22.705904] platform regulatory.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware regulatory.db.p7s

neither the native r8188eu module nor the compiled 8188eu module support donggle
modinfo -F alias {r,}8188eu | grep 0BDA usb:v0BDApFFEFd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* usb:v0BDAp0179d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* usb:v0BDAp8179d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* usb:v0BDAp8179d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* usb:v0BDAp0179d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* usb:v0BDAp8179d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*

I surely forgot to do something, do you have an idea?
Thanks for your help

suggesting patch to work with kernel-5.6.3 branch v5.7.6.1

rtl8188eus-5.7.6.1-ioctl_cfg8021.c-kernel5.6.patch

this patchs two files:

  1. /os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c
  2. /os_dep/linux/rtw_proc.c
    same see on tomaspinho on Feb 10 for rtl8821ce

this work for me, clean compiled

`apt-get install dkms-rtl8188eus-5.7.6.1-2pclos2020.x86_64.rpm
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
Selecting dkms-rtl8188eus for 'dkms-rtl8188eus-5.7.6.1-2pclos2020.x86_64.rpm'
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dkms-rtl8188eus (5.7.6.1-2pclos2020)
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 removed and 19 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/1955kB of archives.
After unpacking 14.0MB of additional disk space will be used.
Committing changes...
Preparing ############################## [100%]
Updating / installing
dkms-rtl8188eus-5.7.6.1-2pclos2020.x86 ############################## [100%]

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/rtl8188eus/5.7.6.1-2pclos2020/source ->
/usr/src/rtl8188eus-5.7.6.1-2pclos2020

DKMS: add Completed.

Preparing kernel 5.6.3-pclos1 for module build:
(This is not compiling a kernel, just preparing kernel symbols)
Storing current .config to be restored when complete
Running Generic preparation routine
make clean.....
using /proc/config.gz
make oldconfig.....
make prepare.....

Building module:
cleaning build area....
'make' SKIP_STACK_VALIDATION=1 all...................................................
cleaning build area....
cleaning kernel tree (make clean).....

DKMS: build Completed.

rtl8188eus.ko.xz:

  • Installation
    • Installing to /lib/modules/5.6.3-pclos1/kernel/3rdparty/rtl8188eus/

depmod.....

DKMS: install Completed.
Reloading network configuration ...
Done.`

the modestdir is just for me changed, ...

Please test and let me knowing what's fail?

problem with airbase-ng and hostapd

Hello friends, I have been tested using airbase-ng with my TP-WN722N v3 but when I create the AP it won't let me connect to it.

on the other hand I have tried to create the AP with Hostapd but when I start it tells me error in driver 8188eu and it doesn’t work

I do not know if I am doing something wrong, and it is not a problem with the installation of drivers because the injection and the monitor mode work wonderfully.

can anybody help me? or do you have any solution? or do you know something?

Thanks for everything

Makefile: Error 2

I am getting the following error while attempting to run 'sudo make':

sudo make
[sudo] password for kali: 
/bin/sh: 1: bc: not found
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.5.0-kali2-amd64/build M=/home/kali/rtl8188eus  modules
make[1]: *** /lib/modules/5.5.0-kali2-amd64/build: No such file or directory.  Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

WN722N injections doesnt work

Monitor mode works fine.But if try some unctionality for injections, from aircrack.WiFi module lose and cant locate BSSID of target.

CH 11 ][ Elapsed: 6 s ][ 2020-02-06 21:40

BSSID PWR Beacons #Data, #/s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID

F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64 -66 16 60 0 1 135 WPA2 CCMP PSK TP-LINK_4564

BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Probe

F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64 CC:B8:A8:C1:FB:90 0 0 - 0e 139 60

user@user-VirtualBox:/Desktop$ sudo aireplay-ng --test -e TP-LINK_4564 -a F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64 wlxd037454d9936
21:40:29 Waiting for beacon frame (BSSID: F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64) on channel 6
21:40:39 No such BSSID available.
user@user-VirtualBox:
/Desktop$ sudo aireplay-ng --test -e TP-LINK_4564 -a F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64 wlxd037454d9936
21:40:43 Waiting for beacon frame (BSSID: F4:F2:6D:4B:45:64) on channel 6
21:40:53 No such BSSID available.
user@user-VirtualBox:~/Desktop$ uname -r
5.3.0-29-generic
PS: wifi device rev is V3

