Comments (28)
Nick,
Right -- totally agree re: new rclone command for this. The precursor is getting bucket-to-bucket functionality.
Just FYI, I'm super excited about rclone && am loving your work. For now, I'm going to go with an incredibly simple approach to backups with rclone.
basically I'll have two targets, one that is synced weekly, and one that is synced daily. E.g. my cron will look like;
10 2 * * * rclone sync ~/VAULT google:vault/nesta/daily
10 4 * * 0 rclone sync ~/VAULT google:vault/nesta/weekly
This will [hopefully] preserve deleted files in the weekly snapshot. Could also add a monthly &c.
I think this will work for now, but certainly interested in helping with bucket-to-bucket and incremental strategies. If I can help, please let me know. May need to learn Go :)
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So, removing file1 results in removal from current and a copy stored in backup1, right ?
That is correct.
This should move any old file from current to the last hour, and keep the current backup in current, so, if file1 is removed now (15:10), on next run (16:00), the current will loose file1 but the 15:00 directory will keep it. right ?
Yes that sounds correct too.
There is a huge drawback: the backup-dir will only hold changes, not the full tree like rsnapshot does via links
I intend to fix this with a dedicated backup command at some point but we are not there yet.
rclone sync remote:current remote:1-hour-ago
rclone sync /path/to/local remote:current
yes that would work. The first rclone command would use server side copies so be relatively quick too. It does use a lot more space though. Some might say that was a good thing as you then have two actually independent backups.
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So, removing file1
results in removal from current
and a copy stored in backup1
, right ?
I'm trying to figure out a properly naming schema, in example, I would like to create hourly backups. Currently i'm testing this:
BACKUP_DIR=$(/bin/date +'%F_%R' -d '1 hour ago')
rclone sync $dir amazon_s3:mybucket/current$dir --backup-dir amazon_s3:mybucket/${BACKUP_DIR}$dir
in a hourly cron.
This should move any old file from current
to the last hour, and keep the current backup in current
, so, if file1
is removed now (15:10), on next run (16:00), the current
will loose file1
but the 15:00
directory will keep it. right ?
There is a huge drawback: the backup-dir
will only hold changes, not the full tree like rsnapshot does via links. Probably, the following would create something more similiar to rsnapshot:
rclone sync remote:current remote:1-hour-ago
rclone sync /path/to/local remote:current
but using much more space.
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My initial thought is to use remote-to-remote for this, e.g.
First Backup ("base")
rclone copy /path/to/backup remote:/backups/base
Subsequent Backups
date=`date "+%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S"`
rclone sync remote:/backups/base remote:/backups/$date
rclone sync /path/to/backup remote:/backups/$date
Not sure about the efficiency of the remote-to-remote. Bad idea?
Also, the README indicates:
[sync] Deletes any files that exist in source that don't exist in destination.
I'm used to behavior that deletes files that exist in the target destination that do not exist in the source destination. Worried that the rclone behavior would remove [new] files from /path/to/backup ...
Thanks!
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Your idea for the remote to remote copy is how I would approach it.
This has one disdvantage with rclone as it stands today in that it will effectively download the data and re-upload it. However I have been thinking about an allowing bucket to bucket copies which would be exactly what you want. S3, Swift and GCS all allow this. Here is the docs for GCS
So if I were to implement that then the copy to backup first would work really quite well I think.
As for
[sync] Deletes any files that exist in source that don't exist in destination.
I think it is badly worded, it "deletes files in the destination that don't exist in the source" as you would expect. I'll fix the wording
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Nick,
Great! This is pretty exciting. Bucket-to-bucket copying sounds promising. What about this approach as well;
rclone sync /path/to/backup remote:/backups/base remote:/backups/changes.2015-01-19
Where rclone would compare /path/to/backup against remote:/backups/base , and copy changes to remote:/backups/changes-2015-01-19
Obviously this would mess with the deletes behavior, which could be dealt with by adding a flag that would remove deleted files from remote:/backups/base, and optionally preserving them elsewhere (e.g. copying them to remote:/backups/deleted-files ). We could then run a janitorial command that removes files older than X days from remote:/backups/deleted-files ) ... *and also take advantage of bucket-to-bucket copying without incurring the cost of doubling storage space with each snapshot *
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Interesting idea!
