The Python standard library includes a basic SMTP_ server in the smtpd_ module, based on the old asynchronous libraries asyncore_ and asynchat_. These modules are quite old and are definitely showing their age; asyncore and asynchat are difficult APIs to work with, understand, extend, and fix. (And have been deprecated since Python 3.6, and will be removed in Python 3.12.)
With the introduction of the asyncio_ module in Python 3.4, a much better way of doing asynchronous I/O is now available. It seems obvious that an asyncio-based version of the SMTP and related protocols are needed for Python 3. This project brings together several highly experienced Python developers collaborating on this reimplementation.
This package provides such an implementation of both the SMTP and LMTP protocols.
Full documentation is available on aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io_
aiosmtpd has been tested on CPython>=3.8 and PyPy_>=3.8 for the following platforms (in alphabetical order):
- Cygwin (as of 2022-12-22, only for CPython 3.8, and 3.9)
- MacOS 11 and 12
- Ubuntu 18.04
- Ubuntu 20.04
- Ubuntu 22.04
- Windows 10
- Windows Server 2019
- Windows Server 2022
aiosmtpd probably can run on platforms not listed above, but we cannot provide support for unlisted platforms.
Install as usual with pip:
pip install aiosmtpdIf you receive an error message ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'public', it likely means your setuptools is too old; try to upgrade setuptools to at least version 46.4.0 which had implemented a fix for this issue.
As of 2016-07-14, aiosmtpd has been put under the aio-libs_ umbrella project and moved to GitHub.
- Project home: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd
- PyPI project page: https://pypi.org/project/aiosmtpd/
- Report bugs at: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd/issues
- Git clone: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd.git
- Documentation: http://aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io/
- StackOverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/aiosmtpd
The best way to contact the developers is through the GitHub links above. You can also request help by submitting a question on StackOverflow.
You can install this package in a virtual environment like so:
$ python3 -m venv /path/to/venv
$ source /path/to/venv/bin/activate
$ python setup.py installThis will give you a command line script called aiosmtpd which implements the SMTP server. Use aiosmtpd --help for a quick reference.
You will also have access to the aiosmtpd library, which you can use as a testing environment for your SMTP clients. See the documentation links above for details.
You'll need the tox tool to run the test suite for Python 3. Once you've got that, run:
$ toxIndividual tests can be run like this:
$ tox -- <testname>where <testname> is the "node id" of the test case to run, as explained in the pytest documentation. The command above will run that one test case against all testenvs defined in tox.ini (see below).
If you want test to stop as soon as it hit a failure, use the -x/--exitfirst option:
$ tox -- -xYou can also add the -s/--capture=no option to show output, e.g.:
$ tox -e py311-nocov -- -sand these options can be combined:
$ tox -e py311-nocov -- -x -s <testname>(The -e parameter is explained in the next section about 'testenvs'. In general, you'll want to choose the nocov testenvs if you want to show output, so you can see which test is generating which output.)
In general, the -e parameter to tox specifies one (or more) testenv to run (separate using comma if more than one testenv). The following testenvs have been configured and tested:
{py38,py39,py310,py311,py312,pypy3,pypy37,pypy38,pypy39}-{nocov,cov,diffcov,profile}Specifies the interpreter to run and the kind of testing to perform.
nocov= no coverage testing. Tests will run verbosely.cov= with coverage testing. Tests will run in brief mode (showing a single character per test run)diffcov= with diff-coverage report (showing difference in coverage compared to previous commit). Tests will run in brief modeprofile= no coverage testing, but code profiling instead. This must be invoked manually using the-eparameter
Note 1: As of 2021-02-23, only the
{py38,py39}-{nocov,cov}combinations work on Cygwin.Note 2: It is also possible to use whatever Python version is used when invoking
toxby using thepytarget, but you must explicitly include the type of testing you want. For example:$ tox -e "py-{nocov,cov,diffcov}"(Don't forget the quotes if you want to use braces!)
You might want to do this for CI platforms where the exact Python version is pre-prepared, such as Travis CI or GitHub Actions_; this will definitely save some time during tox's testenv prepping.
For all testenv combinations except diffcov,
bandit_ security check will also be run prior to running pytest.qaPerforms
flake8_ code style checking, andflake8-bugbear_ design checking.In addition, some tests to help ensure that
aiosmtpdis releasable to PyPI are also run.docsBuilds HTML documentation and manpage using Sphinx. A pytest doctest will run prior to actual building of the documentation.
staticPerforms a static type checking using
pytype.Note 1: Please ensure that all pytype dependencies have been installed before executing this testenv.
Note 2: This testenv will be _SKIPPED on Windows, because
pytypecurrently cannot run on Windows.Note 3: This testenv does NOT work on Cygwin.
Due to how asyncio event loop works, some actions do not instantly get responded to. This is especially so on slower / overworked systems. In consideration of such situations, some test cases invoke a slight delay to let the event loop catch up.
Defaults to 0.1 and can be set to any float value you want.
The tox configuration files have been created to cater for more than one Python versions `safely`: If an interpreter is not found for a certain Python version, tox will skip that whole testenv.
However, with a little bit of effort, you can have multiple Python interpreter versions on your system by using pyenv. General steps:
- Install
pyenvfrom https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation - Install
tox-pyenvfrom https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/ - Using
pyenv, install the Python versions you want to test on Create a
.python-versionfile in the root of the repo, listing the Python interpreter versions you want to make available to tox (see pyenv's documentation about this file)Tip: The 1st line of
.python-versionindicates your preferred Python version which will be used to run tox.- Invoke tox with the option
--tox-pyenv-no-fallback(see tox-pyenv's documentation about this option)
If you ever need to 'reset' your repo, you can use the housekeep.py utility like so:
$ python housekeep.py supercleanIt is strongly recommended to NOT do superclean too often, though. Every time you invoke superclean, tox will have to recreate all its testenvs, and this will make testing much longer to finish.
superclean is typically only needed when you switch branches, or if you want to really ensure that artifacts from previous testing sessions won't interfere with your next testing sessions.
For example, you want to force Sphinx to rebuild all documentation. Or, you're sharing a repo between environments (say, PSCore and Cygwin) and the cached Python bytecode messes up execution (e.g., sharing the exact same directory between Windows PowerShell and Cygwin will cause problems as Python becomes confused about the locations of the source code).
Starting version 1.3.1, files provided through PyPI or GitHub Releases will be signed using one of the following GPG Keys:
| GPG Key ID | Owner | |
|---|---|---|
5D60 CE28 9CD7 C258 |
Pandu E POLUAN | pepoluan at gmail period com |
5555 A6A6 7AE1 DC91 |
Pandu E POLUAN | pepoluan at gmail period com |
E309 FD82 73BD 8465 |
Wayne Werner | waynejwerner at gmail period com |
5FE9 28CD 9626 CE2B |
Sam Bull | sam at sambull period org |
aiosmtpd is released under the Apache License version 2.0.
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