Invalid module format

I get this error when I try to load the kernel module:
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module kernel/drivers/net/wireless/8188eu.ko: Invalid module format

kernel:
4.15.0-106-generic

"make " error2

Everything was working fine but then i ran apr update && upgrade, after installation make command is showing error 2. What is wrong? Please help. I have TL-WN722N.
root@kali:# cd rtl8188eus/
root@kali:
/rtl8188eus# sudo -i
root@kali:# echo "blacklist r8188eu.ko" > "/etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf"
root@kali:
# exit
logout
root@kali:~/rtl8188eus# make
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/4.19.0-kali4-amd64/build M=/root/rtl8188eus modules
make[1]: *** /lib/modules/4.19.0-kali4-amd64/build: No such file or directory. Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

rtw_get_systime_us

PLEASE HELP
when I'm going to compile it I always get this error

make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.6.0-kali2-amd64/build M=/root/rtl8188eus modules make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-amd64' CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_cmd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_security.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_debug.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_io.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_query.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_set.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mi.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_wlan_util.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_vht.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_pwrctrl.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_recv.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sta_mgt.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ap.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh_pathtbl.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh_hwmp.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_xmit.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_p2p.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rson.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_tdls.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_br_ext.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_iol.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sreset.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_btcoex_wifionly.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_btcoex.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_beamforming.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_odm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm_fsm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/efuse/rtw_efuse.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/osdep_service.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/usb_intf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/usb_ops_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/xmit_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/mlme_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/recv_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.o /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c: In function ‘rtw_get_systime_us’: /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:706:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type] 706 | } | ^ CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_cfgvendor.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/wifi_regd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_android.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_proc.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_rhashtable.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_mp.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com_phycfg.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_phy.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm_acs.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_btcoex_wifionly.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_btcoex.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_mp.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_mcc.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_hci/hal_usb.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/led/hal_led.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/led/hal_usb_led.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/HalPwrSeqCmd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/Hal8188EPwrSeq.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_xmit.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_sreset.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_hal_init.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_phycfg.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_rf6052.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_dm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_rxdesc.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_cmd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/hal8188e_s_fw.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/hal8188e_t_fw.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/usb_halinit.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_led.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_xmit.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_recv.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/usb_ops_linux.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/efuse/rtl8188e/HalEfuseMask8188E_USB.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_debug.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_antdiv.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_soml.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_smt_ant.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_antdect.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_interface.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_phystatus.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_hwconfig.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dig.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_pathdiv.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dynamictxpower.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_adaptivity.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_cfotracking.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_noisemonitor.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_beamforming.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dfs.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/halcomtxbf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/haltxbfinterface.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/phydm_hal_txbf_api.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_adc_sampling.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_ccx.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_psd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_primary_cca.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_cck_pd.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rssi_monitor.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_auto_dbg.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_math_lib.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_api.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_pow_train.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halphyrf_ce.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_powertracking_ce.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_powertracking.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_kfree.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_mac.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_bb.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_rf.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/rtl8188e/halrf_8188e_ce.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/phydm_regconfig8188e.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/hal8188erateadaptive.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/phydm_rtl8188e.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/platform/platform_ops.o CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mp.o LD [M] /root/rtl8188eus/8188eu.o MODPOST 1 modules CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/8188eu.mod.o LD [M] /root/rtl8188eus/8188eu.ko make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-amd64'