I think I'd simplify the logic slightly and make it a new rclone command
rclone sync3 /path/to/backup remote:/backups/base remote:/backups/changes.2015-01-19
- for every file in/path/to/backup
- if it is in base unchanged - skip
- if it is modified in base
- copy the file from base to changes if it exists in base
- upload the file to base
- for every file in base but not in backup
- move it from base to changes
This would mean that base would end up with a proper sync of backup, but changes would have any old files which changed or were deleted. It would then effectively be a delta, and you would have all the files at both points in time.
You could re-create the old filesystem easily, except for if you uploaded new files into base - there would be no way of telling just by looking at base and changes that those new files where new or just unchanged old files. This may or may not be a problem!
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I've added ansible scripts to 1) install rclone and 2) implement the above backup strategy on a crontab based system (still need to make a systemd timer compatible version for archlinux &c). Sharing for fun.
Install rclone:
---
- name: install rclone
hosts: all
sudo: true
sudo_user: root
vars:
# check http://rclone.org/downloads/ for latest...
rclone_version: 1.07
rclone_vstr: rclone-v{{ rclone_version }}-linux-amd64
rclone_target: /opt/rclone/{{ rclone_vstr }}
pre_tasks:
- stat: path={{ rclone_target }}
register: stat_rclone
tasks:
- name: download rclone
uri:
dest=/tmp/
follow_redirects=all
url=http://downloads.rclone.org/{{ rclone_vstr }}.zip
when: not stat_rclone.stat.exists
- name: unpack rclone
command: unzip /tmp/{{ rclone_vstr }}.zip -d /opt/rclone
creates={{ rclone_target }}
- name: add rclone to path
file:
state=link
dest=/usr/local/bin/rclone
src={{ rclone_target }}/rclone
Backup Stategy
---
- name: vault backup
hosts: all
vars:
vault_base: "google:iceburg-vault/{{ TARGET_USER }}"
vault_daily: "{{ vault_base }}/daily"
vault_weekly: "{{ vault_base }}/weekly"
tasks:
- name: $HOME/.rclone.conf
file:
state=link
dest={{ TARGET_USER_HOME }}/.rclone.conf
src={{ DOTFILES_DIR }}/.rclone.conf
force={{ FORCE_LINKS }}
- name: fetch vault
command: rclone copy {{ vault_daily }} ~/VAULT
creates=~/VAULT
- name: schedule daily vault backup
cron:
name="daily vault backup"
minute=40
hour=4
job="rclone sync ~/VAULT {{ vault_daily }}"
- name: schedule weekly vault backup
cron:
name="weekly vault backup"
minute=40
hour=5
job="rclone sync ~/VAULT {{ vault_weekly }}"
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Nick,
I've been playing with Syncthing of late. It uses the very cool idea of "versions" I believe derrived from Dropbox and/or Bittorret Sync. Vs. the incremental ideas outlined -- perhaps an incremental versioning scheme is prefered and easier to implement?
The "simple" Versioning scheme in Syncthing allows you to specify a folder name and number of copies you would like to preserve. E.g.
- During a sync, if a file is changed, copy the original version to the "versioned" folder.
E.g. :/.versions//filename. - If more than X versions of a file exist, delete the oldest.
So for the sync
rclone sync-versioned /path/to/backup remote:/backups
If remote:/backups/apache/virtualhost.a was FOUND, but deleted or changed from /path/to/backup/apache/virtualhost.a , rclone would
- make sure remote:/backups/.versions/apache folder exists (assuming .versions is the configured folder name)
- copy remote:/backups/apache/virtualhost.a to remote:/backups/.versions/apache/virtualhost.a
- if remote:/backups/.versions/apache/virtualhost.a exists, apply versioning scheme. E.g. rename older backups to remote:/backups/.versions/apache/virtualhost.a.[1-4] if configured to preserve 5 versions of a file.
Personally I think versions may be more accessible, and doesn't involve deltas. What do you think?
from rclone.
Sorry missed your last comment..
Yes, Versions sounds like it would be simpler for people to understand.
The renaming scheme needs a bit of thought - windows doesn't deal well with files with funny extensions.
Implementation wise, it is quite similar to the schemes above.
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@ncw OK. If time allows I'll learn go and submit a PR :) Will keep an eye on the project in the meantime! Thanks.
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I'll just note that rclone now has bucket to bucket copy and sync which may be helpful!
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A feature along the lines of #18 or #98 would be very welcome. I agree that it is desirable to store full files rather than diffs for simplicity and ease of restoration, but i wonder if we could improve on versioned folders idea?