and when i removed this ' } ' I got this errors

make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.6.0-kali2-amd64/build M=/root/rtl8188eus modules make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-amd64' CC [M] /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.o /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c: In function ‘rtw_get_systime_us’: /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:709:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_clear_wps_sr_of_non_target_bss’ 709 | static int rtw_cfg80211_clear_wps_sr_of_non_target_bss(_adapter *padapter, struct wlan_network *pnetwork, struct cfg80211_ssid *req_ssid) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1234:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_ap_set_encryption’ 1234 | static int rtw_cfg80211_ap_set_encryption(struct net_device *dev, struct ieee_param *param) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1480:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_encryption’ 1480 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_encryption(struct net_device *dev, struct ieee_param *param) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1660:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_add_key’ 1660 | static int cfg80211_rtw_add_key(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1804:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_get_key’ 1804 | static int cfg80211_rtw_get_key(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1969:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_del_key’ 1969 | static int cfg80211_rtw_del_key(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:1989:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_default_key’ 1989 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_default_key(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2183:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_get_station’ 2183 | static int cfg80211_rtw_get_station(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2298:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_change_iface’ 2298 | static int cfg80211_rtw_change_iface(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2569:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘_rtw_cfg80211_surveydone_event_callback’ 2569 | static void _rtw_cfg80211_surveydone_event_callback(_adapter *padapter, struct cfg80211_scan_request *scan_req) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2639:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_probe_req_wpsp2pie’ 2639 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_probe_req_wpsp2pie(_adapter *padapter, char *buf, int len) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2828:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_scan’ 2828 | static int cfg80211_rtw_scan(struct wiphy *wiphy | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3088:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_wiphy_params’ 3088 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_wiphy_params(struct wiphy *wiphy, u32 changed) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3125:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_wpa_version’ 3125 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_wpa_version(struct security_priv *psecuritypriv, u32 wpa_version) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3152:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_auth_type’ 3152 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_auth_type(struct security_priv *psecuritypriv, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3194:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_cipher’ 3194 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_cipher(struct security_priv *psecuritypriv, u32 cipher, bool ucast) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3256:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_key_mgt’ 3256 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_key_mgt(struct security_priv *psecuritypriv, u32 key_mgt) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3291:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_wpa_ie’ 3291 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_wpa_ie(_adapter *padapter, u8 *pie, size_t ielen) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3491:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_join_ibss’ 3491 | static int cfg80211_rtw_join_ibss(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3569:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_leave_ibss’ 3569 | static int cfg80211_rtw_leave_ibss(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3621:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_connect’ 3621 | static int cfg80211_rtw_connect(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3877:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_disconnect’ 3877 | static int cfg80211_rtw_disconnect(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3929:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_txpower’ 3929 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_txpower(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:3989:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_get_txpower’ 3989 | static int cfg80211_rtw_get_txpower(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4012:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_power_mgmt’ 4012 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_power_mgmt(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4032:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_pmksa’ 4032 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_pmksa(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4086:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_del_pmksa’ 4086 | static int cfg80211_rtw_del_pmksa(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4118:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_flush_pmksa’ 4118 | static int cfg80211_rtw_flush_pmksa(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4238:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_open’ 4238 | static int rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_open(struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4247:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_close’ 4247 | static int rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_close(struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4256:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_xmit_entry’ 4256 | static int rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_xmit_entry(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4411:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_set_multicast_list’ 4411 | static void rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_set_multicast_list(struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4416:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_set_mac_address’ 4416 | static int rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_set_mac_address(struct net_device *ndev, void *addr) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4427:14: error: initializer element is not constant 4427 | .ndo_open = rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_open, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4427:14: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_ops.ndo_open’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4428:14: error: initializer element is not constant 4428 | .ndo_stop = rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_close, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4428:14: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_ops.ndo_stop’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4429:20: error: initializer element is not constant 4429 | .ndo_start_xmit = rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_xmit_entry, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4429:20: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_ops.ndo_start_xmit’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4433:25: error: initializer element is not constant 4433 | .ndo_set_mac_address = rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_set_mac_address, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4433:25: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_ops.ndo_set_mac_address’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4437:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_add_monitor_if’ 4437 | static int rtw_cfg80211_add_monitor_if(_adapter *padapter, char *name, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4535:2: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_add_virtual_intf’ 4535 | cfg80211_rtw_add_virtual_intf( | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4632:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_del_virtual_intf’ 4632 | static int cfg80211_rtw_del_virtual_intf(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4684:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_add_beacon’ 4684 | static int rtw_add_beacon(_adapter *adapter, const u8 *head, size_t head_len, const u8 *tail, size_t tail_len) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4823:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_start_ap’ 4823 | static int cfg80211_rtw_start_ap(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4866:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_change_beacon’ 4866 | static int cfg80211_rtw_change_beacon(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4879:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_stop_ap’ 4879 | static int cfg80211_rtw_stop_ap(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:4893:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_mac_acl’ 4893 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_mac_acl(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5106:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_add_station’ 5106 | static int cfg80211_rtw_add_station(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5259:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_del_station’ 5259 | static int cfg80211_rtw_del_station(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5365:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_change_station’ 5365 | static int cfg80211_rtw_change_station(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5482:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_dump_station’ 5482 | static int cfg80211_rtw_dump_station(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5549:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_change_bss’ 5549 | static int cfg80211_rtw_change_bss(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5569:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_channel’ 5569 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_channel(struct wiphy *wiphy | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5616:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_set_monitor_channel’ 5616 | static int cfg80211_rtw_set_monitor_channel(struct wiphy *wiphy | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5715:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_auth’ 5715 | static int cfg80211_rtw_auth(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:5723:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_assoc’ 5723 | static int cfg80211_rtw_assoc(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct net_device *ndev, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:6250:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_remain_on_channel’ 6250 | static s32 cfg80211_rtw_remain_on_channel(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:6395:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_cancel_remain_on_channel’ 6395 | static s32 cfg80211_rtw_cancel_remain_on_channel(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:6642:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘_cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx’ 6642 | static int _cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx(_adapter *padapter, u8 tx_ch, u8 no_cck, const u8 *buf, size_t len, int wait_ack) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:6824:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx’ 6824 | static int cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:7097:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_frame_register’ 7097 | static void cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_frame_register(struct wiphy *wiphy, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8432:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_beacon_wpsp2pie’ 8432 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_beacon_wpsp2pie(struct net_device *ndev, char *buf, int len) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8527:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_probe_resp_wpsp2pie’ 8527 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_probe_resp_wpsp2pie(struct net_device *net, char *buf, int len) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8690:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_set_assoc_resp_wpsp2pie’ 8690 | static int rtw_cfg80211_set_assoc_resp_wpsp2pie(struct net_device *net, char *buf, int len) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8791:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_init_ht_capab_ex’ 8791 | static void rtw_cfg80211_init_ht_capab_ex(_adapter *padapter | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8840:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_init_ht_capab’ 8840 | static void rtw_cfg80211_init_ht_capab(_adapter *padapter | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:8930:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_create_vht_cap’ 8930 | static void rtw_cfg80211_create_vht_cap(struct ieee80211_sta_vht_cap *vht_cap) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9042:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘rtw_cfg80211_preinit_wiphy’ 9042 | static void rtw_cfg80211_preinit_wiphy(_adapter *adapter, struct wiphy *wiphy) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9351:25: error: initializer element is not constant 9351 | .change_virtual_intf = cfg80211_rtw_change_iface, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9351:25: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.change_virtual_intf’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9352:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9352 | .add_key = cfg80211_rtw_add_key, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9352:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.add_key’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9353:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9353 | .get_key = cfg80211_rtw_get_key, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9353:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.get_key’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9354:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9354 | .del_key = cfg80211_rtw_del_key, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9354:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.del_key’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9355:21: error: initializer element is not constant 9355 | .set_default_key = cfg80211_rtw_set_default_key, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9355:21: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_default_key’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9357:26: error: initializer element is not constant 9357 | .set_default_mgmt_key = cfg80211_rtw_set_default_mgmt_key, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9357:26: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_default_mgmt_key’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9362:17: error: initializer element is not constant 9362 | .get_station = cfg80211_rtw_get_station, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9362:17: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.get_station’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9363:10: error: initializer element is not constant 9363 | .scan = cfg80211_rtw_scan, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9363:10: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.scan’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9364:22: error: initializer element is not constant 9364 | .set_wiphy_params = cfg80211_rtw_set_wiphy_params, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9364:22: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_wiphy_params’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9365:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9365 | .connect = cfg80211_rtw_connect, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9365:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.connect’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9366:16: error: initializer element is not constant 9366 | .disconnect = cfg80211_rtw_disconnect, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9366:16: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.disconnect’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9367:15: error: initializer element is not constant 9367 | .join_ibss = cfg80211_rtw_join_ibss, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9367:15: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.join_ibss’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9368:16: error: initializer element is not constant 9368 | .leave_ibss = cfg80211_rtw_leave_ibss, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9368:16: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.leave_ibss’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9369:18: error: initializer element is not constant 9369 | .set_tx_power = cfg80211_rtw_set_txpower, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9369:18: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_tx_power’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9370:18: error: initializer element is not constant 9370 | .get_tx_power = cfg80211_rtw_get_txpower, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9370:18: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.get_tx_power’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9371:20: error: initializer element is not constant 9371 | .set_power_mgmt = cfg80211_rtw_set_power_mgmt, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9371:20: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_power_mgmt’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9372:15: error: initializer element is not constant 9372 | .set_pmksa = cfg80211_rtw_set_pmksa, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9372:15: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_pmksa’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9373:15: error: initializer element is not constant 9373 | .del_pmksa = cfg80211_rtw_del_pmksa, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9373:15: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.del_pmksa’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9374:17: error: initializer element is not constant 9374 | .flush_pmksa = cfg80211_rtw_flush_pmksa, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9374:17: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.flush_pmksa’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9377:22: error: initializer element is not constant 9377 | .add_virtual_intf = cfg80211_rtw_add_virtual_intf, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9377:22: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.add_virtual_intf’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9378:22: error: initializer element is not constant 9378 | .del_virtual_intf = cfg80211_rtw_del_virtual_intf, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9378:22: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.del_virtual_intf’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9385:14: error: initializer element is not constant 9385 | .start_ap = cfg80211_rtw_start_ap, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9385:14: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.start_ap’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9386:19: error: initializer element is not constant 9386 | .change_beacon = cfg80211_rtw_change_beacon, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9386:19: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.change_beacon’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9387:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9387 | .stop_ap = cfg80211_rtw_stop_ap, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9387:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.stop_ap’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9391:17: error: initializer element is not constant 9391 | .set_mac_acl = cfg80211_rtw_set_mac_acl, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9391:17: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_mac_acl’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9394:17: error: initializer element is not constant 9394 | .add_station = cfg80211_rtw_add_station, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9394:17: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.add_station’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9395:17: error: initializer element is not constant 9395 | .del_station = cfg80211_rtw_del_station, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9395:17: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.del_station’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9396:20: error: initializer element is not constant 9396 | .change_station = cfg80211_rtw_change_station, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9396:20: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.change_station’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9397:18: error: initializer element is not constant 9397 | .dump_station = cfg80211_rtw_dump_station, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9397:18: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.dump_station’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9398:16: error: initializer element is not constant 9398 | .change_bss = cfg80211_rtw_change_bss, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9398:16: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.change_bss’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9423:25: error: initializer element is not constant 9423 | .set_monitor_channel = cfg80211_rtw_set_monitor_channel, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9423:25: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.set_monitor_channel’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9427:23: error: initializer element is not constant 9427 | .remain_on_channel = cfg80211_rtw_remain_on_channel, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9427:23: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.remain_on_channel’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9428:30: error: initializer element is not constant 9428 | .cancel_remain_on_channel = cfg80211_rtw_cancel_remain_on_channel, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9428:30: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.cancel_remain_on_channel’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9440:13: error: initializer element is not constant 9440 | .mgmt_tx = cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9440:13: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.mgmt_tx’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9441:25: error: initializer element is not constant 9441 | .mgmt_frame_register = cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_frame_register, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9441:25: note: (near initialization for ‘rtw_cfg80211_ops.mgmt_frame_register’) /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9774:1: error: expected declaration or statement at end of input 9774 | } | ^ /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:9774:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type] make[3]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-common/scripts/Makefile.build:273: /root/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-common/Makefile:1704: /root/rtl8188eus] Error 2 make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-common/Makefile:180: sub-make] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.6.0-kali2-amd64' make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

Help Needed !!!!! Nethunter

cd [your kernel source directory] metioned in nethunter readme what do you mean by that ???

  1. my linux kernel source directory
  2. my android kernel source directory
  3. my nethunter kernel source directory

Regards.

SOLVED: The driver for wn722n does not work after a reboot!!

I installed this driver on different systems, but after rebooting the driver stopped working. The problem was fundamentally resolved: I deleted all references to the rtl8188eus driver from the computer. Search command:
find /lib/modules -name 'rtl8188*'
After rebooting, the driver works great!!!

P.S. I don't know much English, so I use a translator))

Raspberry Pi warnings and errors compiling RTL8188EU for kernel 5.4

Raspberry Pi are just about to start using kernel 5.4 and have provided an initial version 5.4.29

I tried compiling for the 4 different kernel versions used by the different Raspberry Pi types.

The driver compiles for kernel versions 5.4.29+ and 5.4.29-v8+ with a number of similar warnings. Compiling for kernel versions 5.4.29-v7+ and 5.4.29-v7l+ produces similar warning but also fails to create the wifi module as it reports an error with an undefined modules reference.

Warnings which appear to be the same for all kernel versions

  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_cmd.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_security.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_debug.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_io.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_query.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_set.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c: In function ‘rtw_txpwr_init_regd’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c:261:3: warning: empty declaration
   __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
   ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c:261:3: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c: In function ‘mgt_dispatcher’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c:1353:4: warning: empty declaration
    __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
    ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.c:1353:4: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mi.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c: In function ‘dump_ht_cap_ie’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c:1680:2: warning: ‘ht_cap_ielen’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  dump_ht_cap_ie_content(sel, ht_cap_ie + 2, ht_cap_ielen);
  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c: In function ‘dump_ht_op_ie’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c:1713:2: warning: ‘ht_op_ielen’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  dump_ht_op_ie_content(sel, ht_op_ie + 2, ht_op_ielen);
  ^
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_wlan_util.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_vht.o
.
.
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/xmit_linux.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/mlme_linux.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.c: In function ‘rtw_priv_mp_get’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.c:10173:2: warning: empty declaration
  __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.c:10173:2: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/recv_linux.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_cfgvendor.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c: In function ‘cfg80211_rtw_change_iface’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2393:2: warning: empty declaration
  __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2393:2: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2418:2: warning: empty declaration
  __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:2418:2: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/wifi_regd.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_android.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_proc.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_rhashtable.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_mp.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com_phycfg.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.c: In function ‘c2h_handler’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.c:1064:3: warning: empty declaration
   __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__));
   ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.c:1064:3: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_phy.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm_acs.o
.
.
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dynamictxpower.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_adaptivity.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_cfotracking.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_noisemonitor.o
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c: In function ‘phydm_get_ofdm_qam_order’:
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1598:18: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
   qam_order = qam[tmp_idx];
                  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1609:18: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
   qam_order = qam[tmp_idx];
                  ^
/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1613:19: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
    qam_order = qam[tmp_idx - 1];
                   ^
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_beamforming.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_direct_bf.o
.
.
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/phydm_rtl8188e.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/platform/platform_ops.o
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mp.o
  LD [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/8188eu.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/8188eu.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/8188eu.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/src/linux'

The compile for kernel versions 5.4.29-v7+ and 5.4.29-v7l+ fail with the following error

  CC [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mp.o
  LD [M]  /home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/8188eu.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
ERROR: "__stack_chk_guard" [/home/pi/wifi-src20/rtl8188eus/8188eu.ko] undefined!
scripts/Makefile.modpost:93: recipe for target '__modpost' failed
make[2]: *** [__modpost] Error 1
Makefile:1607: recipe for target 'modules' failed
make[1]: *** [modules] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/src/linux'
Makefile:2313: recipe for target 'modules' failed
make: *** [modules] Error 2

Not sure if this error is a driver or kernel error issue but I have also raised this issue with Raspberry Pi.