The main drawback of this is when a file is moved (or repeatedly removed and created) we get a lot of copies of the same file. Instead if we treated the .backup directory as a content addressable storage, such that each backed up file was stored using its md5 has as a filename we would only need a little metadata stored to allow a restore.
I'd suggest that what we could need to store for each version is a JSON file that contains a line for each filesystem change along the lines of
operation, metadata, blob
here:
- Operation would be add, delete, mkdir or similar (probably to match operations in fs)
- Metadata would contain chmod, date, etc.
- blob would be a md5 of the file in question
I'd suggest that the version file itself is named as the md5 of its contents and contains a reference (probably in the first line) to the previous backup. The most recent backup would probably be retained by writing the md5 of the most recent backup to a file called HEAD in the .backup directory. this would be the only file that would ever need to change. (in effect we're creating a merkle tree)
The advantage of this approach is that as well as restoring files we can restore other changes readily, by returning to any arbitrary point in the history (including deleted files, metadata, etc) and it could cope with multi-way syncing with a little work. I also believe this approach could support a full two-way sync more readily than simple versioning, as the metadata allows us to determine what changes have been made since last sync reducing our ability to determine which update to propagate, rather than simply having to mark a potential conflict.
In practice the easiest way of doing a restore is to allow source to have an optional version specified (either by using the md5 hash or simply an integer to represent the number of steps back to go), and so a restore could simply be a copy from the (old) destination.
One interesting way to implement this would be to provide SourceVersionWrapper and DestinationVersionWrapper which wrap any existing fs object, and in the case of SourceVersionWrapper allow an arbitrary version to be specified, and DestinationVersionWrapper simply creates the .backup metadata and blobs.
The advantage of this would be that if you did implement a FUSE support #494 then you would have in effect created a versioned filesystem for free. :-)
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New feature from Backblaze for B2: https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-b2-lifecycle-rules/
(might be relevant)
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More than a half year later.. @ncw status update?
This backup feature would make rclone a possible backup solution, especially with external drives (no cloud), wouldn't it?
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rclone now supports --backup-dir which with a tiny amount of scripting gives all the tools necessary for incremental backups.
I keep meaning to wrap this into an rclone backup
command, but I haven't got round to it yet!
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hi @ncw
i curious what does --backup-dir=DIR is doing ...
is it doing copy on the server side by its base folder OR
it is doing upload file from local to backup-dir (so there are two upload operation, 1. local sync/copy aka upload to remote base folder. 2. local sync/copy to backup folder on remote)
thank you
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@navotera --backup-dir does a server side move, (or possibly a server side copy followed by a delete if server side move isn't available).
from rclone.
from rclone.
So, by using something like:
rclone sync /path/to/local remote:current --backup-dir remote:$(date)
remote:current will hold the latest backup (thus, the "current" version of files) and every changes between the current version and the previous one would be stored in "remote:$(date)" resulting in something like rsnapshot?
In other words, if yesterday i had a file called "foo" that was deleted today, with today clone, this file will be removed from the current remote and placed in remote with yesterday date, right?
Isn't easier to run a remote copy before a new sync? Like the following:
rclone sync remote:current remote:yesterday
rclone sync /path/to/local remote:current
Exactly like rsnapshot
from rclone.
So, by using something like:
rclone sync /path/to/local remote:current --backup-dir remote:$(date) remote:current will hold the latest backup (thus, the "current" version of files) and every changes between the current version and the previous one would be stored in "remote:$(date)" resulting in something like rsnapshot?
Yes that is right
In other words, if yesterday i had a file called "foo" that was deleted today, with today clone, this file will be removed from the current remote and placed in remote with yesterday date, right?
Yes.
Isn't easier to run a remote copy before a new sync? Like the following:
That will use a lot more storage - you'll have a complete copy for yesterday
and a complete copy for current
.
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But with --backup-dir, i have to search a file in every repository or each repository is a complete copy like with rsnapshot and hardlinks?
from rclone.
But with --backup-dir, i have to search a file in every repository or each repository is a complete copy like with rsnapshot and hardlinks?
Yes searching will be necessary as not many cloud providers support hard links. (A few do like google drive).
I intend to make a rclone backup
command which hides this from the user though at some point.
from rclone.
I'm trying to use the suggested method (--backup-dir) but something is not working as expected.