MrEngman

Cannot change MAC Address on Kali

Working with a Wireless adapter (TL-WN725N), which I managed to configure on my VM Kali. However, I cannot change the MAC Address.

I have tried everything:
ifconfig wlan0 down
ifconfig wlan0 hw ether 00:11:22:22:33:44
Ifconfig wlan0 up

ifconfig wlan0 down
macaddress -r wlan0
ifconfigu wlan0 up

I have tried changing the Network Manager as well, but still nothing.

Any and all suggestions are welcome.

Any suggestions?

TL-WN722N adapter not detecting in Kali kernel 5.6.0 (latest kernel)

I'm having a trouble connecting my adapter in Kali VM kernel 5.6.0. I recently upgraded my Kali to latest version, which changes my kali kernel from 5.3.0 to 5.6.0. My adapter is not being detected in kernel 5.6.0.

I tried changing the kernel from 5.6.0 to 5.3.0 using grub loader advanced and my adapter is working fine in kernel 5.3.0.

So I have to change to kernel 5.3.0 every time. This is annoying. Does anyone have a solution?

#make

thats dont work on kali 2020 ver 5.5.0 please help meeeee

Compilation error on rtw_mlme_ext.c

I used this
toolchain:
wget https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2016.02/arm-linux-gnueabihf/gcc-linaro-4.9-2016.02-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz
kernel source:
git clone https://github.com/Re4son/android_kernel_lge_hammerhead -b nethunter-7.1
p.s I uploaded work progress to image hosting
So first I build kernel from source:
1 a) https://ibb.co/PrcMhgN
b) https://ibb.co/bXdmFvC
c) https://ibb.co/nssySDS (Here you can see that the compilation was successful)
2 make
a) https://ibb.co/NLRQq9X mrproper
b) https://ibb.co/r0XT6HZ defconfig nethunter_defconfig and modules_prepare
c) https://ibb.co/HLyNZ8b modules_install and git clone rtl8188eus
3 Next, I configured Makefile
https://ibb.co/HqxQC77 this
4 And finally "make"
https://ibb.co/r6t01Pk this
Hooray, compilation started, but breaks off on 'rtw_mlme_ext.c'
I can’t understand what the problem is, please tell me what I'm doing wrong
My defconfig file if that
http://s000.tinyupload.com/index.php?file_id=12376423205617620599
Thanks

TXpower control

When TXpower control will be implemented (approximately)?

Black-list the Driver

I had to change :
"echo "blacklist r8188eu.ko" > "/etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf"
to:
"echo "blacklist r8188eu" > "/etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf"
to work on my machine.
my system :
"Linux Lab 5.4.0-kali3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.4.13-1kali1 (2020-01-20) x86_64 GNU/Linux"

sudo rmmod r8188eu.ko kills my wifi & make file error

when i enter command 'sudo rmmod r8188eu.ko' it always kills my wifi and when i type make it shows the following error :
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali2-amd64/build M=/home/vishal/Desktop/rtl8188eus modules
make[1]: *** /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali2-amd64/build: No such file or directory. Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2
please help

Building for NeHunter/Android

So i build kernel headers and then i trying to build driver itself.I've met such a mistake.
makemake ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=../android_kernel_dark_ages/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin/aarch64-linux-android- -C /lib/modules/5.4.15-arch1-1/build M=/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel/rtl8188eus modules make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/lib/modules/5.4.15-arch1-1/build' make[1]: ../android_kernel_dark_ages/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin/aarch64-linux-android-gcc: Command not found Makefile:653: arch/arm64/Makefile: No such file or directory make[1]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/arm64/Makefile'. Stop. make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/lib/modules/5.4.15-arch1-1/build' make: *** [Makefile:2301: modules] Error 2
What i can i do?

Make error

Hi

After cloning, when I run the make && make install command, it throws the following error.

/bin/sh: 1: bc: not found
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali3-amd64/build M=/root/rtl8188eus modules
make[1]: *** /lib/modules/5.4.0-kali3-amd64/build: No such file or directory. Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:2047: modules] Error 2

Please help. This Wireless LAN isn't even showing up when I do ifconfig. My other adapter of Netgear is working fine.

image

Evil Twin Attack Not Supported...

Evil Twin Attack Not Supported
I just started Evil Twin attack using TP Link TL-WN722N V3 but after so much of research I end up getting driver issues. Please refer to the below error I am getting with Images and codes

`PHY     Interface       Driver          Chipset

null    802.11          ??????          non-mac80211 device? (report this!)
null    dBm             ??????          non-mac80211 device? (report this!)
null    IEEE            ??????          non-mac80211 device? (report this!)
null    Mode:Monitor    ??????          non-mac80211 device? (report this!)
null    Tx-Power=13     ??????          non-mac80211 device? (report this!)
        wfphshr-wlan0                   ethtool failed... driver is broken
phy6    wlan0           8188eu          TP-Link TL-WN722N v2
`
![Screenshot for the error of Evil Twin Attack]
(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/62726305/82874943-5cba3d80-9f54-11ea-81cb-6fedd97c1a49.png)

Compiling error rtw_get_systime_us

Im very new to linux with basic c knowledge.There was lot more issues but i fixed most of them but that last one driving me crazy.

/home/kali/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c: In function ‘rtw_get_systime_us’:
/home/kali/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c:706:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]
706 | }
| ^

i got into .c file and checked the fucntion but didnt get whats wrong its seems like it returns void but whats the problem thenn ??

Compilation for arm64

I tried to compile the driver using this toolchain:
For aarch64 : https://github.com/kdrag0n/aarch64-elf-gcc.git
For aarch32 : https://github.com/kdrag0n/arm-eabi-gcc.git

Here are some lines (which I edited) of the "Platform related" section from the Makefile :

Platform Related

CONFIG_PLATFORM_I386_PC = y
CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_RPI = y
CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM64_RPI = y
CONFIG_PLATFORM_ANDROID_X86 = n

Env variables :

export CROSS_COMPILE="$HOME/toolchains/aarch64/bin/aarch64-elf-" 
export CROSS_COMPILE_ARM32="$HOME/toolchains/aarch32/bin/arm-eabi-"
export ARCH=arm64
export SUBARCH=arm64

And a config for arm64:

ifeq ($(CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM64_RPI), y)
EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_LITTLE_ENDIAN
EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_IOCTL_CFG80211 -DRTW_USE_CFG80211_STA_EVENT
ARCH ?= arm64
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /home/i3ima/toolchains/aarch64/bin/aarch64-elf-
KVER ?= 4.9.223-Dark-Ages-Décimo
KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/kernel-headers/lib/modules/4.9.223-Dark-Ages-Décimo/source
KSRC := /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/kernel-headers/lib/modules/4.9.223-Dark-Ages-Décimo/build
MODDESTDIR := /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/kernel_dark_ages_vince/drivers/net/wireless
INSTALL_PREFIX :=
endif

My steps:

  1. I assembled the kernel by commands.
make O=out vince_defconfig
   make O=out -j9
  1. Assembly and installation of headers (actions were performed in /out directory).
mkdir ../../kernel-headers
   make O=../../kernel-headers vince_defconfig
   make O=../../kernel-headers modules_prepare
   make O=../../kernel-headers modules INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../../kernel-headers 
   make O=../../kernel-headers modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../../kernel-headers
   make headers_install INSTALL_HDR_PATH=../../kernel-headers 

Errors :

   CC [M] /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm.o
  CC [M] /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm_fsm.o
  CC [M] /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/efuse/rtw_efuse.o
  CC [M] /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.o
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c: In function 'sdio_io':
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c:56:11: error: 'struct dvobj_priv' has no member named 'intf_ops'.
   56 | err = d->intf_ops->write(d, addr_drv, buf, len, 0);
      | ^~
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c:58:11: error: 'struct dvobj_priv' has no member named 'intf_ops'.
   58 | err = d->intf_ops->read(d, addr_drv, buf, len, 0);
      | ^~
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c:75:56: error: 'SD_IO_TRY_CNT' undeclared (first use in this function)
   75 | if ((err == -1) || (stop_retry == _TRUE) || (retry > SD_IO_TRY_CNT)) {
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c:75:56: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c: In function 'rtw_sdio_f0_read':
/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.c:125:9: error: 'struct dvobj_priv' has no member named 'intf_ops'.
  125 | err = d->intf_ops->read(d, addr, buf, len, 0);
      | ^~
make[4]: *** [.../scripts/Makefile.build:340: /home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sdio.o] Error 1
make[3]: *** [/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/kernel_dark_ages_vince/Makefile:1625: _module_/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/rtl8188eus]. Error 2
make[2]: *** [Makefile:152: sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: *** [Makefile:24: __sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/i3ima/Projects/kernel_hid/kernel_dark_ages_vince/out'.
make: *** [Makefile:2048: modules] Error 2 

I hope someone can help me

Re-installation after reboot

Drivers have to be re-installed after reboot on kalilinux debian 5.6.0 or else the device can't enter monitor mode

Instruction for DKMS install

Hi man,
could you be able to share the commands to install this driver in dkms way because I saw some dkms files inside the folder.
Regards

last driver installing usb not working

root@SliFer:# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 13d3:3491 IMC Networks
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:57e6 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. USB2.0 VGA UVC WebCam
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2357:010c TP-Link TL-WN722N v2
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
root@SliFer:
# airmon-ng

PHY Interface Driver Chipset

phy0 wlan0 ath10k_pci Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter (rev 31)