This is a simple script that i'm running:
#!/bin/sh
BACKUP_DIR=$(/bin/date +'%F_%R')
for dir in /etc /var/www /var/backups /var/spool/backups; do
rclone sync $dir amazon_s3:mybuket/current/$dir --backup-dir amazon_s3:mybuket/${BACKUP_DIR} --exclude '*/storage/logs/*' --stats 2s --log-level ERROR
done
I would expect that on first run, everthing would be synced in mybuket/current
(and this is working properly), then on every subsequent run, changed files should be moved to mybucket/${BACKUP_DIR}
but this is not working. Files are still synced in current
I would like to have something like rsnapshot. current
should hold the latest sync, then every changes from the latest sync and the previous one, should be moved to the backup-dir.
In example, yesterday I had file1
, file2
. These are synced in current
. Today I remove file2
and change file1
content. On next run, today's version should be synced in current
, the yesterday version should be moved in 20180817_0930
from rclone.
What should happen is any files that are changed or deleted get moved to the backup-dir which is I think what you are asking for.
Here is a simple example
$ tree src
src
└── file1
0 directories, 1 file
$ rclone sync src dst/current --backup-dir dst/backup1
$ tree dst
dst
└── current
└── file1
1 directory, 1 file
$ date > src/file1
$ date > src/file2
$ rclone sync src dst/current --backup-dir dst/backup1
$ tree dst
dst
├── backup1
│ └── file1
└── current
├── file1
└── file2
2 directories, 3 files
$ rm src/file1
$ rclone sync src dst/current --backup-dir dst/backup2
$ tree dst
dst
├── backup1
│ └── file1
├── backup2
│ └── file1
└── current
└── file2
3 directories, 3 files
$
I would say also that amazon_s3:mybuket/${BACKUP_DIR}
in your script should be amazon_s3:mybuket/${BACKUP_DIR}/$dir
to fit in with the naming scheme.
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Found this issue, and rclone, as I've been looking for an alternative to https://www.arqbackup.com that supports linux. Arq is like rclone, but specific to backup use cases. I emailed their dev, but they have no timeline for a linux client/app.
That said, this conglomeration could work:
- Raspberry Pi running Ubuntu Server has a 12TB drive (with 2 partitions) attached to it available via Samba
- Arq running on MacOS on a Macbook backs up via Samba the first partition to the second partition.
- The Rasberry Pi backs up the second partition to the cloud via rclone.
That way the raspberry pi does the cloud backup via rclone (the slow thing) as it is always on, and the macbook does the ocassional local snapshots (the quick thing) while it powered on and available.
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@ncw
The last comment here is 3 years old
Do you think that rclone backup
is still a viable idea?
from rclone.
Could you use --compare-dest with a list of all the directories since the last full backup in order to make an incremental backup?
Full backup: possibly use --copy-dest from all of the previous incrementals to avoid uploading again
Incremental backup: --compare-dest all the incrementals + the last full
Differential backup: --compare-dest the last full backup only
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Related Issues (20)
- Support Permanent delete in OneDrive/Sharepoint HOT 5
- Recursively lock/unlock files from remote:path in Google Drive HOT 3
- Feature request: Hasher, copy hashes on server-side copy (maybe simple copy too)
- --files-from doesn't seem to play nicely with --links HOT 2
- `rclone ls` does not exit with an error code on various cloud backends when file doesn't exist HOT 2
- Hasher: trust cached sum
- Git backend? HOT 2
- Windows: Destination Encoding characters are improperly escaped HOT 4
- OAuth tokens fail to refresh when they are provided as a JSON blob (for native-app clients) HOT 2
- HDFS remote fails to copy file with " Received error: unexpected EOF" HOT 5
- Implement WebHDFS to acces remote HDFS storage HOT 4
- Poor copy/sync speed from a NFS-mounted directory to Ceph S3 bucket HOT 3
- WebAssembly - WASI Support HOT 1
- Access "Photos" folder in Proton Drive
- ListJSON failed to load config for crypt remote HOT 3
- Can’t move and rename inside linkbox mount HOT 2
- Wrong encoding type in response when using "serve s3" - should not be url-encoded HOT 4
- MacOS and Linux doesn't support space character on folder name HOT 1
- Problems with pikpak storing hash after uploads HOT 4
- Fatal error: unknown flag: --vfs-cache-mode HOT 4
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