Warnings during make after Ubuntu update

Hi,

after update my Ubuntu to version

Linux piotr-Inspiron-5737 5.3.0-28-generic #30~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 17 06:14:09 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

there are some warnings during make execution:

make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/5.3.0-28-generic/build M=/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus  modules
make[1]: Wejście do katalogu '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.3.0-28-generic'
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_cmd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_security.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_debug.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_io.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_query.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ioctl_set.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.o
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c: In function ‘dump_ht_cap_ie’:
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c:1680:2: warning: ‘ht_cap_ielen’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  dump_ht_cap_ie_content(sel, ht_cap_ie + 2, ht_cap_ielen);
  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c: In function ‘dump_ht_op_ie’:
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ieee80211.c:1713:2: warning: ‘ht_op_ielen’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  dump_ht_op_ie_content(sel, ht_op_ie + 2, ht_op_ielen);
  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mlme_ext.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mi.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_wlan_util.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_vht.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_pwrctrl.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_chplan.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_recv.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sta_mgt.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_ap.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh_pathtbl.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/mesh/rtw_mesh_hwmp.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_xmit.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_p2p.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rson.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_tdls.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_br_ext.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_iol.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_sreset.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_btcoex_wifionly.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_btcoex.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_beamforming.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_odm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_rm_fsm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/efuse/rtw_efuse.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/osdep_service.o
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/osdep_service.c: In function ‘rtw_readable_file_sz_chk’:
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/osdep_service.c:2356:5: warning: ‘fsz’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  if (fsz > sz)
     ^
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/os_intfs.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/usb_intf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/usb_ops_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/xmit_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/mlme_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/recv_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_cfgvendor.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/wifi_regd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_android.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_proc.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/rtw_rhashtable.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/os_dep/linux/ioctl_mp.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_intf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_com_phycfg.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_phy.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_dm_acs.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_btcoex_wifionly.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_btcoex.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_mp.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_mcc.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/hal_hci/hal_usb.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/led/hal_led.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/led/hal_usb_led.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/HalPwrSeqCmd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/Hal8188EPwrSeq.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_xmit.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_sreset.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_hal_init.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_phycfg.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_rf6052.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_dm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_rxdesc.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/rtl8188e_cmd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/hal8188e_s_fw.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/hal8188e_t_fw.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/usb_halinit.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_led.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_xmit.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/rtl8188eu_recv.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/rtl8188e/usb/usb_ops_linux.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/efuse/rtl8188e/HalEfuseMask8188E_USB.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_debug.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_antdiv.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_soml.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_smt_ant.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_antdect.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_interface.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_phystatus.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_hwconfig.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dig.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_pathdiv.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.o
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c: In function ‘phydm_get_ofdm_qam_order’:
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1598:18: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
   qam_order = qam[tmp_idx];
               ~~~^~~~~~~~~
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1609:18: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
   qam_order = qam[tmp_idx];
               ~~~^~~~~~~~~
/mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rainfo.c:1613:19: warning: array subscript is above array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
    qam_order = qam[tmp_idx - 1];
                ~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dynamictxpower.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_adaptivity.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_cfotracking.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_noisemonitor.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_beamforming.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_direct_bf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_dfs.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/halcomtxbf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/haltxbfinterface.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/txbf/phydm_hal_txbf_api.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_adc_sampling.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_ccx.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_psd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_primary_cca.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_cck_pd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_rssi_monitor.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_auto_dbg.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_math_lib.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_api.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_pow_train.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_lna_sat.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_pmac_tx_setting.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/phydm_mp.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_debug.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halphyrf_ce.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_powertracking_ce.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_powertracking.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_kfree.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/halrf_psd.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_mac.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_bb.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/halhwimg8188e_rf.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/halrf/rtl8188e/halrf_8188e_ce.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/phydm_regconfig8188e.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/hal8188erateadaptive.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/hal/phydm/rtl8188e/phydm_rtl8188e.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/platform/platform_ops.o
  CC [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/core/rtw_mp.o
  LD [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/8188eu.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/8188eu.mod.o
  LD [M]  /mnt/3f7e3b4a-37d7-42bf-a3c8-603d082dcbf5/AzureSphere/rtl8188eus/8188eu.ko
make[1]: Opuszczenie katalogu '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.3.0-28-generic'
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8188eus for support/reporting issues
or check for newer versions (branches) of these drivers.                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This warnings shown first time, but code was built successfully. Just for your information ;)

Packet Injection not working

Monitor mode works just fine, with capturing handshakes.
But trying out Reaver (v1.6.6, as 1.6.5 doesn't work for some reason), the adapter associates with the AP but it keeps getting timeout errors for each EAPOL request.
I tried out my laptop's internal adapter, to see if it's just my router, but it worked just fine.
Tried searching for this issue quite a lot with no avail.

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